Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 12, March 20, 2024
(a)
Except as provided in section
208.3(b)(2)(i)(b)
of this Part, the specified methods in paragraphs (1) through (6) of this
subdivision shall be used to determine whether the gas collection system is in
compliance with section
208.3(b)(2)(i)
of this Part.
(1) For the purposes of
calculating the maximum expected gas generation flow rate from the landfill to
determine compliance with section
208.3(b)(2)(ii)(a)
(1) of this Part, one of the following
equations shall be used. The k and L o kinetic factors
should be those published in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (AP-42) or other site specific values demonstrated to be
appropriate and approved by the department. If k has been determined as
specified in section
208.5(a)(4)
of this Part, the value of k determined from the test shall be used. A value of
no more than 15 years shall be used for the intended use period of the gas
mover equipment. The active life of the landfill is the age of the landfill
plus the estimated number of years until closure.
(i) For sites with unknown year-to-year solid
waste acceptance rate:
Q m = 2L o R
(e-kc - e-kt)
where,
Q m = maximum expected gas
generation flow rate, cubic meters per year
L o = methane generation potential,
cubic meters per megagram solid waste
R = average annual acceptance rate, megagrams per year k =
methane generation rate constant, year1
t = age of the landfill at equipment installation plus the
time the owner or operator intends to use the gas mover equipment or active
life of the landfill, whichever is less. If the equipment is installed after
closure, t is the age of the landfill at installation, years c = time since
closure, years (for an active landfill c = 0 and e-kc = 1)
(ii) For sites with known year-to-year solid
waste acceptance rate:
n
Q M = <<SIGMA>> 2 k L
o M i (e-kt i)
i = 1
where,
Q M = maximum expected gas
generation flow rate, cubic meters per year k = methane generation rate
constant, year-1
L o = methane generation potential,
cubic meters per megagram solid waste
M i = mass of solid waste in the ith
section, megagrams t i = age of the ith section,
years
(iii) If a collection
and control system has been installed, actual flow data may be used to project
the maximum expected gas generation flow rate instead of, or in conjunction
with, the equations in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph. If the
landfill is still accepting waste, the actual measured flow data will not equal
the maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations using the equations
in subparagraph (i) or (ii) of this paragraph or other methods shall be used to
predict the maximum expected gas generation rate over the intended period of
use of the gas control system equipment.
(2) For the purposes of determining
sufficient density of gas collectors for compliance with section
208.3(b)(2)(ii)(a)(2)
of this Part, the owner or operator shall design a system of vertical wells,
horizontal collectors, or other collection devices, satisfactory to the
department, capable of controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the
landfill sufficient to meet all operational and performance
standards.
(3) For the purpose of
demonstrating whether the gas collection system flow rate is sufficient to
determine compliance with section
208.3(b)(2)(ii)(a)(3)
of this Part, the owner or operator shall measure gauge pressure in the gas
collection header at each individual well, monthly. If a positive pressure
exists, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within five
calendar days, except for the three conditions allowed under section
208.4(b)
of this Part. If negative pressure cannot be achieved without excess air
infiltration within 15 calendar days of the first measurement, the gas
collection system shall be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days
of the initial measurement of positive pressure. Any attempted corrective
measure shall not cause exceedances of other operational or performance
standards. An alternative timeline for correcting the exceedance may be
submitted to the department for approval.
(4) Owners or operators are not required to
expand the system as required in paragraph (3) of this subdivision during the
first 180 days after gas collection system startup.
(5) For the purpose of identifying whether
excess air infiltration into the landfill is occurring, the owner or operator
shall monitor each well monthly for temperature and nitrogen or oxygen as
provided in section
208.4(c)
of this Part. If a well exceeds one of these operating parameters, action shall
be initiated to correct the exceedance within five calendar days. If correction
of the exceedance cannot be achieved within 15 calendar days of the first
measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the
exceedance within 120 days of the initial exceedance. Any attempted corrective
measure shall not cause exceedances of other operational or performance
standards. An alternative timeline for correcting the exceedance may be
submitted to the department for approval.
(6) An owner or operator seeking to
demonstrate compliance with section
208.3(b)(2)(ii)(a)(4)
of this Part through the use of a collection system not conforming to the
specifications provided in section
208.10
of this Part, shall provide information satisfactory to the USEPA as specified
in section
208.3(b)(2)(i)(c)
demonstrating that off-site migration is being controlled.
