Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 12, March 20, 2024
(a) As
used in this Part (rule), these terms have the definitions set forth below:
(1)
A1 means the maximum activity of
special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A package.
A2means the maximum activity of
radioactive material, other than special form radioactive material, permitted
in a Type A package. These values are either listed or may be derived in
accordance with the procedure prescribed in Appendix A-12 of section
38.41 of this Part
(rule).
(2)
Absorbed
dose means the energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of
irradiated material. The units of absorbed dose are the gray (Gy) and the
rad.
(3)
Accelerator-produced material means any material made
radioactive by a particle accelerator.
(4)
Activity means the rate
of disintegration or transformation or decay of radioactive material. The units
of activity are the becquerel (Bq) and the curie (Ci).
(5)
Adult means an
individual 18 years, or more, of age.
(6)
Agreement state means
any state with which the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the
United States Atomic Energy Commission has entered into an effective agreement
under section 274b of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (73 Stat.
689).
(7)
Airborne
radioactive material means any radioactive material dispersed in the
air in the form of dust, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or
gases.
(8)
Airborne
radioactivity area means a room, enclosure, or area in which airborne
radioactive materials exist in concentrations:
(i) in excess of the derived air
concentrations (DACs) specified in Appendix A-13 of section
38.41 of this Part (rule);
or
(ii) to such a degree that an
individual present in the area without respiratory protective equipment could
exceed, during the hours an individual is present in a week, an intake of 0.6
percent of the annual limit on intake (ALI) or 12 DAC-hours.
(9)
Annual limit on intake
(ALI) means the derived limit for the amount of radioactive material
taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year.
The derived limit for a given radionuclide is the lesser of the following: the
intake by reference man in a year that would result in a committed effective
dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem) or a committed dose equivalent to any
individual organ or tissue of 0.5 Sv (50 rem). ALI values for intake by
ingestion and inhalation of selected radionuclides are given in Appendix A-13
of section
38.41 of this Part
(rule).
(10)
As low as is
reasonably achievable (ALARA) means making every reasonable effort to
maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits in these
regulations as is practical, consistent with the purpose for which the licensed
or registered activity is undertaken, taking into account the state of
technology, the economics of improvements in relation to state of technology,
the economics of improvements in relation to benefits to the public health and
safety, and other societal and socioeconomic considerations, and in relation to
utilization of sources of radiation in the public interest.
(11)
Background radiation
means radiation from cosmic sources, naturally occurring radioactive materials
in the environment including radon (except as a decay product of regulated
sources or special nuclear material), and global fallout as it exists in the
environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices. Background radiation
does not include radiation from radioactive materials regulated by the
department.
(12)
Becquerel
(Bq) means the SI unit of activity. One becquerel is equal to one
disintegration or transformation per second
(s-1).
(13)
Bioassay means the
determination of kinds, quantities or concentrations, and in some cases, the
locations of radioactive material in the human body; whether by direct
measurement (in vivo counting) or by analysis and evaluation of materials
excreted or removed from the human body. For purposes of these regulations,
radiobioassay is an equivalent term.
(14)
Byproduct material
means:
(i) any radioactive material, except
special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the
radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear
material; and
(ii) the tailings or
wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from
ore processed primarily for its source material content, including discrete
surface wastes resulting from uranium or thorium solution extraction processes.
Underground ore bodies depleted by these solution extraction operations do not
constitute byproduct material within this definition.
(15)
Calendar quarter means
not less than 12 consecutive weeks nor more than 14 consecutive weeks. The
first calendar quarter of each year shall begin in January and subsequent
calendar quarters shall be so arranged such that no day is included in more
than one calendar quarter, and no day in any one year is omitted from inclusion
within a calendar quarter. No licensee or registrant shall change the method
used to determine calendar quarters for purposes of these regulations except at
the beginning of a calendar year.
(16)
Calibration means the
determination of:
(i) the response or reading
of an instrument relative to a series of known radiation values over the range
of the instrument; or
(ii) the
strength of a source of radiation relative to a standard.
