Current through all regulations passed and filed through December 16, 2024
As used in this chapter and any chapter making these
definitions applicable, terms in this rule are defined as follows:
(A)
(1)
"Administrative change" means an amendment to an authorizing document that does
not constitute a modification or alteration to the facility or permit to
install for the facility. An administrative change is not an action.
(2)
"Advanced
recycling" has the same meaning as in section
3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
(3)
"Advanced recycling facility" has the same meaning as
in section 3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
(4) "Alteration" means
a change to a facility from the requirements specified in the facility's
authorizing document that is at least equivalent to rule requirements. An
alteration is not a modification.
(5) "Applicant" means
any person who has applied for authorization in accordance with rules adopted
under Chapter 3714. or 3734. of the
Revised Code.
(6) "Approved board of
health" means a board of health of a health district placed on the approved
list by the director in accordance with section
3714.09 or
3734.08 of the Revised Code, as
applicable.
(7)
"Approved health district" means a health district
placed on the approved list by the director in accordance with section
3714.09 or
3734.08 of the Revised Code, as
applicable.
(8)
"Asbestos-containing waste materials" has the same meaning as in rule
3745-20-01 of the Administrative
Code.
[Comment: Asbestos-containing waste materials includes
asbestos-containing materials regulated under NESHAP, 40
C.F.R.
Part 61, Subpart M (1984).]
(9)
"Assets" means all existing and all probable future economic benefits obtained
or controlled by a particular person.
(10) "Authorizing
document" means a document issued, approved, or concurred with by the director,
Ohio EPA, an approved board of health, the Ohio environmental review appeals
commission, or a court of competent jurisdiction that describes activities that
a person is either required to do, allowed to do, or prohibited from doing,
pursuant to and in compliance with applicable rules, statutes, and orders.
Authorizing document includes but is not limited to a permit, license,
registration, acknowledgment of registration, plan, alteration, approval to use
an alternative material, and order.
(11) "Authorized
maximum daily waste receipt" or "AMDWR" means the maximum amount of solid waste
a solid waste disposal facility may receive at the gate in any calendar
day.
(B)
(1) "Biomass fuels" are those fuels from any
plant derived organic matter available on a renewable basis, including
dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops,
agricultural crop wastes and residues, forestry residues and sawdust, aquatic
plants, and refuse derived fuel consisting of waste paper, cardboard, wood
wastes and yard wastes, and animal wastes.
(2) "Board of health" means the board of
health of a city or general health district, the authority having the duties of
a board of health in any city as authorized by section
3709.05 of the Revised Code, or
a representative delegated by the board of health to act on behalf of the board
of health.
(C)
(1) "Commingled yard waste" means yard waste
that has been commingled with other solid wastes. Commingled yard waste does
include containerized source-separated yard waste including but not limited to
yard waste in paper or plastic bags where such bags are commingled with other
solid wastes.
(2) "Composting
facility" means a site, location, tract of land, installation, or building used
for composting of solid waste in accordance with Chapter 3734. of the Revised
Code and rules adopted thereunder. The composting facility includes the area of
materials placement and any leachate management system structures.
(3) "Constituent" means a compound or element
suspended in, dissolved in, mixed in, or comprising of a liquid, gas, or
solid.
(4) "Construct" means to
build, reconstruct, or repair when such activity affects any engineered
component of a facility. Construct does not include routine maintenance
activities.
(5) "Construction and
demolition debris" or "C&DD" has the same meaning as in rule
3745-400-01 of the
Administrative Code.
(6)
"Construction and demolition debris co-located processing facility" or
"co-located processing facility" means a processing facility that is located
wholly within the facility boundary of a licensed construction and demolition
debris facility, as that boundary is identified in the effective construction
and demolition debris facility license.
(7) "Construction and demolition debris
facility" means any site, location, tract of land, installation, or building
used for the disposal of construction and demolition debris.
(8) "Construction and demolition debris
processing facility" or "processing facility" means a site, location, tract of
land, installation, or building that is used or intended to be used for the
purpose of processing, transferring, or recycling construction and demolition
debris that was generated off the premises of the processing facility.
