Current through all regulations passed and filed through September 16, 2024
This rule relates to methods of
controlling air contaminants (as defined in paragraph (B) of this rule) which
have been established as hazardous.
(B) Definitions.
(1) "Air contaminants" as used in this rule,
means
airborne concentrations of fibrosis-producing or toxic
dusts, toxic fumes, toxic mists, toxic vapors, or toxic vapors, or toxic gases,
or a combination of these.
(2)
"Collector" - see "separator."
(3)
"Confined space" means any tank, vessel, container, or pit so enclosed that
adequate ventilation is not obtained by natural air movement.
(4) "Duct" means any pipe, flue, or channel
forming a part of a ventilating system used to convey air, dusts, fumes, mists,
vapors, or gases.
(5) "Dust" means
solid particulate matter, other than fumes,
generally less than one hundred
micrometers in aerodynamic diameter.
(6) "Exhaust system" means a complete suction
system, including all hoods, ducts, fans, separators, and receptacles, when
required, and any other part necessary for the proper installation and
operation thereof.
(7) "Fan" means
the equipment which creates the movement of air in a mechanical system of
ventilation.
(8) "FPM" means the
rate of lineal air movement in feet per minute.
(9) "
Fume means
solid
particulates generated by the condensation
of vapors or
gases, usually of metallic elements
.
(10) "Gas"
means a formless fluid occupying the space of enclosure.
(11) "Hazardous concentrations" as applied to
air contaminants, means concentrations which are known
of recognized occupational exposure limits such as, but
not exclusively, the OSHA permissible exposure limits (OSHA-PEL), national
institute for occupational safety and health recommended exposure limits
(NIOSH-REL) or American conference of governmental industrial hygienists'
threshold limit values (ACGIH)TLV®).
(12) "Hood" means that part of an exhaust
system into which air
contaminants
first enter.
(13) "Mist" means liquid droplets or wet
solids suspended in air.
(14)
"Separator (collector)" means that part of an exhaust system,
designed to separate the entrained material from
the conveying air .
(15) "Vapor" means the gaseous form of a
substance normally in the liquid or solid state.
(16) "Velocity" means:
(a) "Capture velocity" means the velocity at
any point in front of the hood necessary to overcome the opposing air currents
and to capture the contaminated air by causing it to flow into the exhaust
hood.
(b) "Duct velocity" means the
velocity of air in a duct.
(c) "Transport velocity" means the velocity
of air required to keep the material
entrained in the
conveying air.
(17) "Ventilation" means:
(a) "Dilution ventilation" means ventilation
provided to reduce the concentration of air contaminants in the atmosphere of
all of or part of the place of employment.
(b) "General ventilation" means ventilation
of the general atmosphere in the place of employment.
(c) "Local exhaust ventilation" means that
type of ventilation in which suction is applied at the point of generation or
escape of air contaminants.
(C) Temporary heating devices.
(1) General.
When heaters are used, ventilation shall be provided to
maintain the health and safety of employees.
(2) Solid fuel salamanders.
Solid fuel salamanders are prohibited in buildings and on
scaffolds.
(3) Oil-fired
heaters.
(a) Flammable liquid-fired heaters
shall be equipped with a primary safety control to stop the flow of fuel in the
event of flame failure.
(b) Heaters
designed for barometric or gravity oil feed shall be used only with the
integral tanks.
(c) Heaters
specifically designed and approved for use with separate supply tanks may be
directly connected for gravity feed, or an automatic pump, from a supply
tank.
(4) Liquefied
petroleum gas (LP-gas).
(a) Approval of
equipment and systems.
Each system shall have containers, valves, connectors, manifold
valve assemblies, and regulators of an approved type.
(b) Container valves and container
accessories.
Valves, fittings, and accessories connected directly to the
container, including primary shut-off valves, shall have a rated working
pressure of no less than two hundred fifty P.S.I.G. and shall be of material
and design suitable for LP-gas service.
(c) Dispensing.
Filling of portable containers mounted on skids from storage
containers shall be performed no less than fifty feet from the nearest
building.
(d) Containers
and regulating equipment installed outside of buildings or structures.
Containers shall be upright upon firm foundations or otherwise
firmly secured. The possible effect on the outlet piping of settling shall be
guarded against by a flexible connection or special fitting.
(e) Containers and equipment used inside of
buildings or structures.
(i) When operational
requirements make use of portable containers necessary, and their location
outside of buildings or structures is impracticable, containers and equipment
shall be permitted to be used inside of buildings or structures.