(17)
CFR means Code of
Federal Regulations.
(18)
Class means a classification scheme for inhaled materials
according to its rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung.
Materials are classified as D, W, or Y, which applies to a range of clearance
half-times: for Class D, Days, of less than 10 days; for Class W, Weeks, from
10 to 100 days; and for Class Y, Years, of greater than 100 days. For purposes
of these regulations, lung class and inhalation
class are equivalent terms.
(19)
Collective dose means
the sum of the individual doses received in a given period of time by a
specified population from exposure to a specified source of
radiation.
(20)
Commissioner means the Commissioner of Labor of the State of
New York.
(21)
Committed
dose equivalent (HT,50) means
the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference (T) that will be received
from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year
period following the intake.
(22)
Committed effective dose equivalent
(HE,50) is the sum of the products of the
weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are
irradiated and the committed dose equivalent to each of these organs or tissues
(HE,50=(SIGMA)WTHT,50).
(23)
Constraint
(dose constraint) means a value above which, specified
licensee actions are required.
(24)
Controlled area means any area to which access is controlled
for the purpose of protecting individuals from exposure to radiation and
radioactive material, but shall not mean any area used as residential quarters.
Controlled area as used in this Part is synonymous with restricted
area.
(25)
Curie means a unit of activity. One curie (Ci) is that
quantity of radioactive material which disintegrates or decays at the rate of
3.7 *1010 transformations per second.
(26)
Declared pregnant woman
means a woman who has voluntarily informed her employer, in writing, of her
pregnancy. The written declaration shall include an estimated date of
conception or the estimated age of the embryo/fetus in days or weeks as of the
date of declaration.
(27)
Decommission means to remove (as an installation) safely from
service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits release of
the property for unrestricted use and termination of license.
(28)
Deep dose equivalent
(Hd), which applies to
external whole body exposure, means the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of
one centimeter (1000 mg/cm2).
(29)
Department means the
New York State Department of Labor and shall include its duly authorized
representatives.
(30)
Depleted uranium means the source material uranium in which
the isotope uranium-235 is less than 0.711 weight percent of the total uranium
present.
(31)
Derived air
concentration (DAC) means the concentration of a given radionuclide in
air which, if breathed by reference man for a working year of 2,000 hours under
conditions of light work, results in an intake of one ALI. For purposes of
these regulations, the condition of light work is an inhalation rate of 1.2
cubic meters of air per hour for 2,000 hours in a year. DAC values are given in
Appendix A-13 of section
38.41 of this Part
(rule).
(32)
Derived air
concentration-hour (DAC-hour) means the product of the concentration
of radioactive material in air (expressed as a fraction or multiple of the
derived air concentration for each radionuclide) and the time of exposure to
that radionuclide, in hours. A licensee or registrant may take 2,000 DAC-hours
to represent 1 ALI, equivalent to a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05
Sv (5 rem).
(33)
Dose or
radiation dose is a generic term that means absorbed dose, dose
equivalent, effective dose equivalent, committed dose equivalent, committed
effective dose equivalent, or total effective dose equivalent.
(34)
Dose equivalent
(Ht) means the product of the
absorbed dose in tissue, quality factor, and all other necessary modifying
factors at the location of interest. The units of dose equivalent are the
sievert (Sv) and rem.
(35)
Dosimetry processor means an individual or organization that
processes and evaluates individual monitoring devices in order to determine the
radiation dose delivered to the monitoring devices.
(36)
Effective dose equivalent
(He) means the sum of the
products of the dose equivalent to each organ or tissue
(Ht) and the weighting factor (W
t) applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that
are irradiated (He=(SIGMA)WtH
t).
(37)
Embryo/fetus means the developing human organism from
conception until the time of birth.
(38)
Entrance or access
point means any location through which an individual could gain access
to radiation areas or to radioactive materials. This includes entry or exit
portals of sufficient size to permit human entry, irrespective of their
intended use.