Construction and demolition debris processing facility does not include a
facility that is licensed under section
3734.05 of the Revised Code as a
solid waste transfer facility or a solid waste facility and does not include a
licensed construction and demolition debris facility where processing of mixed
C&DD occurs wholly within the designated unloading zone.
(9) "Convert" means to alter the physical or
chemical nature or properties.
(D)
(1)
"Developed spring" means any spring that has been modified by the addition of
pipes or a collection basin to facilitate the collection and use of the spring
water.
(2) "Director" means the
director of environmental protection or the director's authorized
representative.
(3) "Disposal" has
the same meaning as in section
3714.01 or
3734.01 of the Revised Code, as
appropriate.
(4) "Disposal limits"
means the horizontal and vertical boundaries within a solid waste facility
where solid waste has been disposed, is being disposed, or will be disposed
within those boundaries.
(E)
(1)
"Establish" or "establishment" of a facility means to dispose of waste or
construct or install any facility components and includes excavation that is
related to the construction of a facility or any components thereof. Establish
or establishment includes conducting such activities at any location not
authorized to dispose of waste. Establish or establishment includes permitting
a pre-existing building for use as a solid waste transfer facility. Establish
or establishment does not include clearing, grubbing, or installing ground
water monitoring wells.
(2)
"Execute" means to complete and sign a document acceptable to the director for
the purpose of establishing a financial assurance instrument.
(3) "Exemption" means a discretionary action
of the director or the approved board of heath, as applicable, that relieves
the applicant from a requirement of Chapter 3714. or Chapter 3734. of the
Revised Code or any rule adopted thereunder.
(F)
(1)
"Feedstock" means a solid waste that will readily decompose during the
composting process including but not limited to yard waste, agricultural waste,
animal waste, food scraps, animal carcasses, raw rendering material, and mixed
solid waste.
(2) "Floodway" means
the portion of the flood plain that conveys the flood flow.
(3) "Food scraps" means unprocessed and
processed vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy products, meats, and other
residuals from food intended for human or animal consumption, and any
compostable containers or compostable serviceware that are commingled with the
food scraps.
(4) "Functionally
equivalent," means when a practice, method, technique, procedure, design,
material, or component performs the same function and provides the same or
improved utility as is being required through the rule.
(G) "Ground water" means any water below the
surface of the earth in a zone of saturation.
(H)
(1)
"Hazardous waste" means hazardous waste as defined in Chapter 3734. of the
Revised Code and includes waste that is listed specifically as hazardous waste
or exhibits one or more characteristics of hazardous waste as defined in
Chapter 3745-51 of the Administrative Code.
(2) "Health commissioner" means the
individual occupying the office created by section
3709.11 or
3709.14 of the Revised Code or
the health commissioner's authorized representative.
(3) "Health district" means a city or general
health district created by or under the authority of Chapter 3709. of the
Revised Code.
(I)
(1) "Incinerator" means any equipment,
machine, device, article, contrivance, structure, or part of a structure used
to burn solid waste or infectious waste to ash.
(2) "Independently audited" means reviewed by
an independent certified public accountant in accordance with generally
accepted accounting standards, or for a publicly-owned facility, an equivalent
comprehensive audit performed by the auditor of the state of Ohio pursuant to
Chapter 117. of the Revised Code.
(3) "Infectious waste" has the same meaning
as in section 3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
(4) "Infectious waste
handling area" means any area where infectious wastes are stored, loaded,
unloaded, prepared for treatment, or treated. Infectious waste handling areas
also include areas where vehicles or containers are decontaminated, areas where
transportation of infectious wastes within the facility premises occurs, and
areas where treated infectious wastes are unloaded, stored, and
loaded.
(5) "Infectious waste
treatment facility" or "treatment facility" means a premises used for the
treatment of infectious wastes and includes the following:
(a) A treatment facility that holds a license
issued under division (B) of section
3745.05 of the Revised
Code.
(b) A solid waste facility
that holds a license issued under division (A) of section
3734.05 of the Revised Code that
includes a license notation that the facility also treats infectious wastes by
the same method, technique, or process required to obtain a license under
division (B) of this section
3734.05 of the Revised
Code.
(c) A premises owned or
operated by a large generator of infectious waste where only infectious waste
generated by the large generator are treated.
(L)
(1)
"Leachate" means liquid that has come in contact with or been released from
solid waste.
