Current through all regulations passed and filed through March 18, 2024
(A) Definitions for the purpose of this rule:
(1) "Ambient dose equivalent area product
(ADAP)" shall be determined using the american
national
standards
institute
publication "ANSI/HPS N 43.17 -2009 Radiation Safety for Personnel
Security Screening Systems Using X-Ray or Gamma Radiation."
(2) "Interlock" means a device preventing the
start or continued operation of equipment that could cause a radiation
hazard.
(3) "Mode of operation"
means a selectable set of technique factors or machine settings that is
pre-determined by the manufacturer for a specific purpose.
(4) "Scan" means the operation necessary to
produce one image (e.g., front view) from one radiation source. One radiation
source simultaneously producing multiple images also constitutes one scan. Two
sources simultaneously producing two images constitute two scans. In some cases
several scans may be required for a single screening of the subject.
(5) "Screening" means the sum of radiation
exposures or scans necessary to image objects concealed on all sides of the
body as intended by the system design under normal conditions:
(a) For backscatter systems a screening
typically consists of four scans, one from each side.
(b) For transmission systems a screening
typically consists of one scan.
(c)
For portal systems a screening consists of a complete pass through the
inspection zone.
(6)
"Security screening system" means radiation-generating equipment used for the
sole purpose of screening an individual who is in custody of a law enforcement
agency to identify contraband items that would present a security threat within
a secured facility perimeter.
(7)
"Technique factors" means the x-ray settings including:
(a) The peak kilovoltage applied to the x-ray
tube;
(b) The electric current
passing through the x-ray tube; and
(c) The scan time.
(B) Security screening systems
shall meet the following equipment standards:
(1) Indicators that light only when a scan is
in process shall be provided and clearly visible to all security screening
system operators and anyone approaching the restricted area;
(2) Power to the system shall be controlled
by a key switch;
(3) A
device to terminate x-ray exposure at any time during a scan;
(4)
Access panels to x-ray source and detector shall be provided with at least one
safety interlock;
(5)
Operational safety interlocks must terminate the x-ray exposure in the event of
any system problem that could result in abnormal or unintended radiation
emission;
(6)
Following any premature termination, the security screening system must
prohibit resumption of x-ray generation until the normal control sequence is
reset for a new scan;
(7)
Equipment designed to control the exposure output using multiple modes of
operation shall indicate the selected mode prior to each scan;
(8) Technique factors may not be adjustable
and shall be preset by the manufacturer for each mode of operation;
(9) A means shall be provided to terminate
the exposure at a preset time interval or exposure;
(10) When the x-ray tube is operated at its
maximum rated tube current for the maximum kilovoltage, the leakage dose shall
not be greater than 2.5 microsievert ( 0.25 millirem) in any one hour at any
point thirty centimeters from any external surface; and
(11) The primary x-ray beam shall be
attenuated by at least one millimeter of aluminum- equivalent total
filtration.
(C) Handlers
of security screening systems shall comply with the following administrative
and radiation safety requirements:
(1) No
individual shall be exposed to the useful beam unless authorized by a law
enforcement agency for security benefit;
(2)
No individual
shall be exposed to the useful beam for demonstration or frivolous
purpose;
(3) The individual responsible for radiation
protection shall ensure that all operators are trained in the safe operation of
the security screening systems;
(4) Any
radiation-generating equipment that does not meet the provisions set forth in
this rule shall not be used to irradiate individuals unless the director
determines that the continued use will not pose a radiation risk and
arrangements have been made to promptly correct the deficiency;
(5)
The handler shall follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance
schedule;
(6)
Radiation-generating equipment shall bear a warning label on the control panel
or by the exposure switch which cautions individuals that radiation is produced
when it is energized; and
(7) All position
locking, holding, and centering devices on radiation-generating equipment
components shall function as designed by the manufacturer.