(39)
Exposure means either:
(i)
being exposed to ionizing radiation or to radioactive material; or
(ii) the quotient of dQ by dm where "dQ" is
the absolute value of the total charge of the ions of one sign produced in air
when all the electrons (negatrons and positrons) liberated by photons in a
volume element of air having mass "dm" are completely stopped in air. The
special unit of exposure is the roentgen (R). One roentgen is equal to 2.58
× 10-4 coulomb per kilogram of air.
(40)
External
dose means that portion of the dose equivalent received from any
source of radiation outside the body.
(41)
Extremity means hand,
elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, or leg below the knee.
(42)
Eye dose equivalent
means the external dose equivalent to the lens of the eye at a tissue depth of
0.3 centimeter (300 mg/cm2).
(43)
Gray (Gy) means the SI
unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1
joule/kilogram. One gray is equal to 100 rad.
(44)
High radiation area
means any area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could
result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 1 mSv (0.1
rem) in one hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or from any
surface that the radiation penetrates.
(45)
Human use means the
internal or external administration of radiation or radioactive material to
human beings.
(46)
Individual shall mean any human being.
(47)
Individual monitoring
means the assessment of:
(i) dose equivalent;
(a) by the use of individual monitoring
devices; or
(ii)
committed effective dose equivalent;
(a) by
bioassay; or
(b) by determination
of the time-weighted air concentrations to which an individual has been
exposed; that is, DAC-hours.
(48)
Individual monitoring
devices means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for
the assessment of dose equivalent. For purposes of these regulations,
individual monitoring equipment and personnel monitoring equipment are
equivalent terms. Examples of individual monitoring devices are film badges,
thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), pocket dosimeters, and personal air
sampling devices.
(49)
Interlock means a device arranged or connected such that the
occurrence of an event or condition is required before a second event or
condition can occur or continue to occur.
(50)
Internal dose means
that portion of the dose equivalent received from radioactive material taken
into the body.
(51)
License means a radioactive material license issued by the
commissioner in accordance with the regulations adopted by the commissioner.
There are two types of licenses: general and specific. A general
license means a license issued pursuant to the terms and conditions of
section 38.5 of this Part (rule). General
licenses are effective without the filing of an application with, or the
issuance of a licensing document by, the commissioner. A specific
license shall mean a license evidenced by a licensing document issued
by the commissioner to a licensee. A specific license also
means a similar license issued by the State Department of Health, the New York
City Department of Health, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or
any agreement state. Unless otherwise specified, the type of license referred
to in this Part will be a specific license.
(52)
Licensed material means
radioactive material received, possessed, used, transferred or disposed of
under a general or specific license issued by the commissioner.
(53)
Licensee means any
person who is licensed by the commissioner in accordance with these regulations
or one who possesses any radioactive material which is subject to the licensure
requirements of this Part (rule).
(54)
Limits or dose
limits means the permissible upper bounds of radiation
doses.
(55)
Lost or missing
licensed material means licensed material whose location is unknown.
This definition includes licensed material that has been shipped but has not
reached its planned destination and whose location cannot be readily traced in
the transportation system.
(56)
Member of the public means any individual, except an
individual who is performing assigned duties for the licensee or registrant
involving exposure to sources of radiation.
(57)
Minor means an
individual less than 18 years of age.
(58)
Monitoring means the
measurement of radiation levels, radioactive material concentrations, surface
area concentrations or quantities of radioactive material and the use of the
results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures and doses. For
purposes of these regulations, radiation monitoring and
radiation protection monitoring are equivalent
terms.
(59)
NARM
means any naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material. It
does not include byproduct, source, or special nuclear material.
(60)
Nonstochastic effect
means a health effect, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which
a threshold is believed to exist. Radiation-induced cataract formation is an
example of a nonstochastic effect. For purposes of these regulations, a
deterministic effect is an equivalent term.
(61)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC) means the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its duly
authorized representatives.