(2)
"Legitimate recycling" has the same meaning as in
section 3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
(3)
"Legitimate recycling facility" has the same meaning as
in section 3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
[Comment: For the purposes of this
definition, records include logs detailing the incoming and outgoing materials
for the legitimate recycling facility.]
(4)
"Liabilities" means probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising
from present obligations to transfer assets or provide services to other
persons in the future as a result of past transactions or events.
(5)
"Licensing authority" means the approved board of health or in the absence of
an approved board of health, the director.
(N)
(1)
"Natural area" means any of the following:
(a)
Areas designated by the director of natural resources as a state nature
preserve, including all lands dedicated under the Ohio natural areas law, a
state wildlife area, or a state wild, scenic, or recreational river.
(b) Areas designated, owned, and managed by
the Ohio history connection as a nature preserve.
(c) Areas designated by the United States
department of the interior as a national wildlife refuge or a national wild,
scenic, or recreational river.
(d)
Areas designated by the United States forest service as either a special
interest area or a research natural area in the Wayne national
forest.
(e) Stream segments
designated by Ohio EPA as a state resource water, a coldwater habitat, or an
exceptional warmwater habitat.
(2) "Nuisance" means anything that is
injurious to human health or offensive to the senses; interferes with the
comfortable enjoyment of life or property; and affects a community,
neighborhood, or any considerable number of persons, although the extent of
annoyance or damage inflicted upon individual persons may be unequal.
(O)
(1) "Occupied dwelling" means the following,
but does not include a dwelling owned or controlled by the owner or operator of
a facility to which the siting criteria are being applied:
(a) A building used or intended to be used in
whole or in part as a personal residence by the owner, part-time owner, or
lessee of the building or any person authorized by the owner, part-time owner,
or lessee to use the building as a personal residence. For the purposes of this
definition, "owner" means a person with the right to exclusive use, control, or
possess a building.
(b) A place of
worship as defined in section
5104.01 of the Revised
Code.
(c) A child day-care center
as defined in section
5104.01 of the Revised
Code.
(d) A hospital as defined in
section 3727.01 of the Revised
Code.
(e) A nursing home as defined
in section 3721.01 of the Revised
Code.
(g) A restaurant or other eating
establishment.
(2)
"Occupied structure" means an enclosed structure where one or more human beings
may be present, but does not include structures that are open to natural free
air circulation such that the explosive gas hazard is minimized.
(3) "Ohio EPA" means Ohio environmental
protection agency.
(4) "One hundred
year floodplain" means any land area which is subject to a one per cent or
greater chance of flooding in any given year from any source.
(5) "Open burning" means one of the
following:
(a) The burning of solid wastes in
an open area.
(b) The burning of
solid wastes in a type of chamber or vessel that is not approved or authorized
in rules adopted by the director under section
3734.02 of the Revised Code or,
if the solid wastes consist of scrap tires, in rules adopted by the director
under section 3734.73 of the Revised
Code.
(6) "Open dumping"
means the following:
(a) The deposition of
solid wastes, other than scrap tires, into waters of the state, and also means
the final deposition of solid wastes on or into the ground at any place other
than the
following facilities operated in accordance with Chapter 3734. of the
Revised Code and rules adopted thereunder:
(i)
A solid waste
facility.
(ii)
A legitimate recycling facility.
(iii)
An advanced
recycling facility.
(b) The deposition of solid wastes that
consist of scrap tires into waters of the state, and also means the final
deposition of scrap tires on or into the ground at any place other than a scrap
tire collection, storage, monofill, monocell, or recovery facility licensed
under section 3734.81 of the Revised Code, or
at a site or in a manner not specifically identified in division (C)(2),
(C)(3), (C)(4), (C)(5), (C)(7), or (C)(10) of section
3734.85 of the Revised Code, or
at any licensed solid waste facility if the deposition is not in accordance
with Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code and rules adopted thereunder.
(c) The deposition of solid wastes that
consist of scrap tires in buildings, trailers, or other vehicles, unless for
fewer than fourteen days at a scrap tire transporter's registered business
location, a licensed scrap tire facility, or an unregistered scrap tire
facility operating in accordance with Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code and
rules adopted thereunder.
