In addition to the applicable rules in this chapter and Chapter
3701:1-38 of the Administrative Code, handlers of radiographic systems
will
comply with the following:
(A)
Radiographic systems will meet the following equipment standards:
(1) A lock designed to prevent unauthorized
or accidental production of ionizing radiation will be
provided.
(2) A readily visible
warning light, labeled with the words "X-RAY ON" or words or symbols having a
similar intent, will be located on or near the x-ray source and its
controls and will be illuminated when the x-ray source is
energized.
(3) All radiographic
systems will be labeled with a readily discernible sign or
signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words:
(a) "CAUTION - HIGH INTENSITY X-RAY BEAM," or
appropriate words having a similar intent, on or near the x-ray source housing;
and
(b) "CAUTION - THIS EQUIPMENT
PRODUCES RADIATION WHEN ENERGIZED," or appropriate words having a similar
intent, near any switch or control that directly energizes the unit.
(4) Permanent radiographic
installations will be equipped with the following:
(a) Failsafe interlocks at each entrance used
for personnel access to the high radiation area;
(b) A visible signal that is activated when
radiation is produced; and
(c) An
audible signal that is activated when an attempt is made to enter the high
radiation area while radiation is being produced.
(5) The exposure switch of hand-held
radiographic systems will meet the following:
(a) The switch will be of the
"dead-man" type;
(b) The operator
will be
able to terminate the exposure at any time during an exposure of greater than
one-half second; and
(c) It
will not
be possible to make an exposure when the timer is set to "zero" or "off"
position if either position is provided.
(B) Handlers of radiographic systems
will
comply with the following radiation safety obligations:
(1)
Sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments
will be
maintained to make physical radiation surveys as obligated by
this rule and rule
3701:1-38-14 of the
Administrative Code. Radiation survey instruments obligated by
this rule will have a range such that 0.2 millisievert (two
millirem) per hour through 0.01 sievert (one rem) per hour can be
measured.
(2) Radiation area
surveys will be performed and the results recorded to confirm
compliance with paragraph (A) of rule
3701:1-38-14 of the
Administrative Code in accordance with the following:
(a) Upon installation
;
(b) After any changes in shielding or the
radiographic system that is part of permanent radiographic installation;
and
(c) Each time the radiographic
system has been moved to an area that has yet to be evaluated for radiation
levels at temporary job sites.
(3) A physical radiation survey
will be
made after each radiographic exposure to verify that the radiation-generating
equipment is not still producing radiation unless:
(a) Personnel devices providing an audible
signal when activated by radiation and proper operation of the audible
detection device is check and recorded daily;
(i) The audible device
will be
designed so as to clearly indicate entry into a 0.02 mSv (two mrem) per hour or
greater radiation field; and
(ii)
All personnel working with the radiation-generating equipment
will be
provided with such a device; or
(b) Stationary area monitors providing an
audible signal when activated by radiation will be acceptable and proper
operation of the stationary detection device is checked and recorded daily;
(i) The stationary device
will be
designed so as to clearly indicate entry into a 0.02 mSv (two mrem) per hour or
greater radiation field; and
(ii)
Stationary area monitors will be evaluated annually to
verify that the audible signal
activates in a 0.02 mSv (two mrem) per hour radiation
field.
(4) A utilization log
will be
maintained between inspections showing the following information for each
radiographic system used:
(a) Manufacturer,
model number, and serial number;
(b) Locations and dates of use;
(c) Operating voltage, tube current, and
exposure time for each radiographic exposure; and
(d) Identity of the operator.
(5) Operating and emergency procedures
will
include instructions in at least the following:
(a) Inspection, maintenance and operability
checks of radiographic systems and radiation survey instruments;
(b) Minimizing additional exposure of
individuals in the event of an accident;
(c) Notifying proper personnel in the event
of an accident; and
(d) Identifying
and reporting defects and noncompliance according to the
obligations of rule
3701:1-38-23 of the
Administrative Code, involving:
(i) The
failure of any component, which is critical to safe operation of the device to
properly perform its intended function;
(ii) The failure of an indicator on
non-medical radiation-generating equipment to show that radiation is being
produced;
(iii) The failure of an
exposure switch to terminate production of radiation when turned to the off
position; or
(iv) The failure of a
safety interlock to terminate x-ray production.