(62)
Occupational dose means the dose received by an individual in
the course of employment in which the individual's assigned duties involve
exposure to sources of radiation, whether in the possession of the licensee,
registrant, or other person. Occupational dose does not include doses received:
from background radiation, as a patient from medical practices, from voluntary
participation in medical research programs, or as a member of the
public.
(63)
Operator means any person conducting the business or
activities carried on within the radiation installation or having by law the
administrative control of a radiation source whether as owner, lessee,
contractor, or otherwise.
(64)
Package means the packaging, together with its radioactive
contents as presented for transport.
(65)
Particle accelerator
means any machine capable of accelerating electrons, protons, deuterons, or
other charged particles in a vacuum and of discharging the resultant
particulate or other radiation into a medium with energies usually in excess of
one MeV.
(66)
Person means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm,
association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, agency,
political subdivision of this State, any other state or political subdivision
or agency thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of
the foregoing, but shall not include Federal government agencies.
(67)
Personnel monitoring
equipment (see individual monitoring devices).
(68)
Possess means to
acquire and take responsibility for radiation sources. A licensee or registrant
continues to possess and be responsible for a radiation source
until it is transferred to another licensee or registrant who is authorized to
receive the source in accordance with the provisions of this Part, the
equivalent regulations of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or
the rules of any other state.
(69)
Principal activities means activities authorized by the
license which are essential to achieving the purpose(s) for which the license
was issued or amended, excluding storage or disposal of licensed material and
excluding activities incidental to decontamination or
decommissioning.
(70)
Protective barrier means a barrier of radiation absorbing
material(s) used to attenuate the useful beam and/or stray radiation to the
degree required to assure compliance with sections
38.18 and
38.19 of this Part
(rule).
(71)
Public
dose means the dose received by a member of the public from exposure
to sources of radiation regulated by this Part (rule). It does not include
occupational dose, dose received from background radiation, dose received as a
patient from medical practices, or dose from voluntary participation in medical
research programs.
(72)
Quality factor (Q) means the modifying factor, that is used to
derive dose equivalent from absorbed dose.
(i)
As used in these regulations, the quality factors for converting absorbed dose
to dose equivalent are shown in Table 1 of this paragraph.
(ii) If it is more convenient to measure the
neutron fluence rate than to determine the neutron dose equivalent rate in
sievert per hour or rem per hour, as provided in Table 1 of this paragraph;
0.01 Sv (1 rem) of neutron radiation of unknown energies may, for purposes of
these regulations, be assumed to result from a total fluence of 25 million
neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body. If sufficient
information exists to estimate the approximate energy distribution of the
neutrons, the licensee or registrant may use the fluence rate per unit dose
equivalent or the appropriate Q value from Table 2 of this paragraph to convert
a measured tissue dose in gray or rad to dose equivalent in sievert or rem.
Table 1
QUALITY FACTORS AND ABSORBED DOSE
EQUIVALENTS
Type of
radiation |
Quality factor
(Q) |
Absorbed dose equal
to a unit dose
equivalenta |
X, gamma, or beta radiation and high-speed
electrons |
1 |
1 |
Alpha particles, multiple-charged particles, fission
fragments and heavy particles of unknown charge |
20 |
0.05 |
Neutrons of unknown energy |
10 |
0.1 |
High-energy protons |
10 |
0.1 |
a Absorbed dose in rad equal to 1 rem or the absorbed dose
in gray equal to 1 Sv.