(d) The
deposition of untreated or treated infectious wastes into waters of the state,
and also means the final deposition of untreated or treated infectious wastes
on or into the ground at any place other than a licensed solid waste facility
operated in accordance with Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code and rules adopted
thereunder.
(7)
"Operator" or "facility operator" means either of the following:
(a) Any person who has supervisory authority
or the authority to make discretionary decisions concerning the construction,
operation, maintenance, or monitoring of a solid waste facility, infectious
waste treatment facility, or scrap tire transportation business.
(b) The same meaning as in rule
3745-400-01 of the
Administrative Code.
(8)
"Owner" means the person who holds title to the land on which the solid waste
facility, construction and demolition debris facility, construction and
demolition debris processing facility, infectious waste treatment facility, or
scrap tire transportation business is located.
(P)
(1)
"Parameter" means a measurable factor of a liquid, gas, or solid such as
temperature, pH, length, or elevation, and includes constituents of the liquid,
gas, or solid.
(2) "Park" means any
of the following:
(a) A state park established
or dedicated under Chapter 1541. of the Revised Code.
(b) A state park purchase area established
under section 1546.06 of the Revised
Code.
(c) A unit of the national
park system, or any property located in Ohio that lies within the boundaries of
a national park or recreation area, but that has not been acquired or is not
administered by the secretary of the United States department of the interior,
or any candidate area located in Ohio and identified for potential inclusion in
the national park system in the edition of the "national park system plan"
submitted under paragraph (b) of section 8 of "The Act of August 18, 1970," 84
Stat. 825, 16 U.S.C.A.
1a-5, as current on the date Ohio EPA
received the permit to install application.
(3) "Permitting authority" means the director
or the approved board of heath, as applicable.
(4) "Person" includes the state, any
political subdivision of the state or other state or local body, the United
States and any agency or instrumentality thereof, and any legal entity or
organization defined as a person under section
1.59 of the Revised Code, or
other entity.
(5) "Portable solid
waste container" or "portable container" means a container used for solid waste
transfer that is not part of the permanent structure of a transport vehicle,
can be removed from the transporting vehicle without compromising the
container's or the transporting vehicle's structural integrity, and can be
removed from the transporting vehicle without utilizing destructive measures.
Portable containers include trailers used to store and transport solid
wastes.
(6) "Premises" means either
of the following:
(a) Geographically
contiguous property owned by the same person.
(b) Noncontiguous property that is owned by
the same person and connected by a right-of-way that the person controls and to
which the public does not have access. Two or more pieces of property that are
geographically contiguous and divided by one or more public or private
right-of-way are a single premises.
(7)
"Processed tire"
or "processed scrap tire" means a scrap tire that has been altered through a
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or controlled combustion process so that the
resulting material is a marketable product or is suitable for storage or
disposal in a scrap tire monocell or monofill facility. Processed tires include
but is not limited to cut, split, and shredded tires. Baled tires are
considered processed tires only for the purpose of disposal at a scrap tire
monocell or monofill facility. For the purposes of disposal, processed tires
are classified in accordance with the following:
(a)
Processed tires
that are readily identifiable as scrap tires or pieces of scrap tires by visual
inspection are considered scrap tires.
(b)
Processed tires
that are not readily identifiable as scrap tires or pieces of scrap tires by
visual inspection when disposed are considered solid waste rather than scrap
tires, including but not limited to crumb rubber.
(c)
Items
manufactured from processed tires and scrap tire material that is a byproduct
of a manufacturing process when disposed are considered solid
waste.
(8) "Professional
engineer" means an individual authorized to practice the profession of
engineering pursuant to Chapter 4733. of the Revised Code.
(9)
"Professional surveyor" means an individual authorized to practice the
profession of surveying pursuant to Chapter 4733. of the Revised
Code.
(10) "Public water
supply well" means any well connected to a public water system as defined by
division (A) of section
6109.01 of the Revised
Code.
(R)
(1) "Recycling" means converting solid waste
that would otherwise be disposed and returning the converted material to
commerce as a commodity for use or exchange in an established and legitimate
market. Recycling is not reuse, storage, disposal, or transfer.
(2) "Registrant" means any person to whom a
registration has been issued.
