Current through Register Vol. 39, No. 6, September 16, 2024
(a) For the purposes of this Rule, the
definitions listed in this Paragraph and
15A NCAC
02D .0101 and
02D .0902 shall apply.
(1) "Composite partial vapor pressure" means
the sum of the partial pressure of the compounds defined as volatile organic
compounds. Volatile organic compounds composite partial vapor pressure is
calculated as follows:
#North
Carolina Register Volume 38, Issue 11, December 1, 2023#
Where:
Wi = Weight of the "i" volatile organic compound, in
grams
Ww = Weight of water, in grams
Wc = Weight of exempt compound, in grams
MWi = Molecular weight of the "i" volatile organic
compound, in g/g-mole
MWw = Molecular weight of water, in g/g-mole
MWc = Molecular weight of exempt compound, in
g/g-mole
PPc = Volatile organic compounds composite partial vapor
pressure at 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit), in mm Hg
VPi = Vapor pressure of the "i" volatile organic compound
at 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit), in mm Hg
(2) "First installation date" means the
actual date when this control device becomes operational. This date does not
change if the control device is later redirected to a new press.
(3) "Fountain solution" means water-based
solution that applies to lithographic plate to render the non-image areas
unreceptive to the ink.
(4)
"Heatset" means any operation in which heat is required to evaporate ink oils
from the printing ink, excluding ultraviolet (UV) curing, electron beam curing,
and infrared drying.
(5)
"Letterpress printing" means a printing process in which the image area is
raised relative to the non-image area and the paste ink is transferred to the
substrate directly from the image surface.
(6) "Non-heatset," also referred to as
"coldset," means a lithographic printing process where the printing inks are
set by absorption or oxidation of the ink oil, not by evaporation of the ink
oils in a dryer. For the purposes of this Rule, use of an infrared heater or
printing conducted using ultraviolet-cured or electron beam-cured inks is
considered non-heatset.
(7) "Offset
lithography" means a printing process that uses sheet-fed or web method of
press feeding and transfers ink from the lithographic plate to a rubber-covered
intermediate "blanket" cylinder and then from the blanket cylinder to the
substrate.
(8) "Press" means a
printing production assembly composed of one or more units used to produce a
printed substrate including any associated coating, spray powder application,
heatset web dryer, ultraviolet or electron beam curing units, or infrared
heating units.
(9) "Sheet-fed
printing" means offset lithographic printing when individual sheets of paper or
other substrate are fed to the press.
(10) "Web printing" means offset lithographic
printing when continuous rolls of substrate material are fed to the press and
rewound or cut to size after printing.
(b) This Rule applies to any offset
lithographic and any letterpress printing operations sources that are not
covered by
15A NCAC
02D .0966(c)(1) and whose
emissions of volatile organic compounds exceed:
(1) the threshold established in
15A NCAC
02D .0902(b) and (f);
or
(2) an equivalent level of three
tons per 12-consecutive month rolling period.
(c) Volatile organic compounds content in the
fountain solution for on-press (as-applied) heatset web offset lithographic
printing shall meet one of the following requirements or the owner or operator
may demonstrate a different method that achieves an equivalent or greater level
of control to those listed in Subparagraphs (1) through (3) of this Paragraph,
as determined in permit conditions:
(1)
contain 1.6 percent alcohol or less, by weight, as applied, in the fountain
solution:
(2) contain three percent
alcohol or less, by weight, on-press (as-applied) in the fountain solution if
the fountain solution is refrigerated to below 60 degrees Fahrenheit;
or
(3) contain five percent alcohol
substitute or less, by weight, on-press (as-applied) and no alcohol in the
fountain solution.