(6) At least two qualified individuals
will be
present at a temporary job site when a radiographic system is being used. At
least one of the individuals will be the radiographer to whom the radiographic
system is assigned and the other individual will be either a
radiographer or a radiographer's assistant.
(7) No individual other than a radiographer
or a radiographer's assistant who is under the personal supervision of a
radiographer will manipulate controls or operate equipment used in
radiographic operations. The personal supervision will include:
(a) The radiographer's physical presence at
the site where the radiographic system is being used;
(b) The availability of the radiographer to
give immediate assistance if obligated; and
(c) The radiographer's direct observation of
the radiographer's assistant's performance of the operations referred to in
this rule.
(8) The
handler will not permit any individual to act as a
radiographer or as a radiographer's assistant unless, at all times during
radiographic operations, each such individual wears, on the trunk of the body,
an appropriate direct reading dosimeter and a personnel dosimeter. Analog
pocket dosimeters will be recharged at the start of each shift.
Electronic dosimeters will be
battery-tested at the beginning of each shift. Each personnel dosimeter
will be
assigned to and worn by only one individual and the handler
will
assure that:
(a) Direct reading dosimeters are
read and exposures are recorded at the beginning and end of each
shift.
(b) If an individual's
pocket dosimeter is found to be off-scale, or the electronic personnel
dosimeter reads greater than two millisieverts (two hundred mrem), the
individual's personnel dosimeter will be sent for processing within twenty-four hours.
In addition, the individual will not resume work associated with the use of x-ray
sources until a determination of the individual's radiation exposure has been
made. This determination will be made by the individual responsible for
radiation protection (IRRP) or the IRRP's designee and the results of this
determination will be recorded.
(9) The handler will not permit
any individual to perform radiographic operations unless, at all times during
radiographic operations, each such individual wears, on the trunk of the body,
a personnel monitoring device that will be
calibrated for the x-ray energies being utilized.
(a) Personnel dosimeters
will be
exchanged monthly unless the IRRP has performed an evaluation that indicates a
longer frequency is adequate; in this instance the frequency
will not
exceed three months.
(b) If a
personnel dosimeter is lost or damaged, the worker will cease work
immediately until a replacement personnel dosimeter is provided and the
exposure is calculated for the time period from issuance to loss or damage of
the personnel dosimeter. This calculation will be made by
the IRRP or the IRRP's designee. The results of the calculated exposure and the
time period for which the personnel dosimeter was lost or damaged
will be
recorded.
(i) After replacement, each
personnel dosimeter will be returned to the supplier for processing within
fourteen calendar days of the end of the monitoring period; or
(ii) In circumstances that make it impossible
to return each personnel dosimeter in fourteen calendar days, such
circumstances will be recorded.
(10) During each radiographic operation, the
radiographer, radiographer's assistant or operator will maintain
surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a high
radiation area, except:
(a) When the high
radiation area is equipped with interlocks and signals as described in
paragraph (A)(4) of this rule; or
(b) When the high radiation area is locked to
protect against unauthorized or accidental entry.
(11) When performing radiographic operations
at a location other than a permanent radiographic installation having the
control devices specified in paragraph (B)(10) of this rule, the industrial
radiographer will be responsible for:
(a) Posting signs bearing the radiation
symbol and the words "CAUTION HIGH RADIATION AREA" at the perimeter of the
calculated high radiation area;
(b)
Restricting access by using appropriate barriers, such as rope or tape, and
posting signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words "CAUTION RADIATION
AREA" at the perimeter of the restricted area; and
(c) Maintaining constant visual surveillance
of the restricted area boundary to prevent access by unauthorized
personnel.