(3)
"Regulatory floodplain" means an area covered by a one hundred year flood as
depicted on a flood insurance rate map published by the federal emergency
management agency.
(4) "Reuse"
means taking a solid waste that would otherwise be disposed and using it for
its original purpose or a similar purpose, without converting the material.
Reuse does not include using solid waste as fill. Reuse is not recycling,
storage, transfer, or disposal.
(S)
(1)
"Scrap tire" has the same meaning as in section
3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
(2) "Scrap tire facility"
includes but is not limited to a scrap tire collection facility, scrap tire
storage facility, scrap tire recovery facility, scrap tire monofill facility,
and scrap tire monocell facility.
(3) "Scrap tire recovery facility" means any
site, location, tract of land, installation, or building that is used or
intended to be used for the processing of scrap tires for the purpose of
extracting or producing usable products or materials, or energy from the scrap
tires. Methods of processing include controlled combustion processes,
mechanical processes, thermal processes, or chemical processes that uses whole,
split, or shredded scrap tires as a raw material. A scrap tire recovery
facility includes the following:
(a) "Class I
scrap tire recovery facility" means a scrap tire recovery facility with a
permitted daily design input capacity of two hundred tons of scrap tires or
greater.
(b) "Class II scrap tire
recovery facility" means a scrap tire recovery facility with a registered daily
design input capacity of less than two hundred tons of scrap tires.
(c) "Mobile scrap tire recovery facility"
means a type of scrap tire recovery facility consisting of portable equipment
that is designed by the manufacturer for regular movement from one site to
another and is used for processing tires into a usable product, and
specifically includes any tire cutting, baling, or shredding equipment. Mobile
equipment used to process scrap tires into a usable product by the owner or
operator of a licensed class I or class II scrap tire recovery facility in Ohio
is not required to become a licensed and registered mobile scrap tire recovery
facility. Mobile equipment used to reduce the size of scrap tires for load
consolidation is not considered a mobile scrap tire recovery facility.
(4) "Solid waste" has the same meaning as in
section 3734.01 of the Revised
Code.
(5) "Solid waste disposal
facility" means any site, location, tract of land, installation, or building
used for incineration, composting, sanitary landfilling, or other approved
methods of disposal of solid wastes.
(6) "Solid waste energy recovery facility"
means any site, location, tract of land, installation, or building where mixed
solid waste or select solid waste streams, including scrap tires, is used as or
intends to be used a fuel to produce energy, heat, or steam. A solid waste
energy recovery facility includes the waste handling area, and the energy
recovery unit and associated equipment.
(7) "Solid waste facility" means a site,
location, tract of land, installation, or building used for incineration,
composting, sanitary landfilling, or other methods of disposal of solid wastes
or, if the solid wastes consist of scrap tires, for collection, storage, or
processing of the solid wastes; or for the transfer of solid wastes.
(8) "Solid waste incinerator facility" means
any site, location, tract of land, installation, or building where incineration
of solid waste occurs. A solid waste incinerator facility includes the waste
handling area, and the incinerator and associated equipment.
(9) "Solid waste landfill" means an
engineered facility where the final deposition of solid waste on or into the
ground is practiced in accordance with Chapter 3745-27 or 3745-30 as appropriate and 3745-37 of
the Administrative Code and includes the units within the limits of waste
placement;
all ground water monitoring and control system structures; buildings; explosive gas
monitoring, control, and extraction system structures; surface water
run-on and runoff control structures; sedimentation ponds; liner
systems; and
leachate management system structures. The solid waste landfill includes all
portions of the facility described above and those areas within three hundred
feet of the limits of waste placement unless an alternate setback is deemed
acceptable by the director. If the owner or operator has not obtained approval
of a permit to install, which delineates the setback from the limits of waste
placement, submitted in accordance with section
3734.05 of the Revised Code, the
solid waste landfill includes all portions of the facility described above and
those areas within three hundred feet of the limits of waste placement unless
the property line of the facility is less than three hundred feet from the
limits of waste placement, in which case the solid waste landfill includes
those areas within the property line.
(10) "Solid waste management district" means
a county that has established a resolution, or joint counties that have entered
into an agreement, for the purposes of preparing, adopting, submitting, and
implementing a solid waste management plan for the county or joint counties and
for the purposes of providing for, or causing to be provided for, the safe and
sanitary management of solid waste within all of the incorporated and
unincorporated territory of the county or joint counties and in compliance with
Chapters 343. and 3734. of the Revised Code.