Table 2
MEAN QUALITY FACTORS, Q, AND FLUENCE PER UNIT DOSE
EQUIVALENT FOR MONOENERGETIC NEUTRONS
Neutron energy
(MeV) |
Quality
factoraQ |
Fluence per unit
dose equivalentb
(neutrons/cm2/rem) |
Fluence per unit
dose equivalentb
(neutrons/cm2/Sv) |
2.5 × 10-8
(thermal) |
2 |
980 × 106 |
980 × 108 |
1 × 10-7 |
2 |
980 × 106 |
980 × 108 |
1 × 10-6 |
2 |
810 × 106 |
810 ×108 |
1 × 10-5 |
2 |
810 ×106 |
810 × 108 |
1 × 10-4 |
2 |
840 × 106 |
840 × 108 |
1 × 10-3 |
2 |
980 × 106 |
980 ×108 |
1 × 10-2 |
2.5 |
1010 ×106 |
1010 ×108 |
1 × 10-1 |
7.5 |
170 ×106 |
170 × 108 |
5 × 10-1 |
11 |
39 × 106 |
39 ×108 |
1 |
11 |
27 × 106 |
27 × 188 |
2.5 |
9 |
29 ×106 |
29 ×108 |
5 |
8 |
23 × 106 |
23 ×106 |
7 |
7 |
24 × 106 |
24 ×108 |
10 |
6.5 |
24 × 106 |
24 ×108 |
14 |
7.5 |
17 × 106 |
17 ×108 |
20 |
8 |
16 ×106 |
16 × 108 |
40 |
7 |
14 × 106 |
14 × 108 |
60 |
5.5 |
16 × 106 |
16 ×108 |
1 × 102 |
4 |
20 ×106 |
20 ×108 |
2 ×102 |
3.5 |
19 ×106 |
19 ×108 |
3 ×102 |
3.5 |
16 ×106 |
16 × 108 |
4 ×102 |
3.5 |
14 x 106 |
14 × 108 |
a Value of quality factor (Q) at the point where the dose
equivalent is maximum in a 30-cm diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent
phantom.
b Monoenergetic neutrons incident normally on a 30-cm
diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
(73)
Quarter (see calendar
quarter).
(74)
Rad
means the special unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose
of 100 erg/gram or 0.01 joule/kilogram (0.01 gray). One millirad equals 0.001
rad.
(75)
Radiation means alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays,
X-rays, neutrons, high- speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other
particles capable of producing ions. For purposes of these regulations,
ionizing radiation is an equivalent term. Radiation, as used
in these regulations, does not include non-ionizing radiation, such as
radiowaves or microwaves, visible, infrared or ultraviolet light.
(76)
Radiation area means
any area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in
an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 0.05 mSv (0.005 rem) in
one hour at 30 centimeters from the source of radiation or from any surface
that the radiation penetrates.
(77)
Radiation equipment means any equipment or device which can
emit radiation by virtue of the application thereto of high voltage.
(78)
Radiation installation
means any place, facility or mobile unit where a radiation source is located or
used.
(79)
Radiation safety
officer shall mean an individual who, under the authorization of the
operator of a radiation installation, administers a radiation protection
program in accordance with section
38.17 of this Part (rule) and who
is qualified by training and experience in radiological health to evaluate the
radiation hazards of such installation and administer such radiation protection
program.
(80)
Radiation
source means any radioactive material or any radiation
equipment.
(81)
Radioactive
material means any solid, liquid, or gas which emits radiation
spontaneously.
(82)
Radioactivity means the transformation of unstable atomic
nuclei by the emission of radiation.
(83)
Reference man means a
hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics
determined by international consensus. These characteristics may be used to
standardize results of experiments and to relate biological insult to a common
base.
(84)
Registrant means any person who is registered with the
commissioner or is legally obligated to register with the commissioner pursuant
to these regulations.
(85)
Registration means registration with the commissioner in
accordance with these regulations.
(86)
Rem means the special
unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent
in rem is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor (1
rem = 0.01 sievert).
(87)
Respiratory protective equipment means an apparatus, such as a
respirator, used to reduce an individual's intake of airborne radioactive
material.
(88)
Restricted
area means any area to which access is controlled for the purpose of
protecting individuals from exposure to radiation and radioactive material, but
shall not mean any area used as residential quarters. Restricted
area as used in this Part (rule) is synonymous with controlled
area.
(89)
Roentgen means the special unit of exposure. One roentgen (R)
equals 2.58 * 10-4 coulombs/kilogram of air (see
exposure).
