Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 12, March 20, 2024
(b) For the purpose of this
Part, the following definitions also apply:
(1) Alcohol. Ethanol, n-propanol, and
isopropanol.
(2) Alcohol
substitute. A non-alcohol additive that contains VOC and is used in a fountain
solution to reduce the surface tension of water or to prevent piling (ink
build-up).
(3) As applied. The VOC
concentration of ink, coating, or adhesive at the time it is applied to a
substrate; or the alcohol (or alcohol substitute) concentration of a fountain
solution at the time it is applied to lithographic press plates.
(4) Capture system. All equipment including,
but not limited to, hoods, ducts, fans, booths, ovens, or dryers that contain,
collect, and transport an air pollutant to control equipment.
(5) Cleaning materials. A liquid solvent or
solution used to remove ink and debris from the operating surfaces of the
printing press and its parts. For purposes of this rule, cleaning solutions
include, but are not limited to blanket wash, roller wash, metering roller
cleaner, plate cleaner, impression cylinder washes, rubber rejuvenators, and
other cleaners used for cleaning a press, press parts, or to remove dried ink
or coating from areas around the press.
(6) Cold-set printing process or non-heatset
printing process.A printing process that uses absorption, oxidation,
ultraviolet light, electron bean or other non-heat method to cure the printing
ink.
(7) Composite partial vapor
pressure. The sum of the partial pressure of the compounds defined as VOCs. VOC
composite partial vapor pressure is calculated as follows:
Image
Where:
Wi =Weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams
Ww =Weight of water, in grams
Wc =Weight of exempt compound, in grams
Mwi =Molecular weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in
g/g-mole
MWw =Molecular weight of water, in g/g-mole
MWc =Molecular weight of exempt compound, in
g/g-mole
PPc =VOC composite partial vapor pressure at 20° C
(68° F), in mm Hg
Vpi =Vapor pressure of the "i"th VOC compound at 20° C
(68° F), in mm Hg
(8)
Control equipment. The equipment used to destroy or remove VOC emissions from
graphic art printing processes.
(9)
Digital printing press. A printing press that transfers electronic files from a
computer to an electronically driven output device that prints the image
directly on a substrate. Also known as direct-to-media printing.
(10) Excluded compound. A compound expressly
excluded from the definition of VOC in section
200.1 of this
Title.
(11) Flexographic printing
process. A printing process that raises the image to be applied above the
non-image area and uses an image carrier made of rubber or other elastomeric
materials.
(12) Fountain solution.
A solution of water, VOC, gum arabic, and surfactants used for wetting
lithographic press plates.
(13)
Graphic arts. Packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure, flexographic,
offset lithographic, letterpress and screen printing processes.
(14) Heat-set printing process. A printing
process that uses heat to evaporate ink oils from the printing ink. Hot air
dryers are used to deliver the heat.
(15) Letterpress printing process. A printing
process in which the image is raised relative to the non-image and a paste ink
is transferred from the image surface directly to the substrate.
(16) Maximum permitted pounds of VOC per
gallon of ink, coating or adhesive, minus water and excluded compounds, at
application. The permissible quantity of VOC per gallon of ink, coating or
adhesive minus water and excluded compounds; calculated as follows:
(VOC)a = (Dc)a ( (Wv)a - (Ww)a - (We)a)/1 - ( (Vw)a +
(Ve)a)
where:
(VOC)a =VOC content of ink, coating or adhesive as
applied, expressed as a mass of VOC, in pounds, per volume of coating, in
gallons, minus water and excluded compounds
(Dc) a =ink, coating or adhesive density as applied, in
pounds per gallon
(Wv)a =the weight fraction of total VOC in the ink,
coating or adhesive as applied
(Ww)a =the weight fraction of water in the ink, coating or
adhesive as applied
(Vw)a =the volume fraction of water in the ink, coating or
adhesive as applied
(We) a =the weight fraction of excluded compounds in the
ink, coating or adhesive as applied
(Ve) a =the volume fraction of excluded compounds in the
ink, coating or adhesive as applied.
(17) Offset lithographic printing process. A
planographic printing process that chemically differentiates the image and
non-image areas and uses a lithographic plate to transfer the image to an
intermediate surface which in turn transfers the image to the
substrate.
(18) Overall removal
efficiency. The total reduction in VOC emissions considering the efficiency of
both the capture system and subsequent destruction or removal of these
emissions by the control equipment prior to their release into the
atmosphere.
(19) Packaging
rotogravure printing process. A rotogravure printing process upon substrates
that are subsequently formed into wallpaper, packaging products, or labels for
articles to be sold.
(20) Printing
press. The equipment used to apply words, pictures, or designs to either a web,
or a sheet. A web is a continuous substrate of paper, plastic, or other
material that is unwound from a roll, passed through ink or coating applicators
and any associated drying areas. The press includes all ink and coating
applicators and drying areas between unwind and rewind of the continuous
substrate. A sheet consists of paper, plastic, or other material that is fed
through the press sequentially and carried through the process on a moving
belt. The press includes all ink and coating applicators and drying operations
from the time that the sheet is put on the moving belt until it is taken
off.
(21) Printing process. Any of
the various ways a printing press is operated.
(22) Proof press. A printing press used only
to check the quality of print color and editorial content.
(23) Publication rotogravure printing
process. A rotogravure printing process used to produce books, magazines,
catalogs, brochures, directories, newspaper supplements and similar types of
printed material.
(24) Rotogravure
printing process. An intaglio printing process that transfers the inked image
from minute etched or engraved wells on a plate or cylinder to the substrate
that is supported by an impression roller.
(25) Screen printing process. A printing
process that delivers ink through a woven mesh fitted with an ink blocking
stencil. The stencil and mesh openings determine the form and dimensions of the
imprint. Screen printing processes where the ink is applied by a hand held
squeegee are excluded from this definition.
(26) Serigraph. Fine art created or
reproduced using a screen printing press.
(27) Solvent. A substance that is liquid at
standard conditions and is used to dissolve or dilute another substance; this
term includes, but is not limited to, organic materials used as dissolvers,
viscosity reducers, degreasing agents, or cleaning agents. An excluded compound
is not a solvent.