(ii) "Containers in use" means connected for
use.
(iii) Valves on containers
having water capacity greater than fifty pounds (nominal twenty pounds LP-gas
capacity) shall be protected from damage while in use or storage.
(iv) Hose used for LP-gas shall have a
working pressure of no less than two hundred fifty P.S.I.G. The use of aluminum
piping or tubing is prohibited.
(v)
Portable heaters, including salamanders, shall be equipped with an approved
automatic device to shut off the flow of gas to the main burner, and pilot, in
the event of flame failure, except that this provision does not apply to
portable heaters under seven thousand five hundred B.t.u. per hour, input when
used with containers having a maximum water capacity of two and one-half
pounds. Portable heaters, having inputs above fifty thousand B.t.u. per hour,
shall be equipped with either a pilot, which must be lighted and proved before
the main burner can be turned on, or an electrical ignition system.
(vi) Containers, regulating equipment,
manifolds, piping, tubing, and hose shall be located to avoid exposure to high
temperatures or physical damage.
(vii) Containers having a water capacity
greater than two and one-half pounds (nominal one pound LP-gas capacity)
connected for use shall stand on a firm and level surface and shall be secured
in an upright position.
(viii) The
maximum water capacity of individual containers shall be two hundred forty-five
pounds (nominal one hundred pounds LP-gas capacity).
(ix) For temporary heating, heaters (other
than integral heater-container units) shall be located no less than six feet
from any LP-gas container.
(x) When
heaters are connected to containers for use in an unpartitioned area on the
same floor, the total water capacity of containers, manifolded together for
connection to a heater or heaters, shall be no greater than seven hundred
thirty-five pounds (nominal three hundred pounds LP-gas capacity). Such
manifolds shall be separated by no less than twenty feet.
(f) Multiple container systems.
(i) Valves in the assembly of multiple
container systems shall be arranged so that replacement of containers can be
made without shutting off the flow of gas in the system.
(ii) Heaters shall be equipped with an
approved regulator in the supply line between the fuel cylinder and the heater
unit. Cylinder connectors shall be provided with an excess flow
valve.
(g) Storage of
LP-gas containers.
Storage of LP-gas within buildings is prohibited.
(h) Storage outside of buildings.
(i) Storage outside of buildings for
containers awaiting use, shall be located away from the nearest building or
group of buildings, in accordance with the following:
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(ii)
Containers shall be in a ventilated enclosure and also protected against
tampering.
(D) Control of air contaminants.
(1) General.
Air contaminants shall be minimized by one or more of the
following methods:
(a) Substitute
nonhazardous, or less hazardous material;
(b) Confine or isolate the
contaminant;
(c) Remove at
the source by local
exhaust ventilation;
(d)
Reduce the
airborne concentration by dilution ventilation;
(e)
Reduce the airborne
concentration by general ventilation;
(f) Using wet methods to allay
dust
generation. Note: Good housekeeping is of definite value in minimizing
air contaminants created by dusts.
(2) Asbestos.
(a) Mixing asbestos shall be done wet or in
an enclosed, ventilated area.
(b)
The employer shall provide and shall require the employee to wear approved
respirators when mixing, sawing, spraying, applying, and cleaning up where
asbestos is used.
(c) Damaged bags
or containers of asbestos shall be wrapped or enclosed in an airtight container
before handling.
(d) When cleaning
up, all surfaces shall be sprayed with water or shall be vacuumed by
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered equipment capable of trapping
and retaining at least 99.97 per cent of all monodispersed particles of 0.3
micrometers in diameter or larger.
(E) Exhaust systems: machinery and equipment.
(1) Grinding, polishing and buffing.
(a) Abrasive wheels and belts.
(i) Abrasive wheels and belts shall be hooded
and exhausted when there is a hazardous concentration of air
contaminants.
(ii) This does not
apply to abrasive wheels or belts:
(a) Upon
which water, oil, or other liquid substance is used at the point of the
grinding contact; or
(b)
Small abrasive wheels used occasionally for tool
grinding or other routine maintenance
tasks.
(b) Separate exhaust systems.
Abrasive wheel and buffing wheel exhaust systems shall be
separate when the dust from the buffing wheel is of flammable
or combustible material.
(2) Manufacturing
processes.
When toxic materials are generated in hazardous concentrations
during their application, drying, or handling, they shall be minimized or
eliminated.
(3) Internal
combustion engines.
Hazardous concentrations of air contaminants produced by
internal combustion engines shall be exhausted.
(F) Exhaust systems - structural
requirements.