(d)
Volatile organic compounds content in the fountain solution for on-press
(as-applied) sheet-fed lithographic printing shall meet one of the following
requirements or the owner or operator may demonstrate a different method that
achieves an equivalent or greater level of control to those listed in
Subparagraphs (1) through (3) of this Paragraph, as determined in permit
conditions:
(1) contain five percent alcohol
or less, by weight, on-press (as-applied) in the fountain solution;
(2) contain 8.5 percent alcohol or less, by
weight, on-press (as-applied) in the fountain solution if the fountain solution
is refrigerated to below 60 degrees Fahrenheit; or
(3) contain five percent alcohol substitute
or less, by weight, on-press (as-applied) and no alcohol in the fountain
solution.
(e) Volatile
organic compounds content in emissions from fountain solution from non-heatset
web offset lithographic printing shall not exceed five percent alcohol
substitute (by weight) on-press (as-applied) and contain no alcohol in the
fountain solution.
(f) An owner or
operator of an individual web offset lithographic printing press dryer or
letterpress-printing heatset press subject to this Rule that has potential
emissions of 25 or more tons per year of volatile organic compounds shall:
(1) use an enforceable limitation on
potential emissions to keep individual heatset press below 25 tons per year
potential to emit volatile organic compounds (petroleum ink oil) threshold,
which shall be achieved by using inks and coatings that contain less than 31.25
tons per year volatile organic compound (petroleum ink oil) where 20 percent
retention factor of petroleum ink oil applies, or by using other methods
established by permit conditions; or
(2) use an add-on control system that meets
one of the following requirements:
(A) reduces
volatile organic compounds emissions from each dryer by at least 90 percent
volatile organic compounds emissions control efficiency established by
procedures defined in Paragraph (h) of this Rule for a control device from
heatset dryers whose first installation date was prior to July 1, 2010, at
facilities with potential to emit 100 tons or more of volatile organic
compounds per year;
(B) reduces
volatile organic compounds emissions from each dryer by at least 90 percent
volatile organic compounds emissions control efficiency established by
procedures defined in Paragraph (h) of this Rule for a control device from
heatset dryers whose first installation date was prior to May 1, 2013, at
facilities with potential to emit less than 100 tons of volatile organic
compounds per year;
(C) reduces
volatile organic compounds emissions from each dryer by at least 95 percent
volatile organic compounds emissions control efficiency established by
procedures defined in Paragraph (h) of this Rule for a control device from
heatset dryers whose first installation date was on or after July 1, 2010, at
facilities with potential to emit 100 tons or more of volatile organic
compounds per year;
(D) reduces
volatile organic compounds emissions from each dryer by at least 95 percent
volatile organic compounds emissions control efficiency established by
procedures defined in Paragraph (h) of this Rule for a control device from
heatset dryers whose first installation date was on or after May 1, 2013, at
facilities with potential to emit less than 100 tons of volatile organic
compounds per year; or
(E)
maintains a maximum volatile organic compounds outlet concentration of 20 parts
per million by volume (ppmv), as hexane
(C6H14) on a dry basis.
(g) The control limits
established in:
(1) Paragraphs (c), (d), and
(e) of this Rule shall not be applied to any press with total fountain solution
reservoir of less than one gallon;
(2) Paragraph (d) of this Rule shall not be
applied to sheet-fed presses with maximum sheet size 11x 17 inches or smaller;
and
(3) Subparagraph (f)(2) of this
Rule shall not be applied to a heatset press used for book printing, or to a
heatset press with maximum web width of 22 inches or less.
(h) If the owner or operator of a printing
press is required by permit conditions to determine:
(1) the volatile organic compounds content,
Method 24 of Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 60 or approved alternative methods
pursuant to
15A NCAC
02D .2602(h) shall be used;
and
(2) the control efficiency by
measuring volatile organic compounds at the control device inlet and outlet,
Methods 18, 25, or 25A of Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 60 , or approved
alternative methods pursuant to
15A NCAC
02D .2602(h) shall be
used.
(i) All test
methods defined in Paragraph (h) of this Rule shall be conducted at typical
operating conditions and flow rates using the same day-to-day production prior
to the test to ensure that the test results are representative of routine
operations.