(b) For purposes of compliance with section
208.4(a)
of this Part, each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall place each
well or design component as specified in the approved design plan as provided
in section
208.3(b)(2)(i)
of this Part. Each well shall be installed no later than 60 days after the date
on which the initial solid waste has been in place for a period of:
(1) five years or more if active;
or
(2) two years or more if closed
or at final grade.
(c)
The following procedures shall be used for compliance with the surface methane
operational standard as provided in section
208.4(d)
of this Part.
(1) After installation of the
collection system, the owner or operator shall monitor surface concentrations
of methane along the entire perimeter of the collection area and along a
pattern that traverses the landfill at 30 meter-intervals (or a site-specific
established spacing) for each collection area on a quarterly basis using an
organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor
meeting the specifications provided in subdivision (d) of this
section.
(2) The background
concentration shall be determined by moving the probe inlet upwind and downwind
outside the boundary of the landfill at a distance of at least 30 meters from
the perimeter wells.
(3) Surface
emission monitoring shall be performed in accordance with section 4.3.1 of
method 21 of appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 (see section
200.9 of this
Title), except that the probe inlet shall be placed within 5 to 10 centimeters
of the ground. Monitoring shall be performed during typical meteorological
conditions.
(4) Any reading of 500
parts per million or more above background at any location shall be recorded as
a monitored exceedance and the actions specified in subparagraphs (i) through
(v) of this paragraph shall be taken. As long as the specified actions are
taken, the exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements of
section
208.4(d)
of this Part.
(i) The location of each
monitored exceedance shall be marked and the location recorded.
(ii) Cover maintenance or adjustments to the
vacuum of the adjacent wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of
each exceedance shall be made and the location shall be remonitored within 10
calendar days of detecting the exceedance.
(iii) If the remonitoring of the location
shows a second exceedance, additional corrective action shall be taken and the
location shall be monitored again within 10 days of the second exceedance. If
the remonitoring shows a third exceedance for the same location, the action
specified in subparagraph (v) of this paragraph shall be taken, and no further
monitoring of that location is required until the action specified in
subparagraph (v) of this paragraph has been taken.
(iv) Any location that initially showed an
exceedance but has a methane concentration less than 500 ppm methane above
background at the 10-day remonitoring specified in subparagraph (ii) or (iii)
of this paragraph shall be remonitored one month from the initial exceedance.
If the one-month remonitoring shows a concentration less than 500 parts per
million above background, no further monitoring of that location is required
until the next quarterly monitoring period. If the one-month remonitoring shows
an exceedance, the actions specified in subparagraph (iii) or (v) of this
paragraph shall be taken.
(v) For
any location where monitored methane concentration equals or exceeds 500 parts
per million above background three times within a quarterly period, a new well
or other collection device shall be installed within 120 calendar days of the
initial exceedance. An alternative remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading
the blower, header pipes or control device, and a corresponding timeline for
installation may be submitted to the department for approval.
(5) The owner or operator shall
implement a program to monitor for cover integrity and implement cover repairs
as necessary on a monthly basis.
(d) Each owner or operator seeking to comply
with the provisions in subdivision(c) of this section shall comply with the
following instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface emission
monitoring devices:
(1) The portable analyzer
shall meet the instrument specifications provided in section 3 of Method 21 of
appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 (see section
200.9 of this
Title), except that "methane" shall replace all references to VOC.
(2) The calibration gas shall be methane,
diluted to a nominal concentration of 500 parts per million in air.
(3) To meet the performance evaluation
requirements in section
3.1.3
of method 21 of appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, the instrument evaluation
procedures of section 4.4 of method 21 of appendix A shall be used (see section
200.9 of this
Title).
(4) The calibration
procedures provided in section
4.2 of method 21 of
appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 (see section
200.9 of this
Title) shall be followed immediately before commencing a surface monitoring
survey.
(e) The
provisions of this section apply at all times, except during periods of
start-up, shutdown or malfunction, provided that the duration of start-up,
shutdown or malfunction shall not exceed five days for collections systems and
shall not exceed one hour for treatment or control devices.