(A)
For the treatment
of acute pain, the physician shall comply with the following:
(1)
Extended-release
or long-acting opioid analgesics shall not be prescribed for treatment of acute
pain;
(2)
Before prescribing an opioid analgesic, the physician
shall first consider non- opioid treatment options. If opioid analgesic
medications are required as determined by a history and physical examination,
the physician shall prescribe for the minimum quantity and potency needed to
treat the expected duration of pain, with a presumption that a three-day supply
or less is frequently sufficient and that limiting the duration of opioid use
to the necessary period will decrease the likelihood of subsequent chronic use
or dependence;
(3)
In all circumstances where opioid analgesics are
prescribed for acute pain:
(a)
Except as provided in paragraph (B) of this rule, the
duration of the first opioid analgesic prescription for the treatment of an
episode of acute pain shall be:
(i)
For adults, not more than a seven-day supply with no
refills;
(ii)
For minors, not more than a five-day supply with no
refills. A physician shall comply with section
3719.061 of the Revised Code,
including but not limited to obtaining from the parent, guardian, or another
adult who is authorized to consent to the minor's medical treatment written
consent prior to prescribing an opioid analgesic to a minor;
(iii)
The seven-day
limit for adults and five-day limit for minors may be exceeded for pain that is
expected to persist for longer than seven days based on the pathology causing
the pain. In this circumstance, the reason that the limits are being exceeded
and the reason that a non-opioid medication was not appropriate to treat the
patient's conditions shall be documented in the patient's medical record. The
number of days of the prescription shall not exceed the amount required to
treat the expected duration of the pain as noted in paragraph (A) (2) of this
rule; and
(iv)
If a patient is allergic to or otherwise unable to
tolerate the initially prescribed opioid medication, a prescription for a
different, appropriate opioid may be issued at any time during the initial
seven or five-day dosing period and shall be subject to all other provisions of
this rule. The allergy and/or intolerance shall be documented in the patient's
medical record. The patient or the minor patient's parent, guardian or another
adult who is authorized to consent to the minor's medical treatment must be
provided education of the safe disposal of the unused
medication.
(b)
The patient, or a minor's parent or guardian, shall be
advised of the benefits and risks of the opioid analgesic, including the
potential for addiction, and the advice shall be documented in the patient's
medical record; and
(c)
The total morphine equivalent dose (MED) of a
prescription for opioid analgesics for treatment of acute pain shall not exceed
an average of thirty MED per day, except when all of the following apply:
(i)
The patient
suffers from medical conditions, surgical outcomes or injuries of such severity
that pain cannot be managed within the thirty MED average limit as determined
by the treating physician based upon prevailing standards of medical care, such
as:
(a)
Traumatic crushing of tissue;
(b)
Amputation;
(c)
Major orthopedic surgery;
(d)
Severe
burns
(ii)
The physician determines that exceeding the thirty MED
average limit is necessary based on the physician's clinical judgment and the
patient's needs.
(iii)
The physician shall document in the patient's medical
record the reason for exceeding the thirty MED average and the reason it is the
lowest dose consistent with the patient's medical condition.
(iv)
Only the
prescribing physician for the conditions in paragraph (A)(3) (c)(i) of this
rule may exceed the thirty MED average. The prescribing physician shall be held
singularly accountable for prescriptions that exceed the thirty MED
average.
(v)
In circumstances when the thirty MED average is
exceeded, the dose shall not exceed the dose required to treat the severity of
the pain as noted in paragraph (A) (2) of this rule.
(d)
Prescriptions
that exceed the five or seven day supply or thirty MED average daily dose are
subject to additional review by the state medical board. The dosage, days
supplied, and condition for which the opioid analgesic is prescribed will be
considered as part of this additional review.