(j) The owner or
operator of any facility subject to this Rule shall demonstrate compliance with
RACT applicability requirements by calculating volatile organic compounds
emissions and keep records of the basis of the calculations required by
15A NCAC
02D .0605 and
02D .0903. Volatile organic
compounds emissions from offset lithographic printing and letterpress printing
shall be determined by permit condition requirements or by using the following
retention and capture efficiency factors:
(1)
the retention factors are:
(A) 20 percent for
heatset petroleum ink oils;
(B) 100
percent for heatset vegetable ink oils;
(C) 95 percent for sheet-fed and coldset web
petroleum ink oils; and
(D) 100
percent for sheet-fed and coldset web vegetable ink oils.
(2) the retention factor is 50 percent for
low volatile organic compounds composite vapor pressure cleaning materials in
shop towels where:
(A) volatile organic
compounds composite vapor pressure of the cleaning material is less than 10 mm
Hg at 20 degrees Celsius; and
(B)
cleaning materials and used shop towels are kept in closed
containers.
(3) carryover
(capture) factors of volatile organic compounds from automatic blanket wash and
fountain solution to offset lithographic heatset dryers are:
(A) 40 percent VOC carryover (capture) factor
for automatic blanket washing when the volatile organic compounds composite
vapor pressure of the cleaning material is less than 10mm Hg at 20 degrees
Celsius.
(B) 70 percent VOC
carryover (capture) factor for alcohol substitutes in fountain
solution.
(4) capture
efficiency for volatile organic compounds (petroleum ink oils) from oil-based
paste inks and oil-based paste varnishes (coatings) in heatset web offset
lithographic presses and heatset web letterpress presses shall be demonstrated
by showing that the dryer is operating at negative pressure relative to the
surrounding pressroom. As long as the dryer is operated at negative pressure,
the capture efficiency for VOC from the heatset lithographic inks and varnishes
(coatings) formulated with low volatility ink oils is 100 percent of the VOC
(ink oils) volatilized in the dryer. Capture efficiency test is not required in
this situation.
(k)
Except as specified in this Paragraph, all cleaning materials used for cleaning
a press, press parts, or to remove dried ink from areas around the press shall
meet one of the following requirements:
(1)
the volatile organic compounds content shall be less than 70 percent by weight;
or
(2) composite partial vapor
pressure of volatile organic compounds shall be less than 10 mm Hg at 20
degrees Celsius.
No more than 110 gallons per year of cleaning materials
that do not meet the requirements of Subparagraph (k)(1) or (k)(2) of this Rule
shall be used during any 12 consecutive months.
(l) The owner or operator of any facility
subject to this Rule shall maintain the following records for a minimum of five
years:
(1) parametric monitoring for processes
and control devices as determined and at the frequency specified in the permit
or by Paragraph (f) of this Rule;
(2) the total amount of each individual or
class of fountain solution and ink used monthly for the printing operations and
the percentage of volatile organic compounds, alcohol, and alcohol substitute
as applied in it;
(3) the total
amount of each individual or class of cleaning solutions used monthly with
vapor pressure and the percentage of volatile organic compounds as applied in
it;
(4) the total amount of
cleaning solutions used monthly with the vapor pressure and the percentage of
volatile organic compounds as applied not meeting the vapor pressure or
percentage of volatile organic compounds as required in Paragraph (k) of this
Rule;
(5) the temperature of
fountain solutions for lithographic printing presses using alcohol at the
frequency specified in the permit; and
(6) any other parameters required by the
permit in accordance with
15A NCAC
02D .0605 and
02D .0903.
(m) The owner or operator of any source
subject to this Rule shall comply with
15A NCAC
02D .0903 and
02D .0958.
Authority
G.S.
143-215.3(a)(1);
143-215.107(a)(5);
Eff. September 1, 2010;
Amended Eff. May 1, 2013;
Readopted Eff. November 1, 2020.