(C) In addition to the
radiation protection
obligations in rule
3701:1-68-02 of the
Administrative Code, handlers of radiographic
systems
will comply with the following
:
(1) Radiation survey instrumentation
described in paragraph (B)(1) of this rule will be checked
and the results recorded at the beginning of each work shift using check
sources or other appropriate means to ensure it is operating accurately. If any
check conducted reveals the radiation survey instrumentation is not operating
accurately, the instrument will not be used to meet the survey
obligations of paragraph (B)(2) of this
rule.
(2) Radiographic systems
will be
checked and the results recorded prior to each shift of use to ensure all
necessary labeling is present and identify any obvious
defects. If any check conducted reveals damage to components critical to
radiation safety, the device will be locked out and tagged "DO NOT USE" until
repairs have been made.
(3)
Entrance interlocks and signals described in paragraph (A)(4) of this rule,
will be
tested and the results recorded at the beginning of each day of equipment use
to ensure proper operation. If an entrance interlock or signal is operating
improperly, it will be immediately labeled as defective and repaired
or replaced within seven calendar days. The facility may continue operations
during this seven-day period, provided the handler implements the continuous
surveillance obligations of this rule.
(4) The following documents and records
will be
available for inspection at each temporary job site:
(a) Appropriate certificate of
registration;
(b) Operating and
emergency procedures;
(c)
Applicable rules promulgated pursuant to Chapter 3748. of the Revised
Code;
(d) Surveys
obligated pursuant to this rule and rule
3701:1-38-14 of the
Administrative Code for the period of operation at the site;
(e) Daily dosimetry for the period of
operation at the site;
(f) The latest calibration records for the
specific survey instruments and direct reading dosimeters in use at the site.
Acceptable records include tags or labels which are affixed to the survey
instrument or dosimeter; and
(g)
Radiation survey instrumentation checks and radiographic system checks for
devices in use at the site.
(D) Handlers of radiographic
systems used for bomb detection purposes:
(1)
Will be
exempt from paragraphs (B)(1) to (B)(3), (B)(6) to (B)(11), (C)(1) to (C)(3)
and (C)(4)(d) to (C)(4)(g) of this rule.
(2) May change the interval for calibrating
radiation survey instruments as specified in paragraph (B)(1)(b) of rule
3701:1-68-02 of the
Administrative Code to annual; and
(3)
Will evaluate
radiographic systems and record the results of the evaluations, at least
annually, to assure proper functioning of components important to safety unless
the radiation-generating equipment has been locked out and tagged "DO NOT USE"
and is under the administrative control of the IRRP.
(E) Handlers of hand-held radiographic
systems will:
(1) Be exempt
from paragraphs (B)(1) to (B)(3), (B)(6) to (B)(11), (C)(1) to (C)(3) and
(C)(4)(d) to (C)(4)(g) of this rule.
(2) Evaluate the radiographic systems and
record the results of the evaluation, at least annually, to assure proper
functioning of components important to safety unless the radiation-generating
equipment has been locked out and tagged "DO NOT USE" and is under the
administrative control of the IRRP.
(3)
Obligate the
IRRP to document and implement safe operating procedures to include, but not be
limited to:
(a) Using specific administrative
controls to prevent unauthorized access or use of the system;
(b) Requiring the backscatter shield to be in
place during all radiographic exposures, if the manufacturer of the hand-held
radiation-generating equipment provides a backscatter shield; and
(c) Assuring that the system remains in
direct control of the authorized operator and the operator will not aim the
primary beam at him/herself or at any individual during exposure;
(d) Establishing and maintaining a restricted
area of at least six feet opposite the side of the material being
exposed;
(e)
Banning individuals from holding material or the image
receptor in their hand during exposure;
(f) Operating of software and trigger lock;
and
(g) Requiring operators to wear
assigned ring badges on the hand closest to the primary beam.