(1) Exhaust or ventilating fan.
Each exhaust or ventilating fan located seven feet or less
above the floor or normal working level shall be guarded.
(2)
Ducts.
The exhaust
system shall be ducts of a size suitable for
conducting the contaminated air outdoors, or the exhaust
ducts shall provide no less than the minimum transport
velocity necessary to remove the particulate material
to a collector.
(3)
Discharge.
The outlet from every separator or from every collector shall
discharge the air contaminants collected by the exhaust system, in such manner
that the discharged materials shall not re-enter the working area in hazardous
concentrations.
(4)
Location of air supply openings or inlets.
Air supply openings or inlets through which air enters the
building or room in which the local exhaust system is in operation shall be
isolated from any known source of contamination .
(G) Confined spaces.
Under no circumstances shall a confined space be entered to
make any of the following prescribed tests.
(1) No employer shall permit entrance into
any confined space unless a confined space entry procedure, incorporating one
of the following, is used:
(a) Air sampling
shall be performed by qualified, trained personnel prior to and periodically
during occupancy to determine either that:
(i)
The atmosphere within the confined space contains an adequate quantity of
oxygen ( 19.5to 23.5 per cent) and harmful
atmospheric contaminants have been removed or
diluted to safe concentrations; or
(ii) Adequate mechanically induced dilution
ventilation is used prior to entry and continued in use during occupancy to
ensure that no less than 19.5 per cent oxygen is maintained in the confined
space.
(b)
An atmosphere-supplying
respirator with escape bottle is provided and used.
(2) When the confined space has been exposed
to, contained, or is likely to have combustible gases within its confines (such
as sewage treatment plants), it shall not be entered if any reading in excess
of ten per cent of its lower flammable limit (LFL) is obtained on a combustible
gas indicator (see Appendix III to rule
4123:1-3-16
of the Administrative Code).
(3) If
tests under paragraph (G)(1)(a) or (G)(2) of this rule indicate that the
atmosphere in the space to be entered contains:
(a) A concentration of flammable vapor or gas
in excess of ten per cent of its LFL; and/or,
(b) A concentration of toxic contaminants
above the threshold limit value; and/or,
(c) Less than 19.5 per cent oxygen;
Then appropriate control measures shall be instituted. Control
measures may consist of forced or natural ventilation, use of personal
protective equipment, a combination of these, or other effective control
techniques.
(H) Procedures.
(1) Procedure for safe entry.
(a) A procedure for safe entry into confined
spaces shall be established and used.
(b) The following are recommended procedures
to comply with standards:
(i) Designate at
least one trained person to be responsible for adherence to entry procedures
and require written approval by that person before permitting anyone to enter
the confined space;
(ii) Post
danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and
location of the permit spaces.
Note: A sign reading "Danger -- Permit - Required Confined
Space, Do Not Enter," or using other similar language would satisfy the
requirement for a sign.
(iii) Provide periodic instruction and
training in proper entry procedures to be used;
(iv) Standby personnel where provided shall
be required at all times to be in communication with the employee within the
confined space; an alarm or two-way radio system for the standby employee will
be effective;
(v) Approved rescue
equipment should be available; since entry ports for confined spaces vary in
size, precaution should be used in obtaining proper size equipment;
(vi) Establish procedures to prevent ignition
of combustible atmospheres or re-entry of gases or liquids by locking out
switches and blanking off transmission pipes; use nonsparking tools;
(vii) Prevent generation of contaminants by
neutralizing or flushing out residual materials;
(viii) In testing for contaminants use only
approved instruments maintained in proper working order;
(ix) Continual monitoring of oxygen and
contaminant concentrations during occupancy;
(x) If atmosphere-supplying respiratory equipment is used off
this
system shall meet the specifications of the "Compressed Gas Association
(CGA)," to assure a supply of
grade D or better air;
(xi) When
atmospheric-supplying respiratory apparatus is
used, personnel should be trained in the proper use of such
apparatus.
(xii) Many employers use
tags to show that a confined space may be entered safely. An example of such a
tag is as follows:
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(2) Emergency rescue procedures.
(a) In all cases when an employee is
stationed outside a compartment, tank, or space, as a tender for the employees
working inside, the tender shall have immediately available for emergency use
all necessary personal protective equipment. The tender shall wear the personal
protective equipment if exposed for prolonged periods which are hazardous to
the tender's health.
(b) When
entering a toxic or flammable atmosphere, an employee shall be provided with
and use an adequate, attended, lifeline.
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