(D) Handlers of security screening systems
shall comply with the requirements of rule
3701:1-66-04
of the Administrative Code, except for paragraphs (B)(8), (B)(15),
(B) (17), (B)(18)(e) and (C)
. In addition, the written
quality assurance program shall include the following:
(1) Policy prohibiting the frivolous use of
security screening systems where no security benefit is to be derived;
(2) Policy requiring individuals undergoing
screening to be positioned facing away from the source of radiation when using
transmission security screening systems;
(3) Policy prohibiting the exposure of
pregnant individuals;
(4)
Policy prohibiting the exposure of minors;
(5) Policy that operator training must follow
the topics listed in the "Personnel Training" section of the
american
national
standards
institute
publication "ANSI/HPS N 43.17 -2009 Radiation Safety for Personnel Security
Screening Systems Using X-Ray or Gamma Radiation;"
(6) For general-use full-body security
screening systems capable of delivering a maximum effective dose
equivalent less than or equal to 0.1 microsievert
(ten microrem) per scan: policies and records to show that administrative
controls are applied to limit the number of screenings received by any
individual such that the reference effective dose equivalent shall not exceed:
(a)0.25 microseivert (twenty-five
microrem) per screening; and
(b)
Two hundred fifty microsievert (twenty- five
millirem) over any twelve month period;
(7) For limited-use full-body security
screening systems capable of delivering a maximum effective dose
equivalent greater than 0.1 microsievert (ten
microrem) per scan: policies and records to show that administrative controls
are applied to limit the number of screenings received by any individual such
that the reference effective dose equivalent
shall not exceed:
(a) Ten microsievert (one
millirem) per screening; and
(b)
Two hundred fifty microsievert (twenty- five
millirem) over any twelve month period;
(8) For general-use partial-body security
imaging systems capable of delivering a maximum effective dose
equivalent less than or equal to 0.1 microsievert
(ten microrem) per scan: policies and records to show that administrative
controls will be applied to limit the number of screenings received by any
individual, such that:
(a) The ADAP shall not
exceed 0.03 microsievert per square meter (three microrem per square meter) per
scan; and
(b) The total number of
scans received at the facility in a twelve month period
shall not
exceed N, where N = seventy- five microsievert
per square meter per ADAP (seven thousand five hundred microrem per square
meter per ADAP);
(9) For limited-use partial-body security
imaging systems capable of delivering a maximum effective dose
equivalent greater than 0.1 microsievert (ten
microrem) per scan: policies and records to show that administrative controls
will be applied to limit the number of screenings received by any individual,
such that:
(a) The ADAP shall not exceed three
microsievert per square meter (three hundred microrem per square meter) per
scan; and
(b) The total number of
scans received at the facility in a twelve month period
shall not
exceed N, where N = seventy- five microsievert
per square meter per ADAP (seven thousand five hundred microrem per square
meter per ADAP).
(E) Facility, design, shielding and
restricted area requirements:
(1) A clearly
marked restricted area shall be established. The dose outside of the restricted
area shall
not exceed twenty microseivert (two millirem) in any one hour;
(2) A means shall be provided for the
operator responsible for initiating the scan to maintain a full visual
surveillance of the screening and restricted area; and
(3) Engineering or administrative controls
shall be provided to ensure that individuals do not reenter the scanning area
from the exit while x-rays are being produced.
(F)
A
health physicist, a radiation expert or a qualified individual designated by a
radiation expert shall use the american national standards institute
publication "ANSI/HPS N 43.17 -2009 Radiation Safety for Personnel Security
Screening Systems Using X-ray or Gamma Radiation" to determine reference dose
equivalent limits, as specified in paragraphs (D)(6) and (D)(7) of this rule,
and ADAP, as specified in paragraphs (D)(8) and (D)(9) of this rule, as
follows:
(1) Upon
installation;
(2) Annually;
and
(3) After any maintenance or
change that may affect the reference effective dose or ADAP.
(G) Screening systems capable of
delivering an effective dose equivalent greater
than ten microsievert (one millirem) per scan shall not be used for non-medical
screening of human beings for security purposes.