(11) "Solid waste transfer facility" means
any site, location, tract of land, installation, or building that is used or
intended to be used primarily for the purpose of transferring solid wastes that
are generated off the premises of the facility from vehicles or containers into
other vehicles or containers for transportation to a solid waste disposal
facility. The term does not include the following:
(a) Any facility that consists solely of
portable containers that have an aggregate volume of fifty cubic yards or less,
as long as the waste is not placed on the ground or on the waste handling
floor.
(b) Any facility that
accepts only source-separated recyclables or commingled recyclables that are
currently recoverable utilizing existing technology.
(c)
A legitimate recycling facility.
(d)
An advanced recycling facility.
(e) A
facility identified as any of the following:
(i) A solid waste disposal facility used for
incineration or sanitary landfilling, including where the acceptance,
unloading, processing, loading, and transport of solid waste for disposal are
conducted within the boundary of the solid waste disposal facility.
(ii) A scrap tire collection, storage,
recovery, monocell, or monofill facility operating in accordance with Chapter
3734. of the Revised Code and rules adopted thereunder.
(iii) A construction and demolition debris
facility operating in accordance with Chapter 3714. of the Revised Code and
rules adopted thereunder where the operator has removed unauthorized solid
waste from loads of C&DD for transport and management in accordance with
Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code.
(12) "Source-separated yard waste" means yard
waste that has been separated from other solid waste at the point of generation
or at the point of collection. Source separation includes but is not limited to
such measures as placing yard waste in portable containers and compartments of
portable containers dedicated to yard waste collection, and in vehicles
dedicated to yard waste collection.
(13) "Surface water" means any water on the
surface of the earth.
(T)
(1)
"Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material" or "TENORM"
has the same meaning as in section
3748.01 of the Revised
Code.
(2) "Tire derived fuel",
"TDF", "tire derived chips", "tire chips" or "TDC" means a uniformly shredded
product obtained from whole tires where the maximum size of ninety-five per
cent of the shreds are less than four inches in any dimension. Tire chips is
defined using the ASTM "Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil
Engineering Applications," (D6270-20), section 3.2.10, and consists of pieces
of scrap tires that have a basic geometrical shape, are between 12 mm (0.5
inch) and 50 mm (2 inch) in size, and have most of the wire removed. TDF and
TDC are not scrap tires once the material has been transported from the scrap
tire recovery facility for use as a fuel or for an authorized beneficial
use.
(V) "Variance" means an
action of the director that changes a requirement of a rule adopted under
Chapter 3734. of the Revised Code.
(W)
(1)
"Water pollution" means the unpermitted release of sediment from disturbed
areas, solid waste or waste-derived constituents, or leachate to the waters of
the state.
(2) "Waters of the
state" means all streams, lakes, ponds, marshes, watercourses, waterways,
wells, springs, irrigation systems, drainage systems, and all other bodies or
accumulations of water, surface and underground, natural or artificial,
regardless of the depth of the strata in which underground water is located,
that are situated wholly or partly within, or border upon, this state, or are
within its jurisdiction, except those private waters that do not combine or
effect a junction with natural surface or underground waters.
(3) "Water supply well" includes potable and
non-potable water supply wells.
(4)
"Wetland" has the same meaning as in rule
3745-1-02 of the Administrative
Code.
(5) "Working face" means that
portion of a solid waste landfill where solid wastes are unloaded for final
deposition.
(Y) "Yard waste" means
solid waste that includes the following:
(4) Tree trunks and stumps.
(5) Prunings from trees or shrubs.
(6) Any plant materials from residential
trees and edible gardens.
(7)
Decorative plant materials that do not contain plastic, metal, polystyrene, or
other non-compostable material including but not limited to any of the
following:
(d) Discarded or potted flowers.
(f) Grave blankets.
Yard waste does not include materials from industrial
processing, agricultural processing, or food processing.
(Z) "Zone of
saturation" or "saturated zone" means that part of the earth's crust in which
all voids are filled with water. Zone of saturation or saturated zone does not
include the capillary zone.