(90)
Sanitary
sewerage means a system of public sewers for carrying off waste and
refuse, but excluding sewage treatment facilities, septic tanks, and leach
fields owned or operated by the licensee or registrant.
(91)
Scattered radiation
means radiation whose direction has been altered during passage through matter.
(It may have been modified also by a decrease in energy.)
(92)
Sealed source means
radioactive material that is permanently bonded or fixed in a capsule or matrix
designed to prevent release and dispersal of the radioactive material under the
most severe conditions which are likely to be encountered in normal use and
handling.
(93)
Shallow dose
equivalent (Hs), which applies to the external
exposure of the skin or an extremity, means the dose equivalent at a tissue
depth of 0.007 centimeter (7mg/cm2) averaged over an
area of one square centimeter.
(94)
SI means an abbreviation of the International System of
Units.
(95)
Sievert means the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed
as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in sievert is equal to the absorbed
dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor (1 Sv = 100 rem).
(96)
Site boundary means
that line beyond which the land or property is not owned, leased, or otherwise
controlled by the licensee or registrant.
(97)
Source material means:
(i) uranium or thorium, or any combination
thereof, in any physical or chemical form; or
(ii) ores that contain by weight
one-twentieth of one percent (0.05 percent) or more of uranium, thorium, or any
combination of uranium and thorium. Source material does not include special
nuclear material.
(98)
Source of radiation means any radioactive material or any
device or equipment emitting, or capable of producing, radiation.
(99)
Special form radioactive
material means radioactive material which satisfies the following
conditions:
(i) it is either a single solid
piece or is contained in a sealed capsule that can be opened only by destroying
the capsule;
(ii) the piece or
capsule has at least one dimension not less than five millimeters (0.197 inch);
and
(iii) it satisfies test
requirements specified by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in
10 CFR
71.75 and
71.77, January 1, 1994;
1 except that special form radioactive
material constructed prior to July 1, 1985 and meeting the requirements of
10 CFR
71 in effect on June 30, 1983 may continue to
be used.
(100)
Special nuclear material means:
(i) plutonium, uranium-233, uranium enriched
in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material that the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, pursuant to the provisions of section 51 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, determines to be special nuclear
material, but does not include source material; or
(ii) any material artificially enriched by
any of the foregoing but does not include source material.
(101)
Special nuclear material in
quantities not sufficient to form a critical mass means uranium
enriched in the isotope U-235 in quantities not exceeding 350 grams of
contained U-235; uranium-233 in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; plutonium
in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; or any combination of them in accordance
with the following formula: for each kind of special nuclear material,
determine the ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and
the quantity specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The
sum of such ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in
combination shall not exceed 1. For example, the following quantities in
combination would not exceed the limitation and are within the formula:
175 (grams contained U-235) |
+ |
50 (grams U-233) |
+ |
50 (grams Pu) |
= 1 |
350 |
200 |
200 |
175 (grams contained U-235)/350 + 50 (grams U-233)/200 +50
(grams Pu)/200 = 1
(102)
State means the State of New York, unless the context of this
Part (rule) clearly indicates that a different meaning is intended.
(103)
Stochastic effect
means a health effect that occurs randomly and for which the probability of the
effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a function of dose
without threshold. Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of
stochastic effects. For purposes of these regulations, probabilistic
effect is an equivalent term.
(104)
Stray radiation means
the sum of leakage and scattered radiation.
(105)
Survey means an
evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the
production, use, transfer, release, disposal, or presence of sources of
radiation. When appropriate, such evaluation includes, but is not limited to,
tests, physical examinations, and measurements of levels of radiation or
concentrations of radioactive material present.
(106)
These regulations mean
all parts of Industrial Code Rule 38 (12 NYCRR Part 38).
(107)
Total effective dose equivalent
(TEDE) means the sum of the deep dose equivalent for external
exposures and the committed effective dose equivalent for internal
exposures.
(108)
U.S.
Department of Energy means the Department of Energy established by
Public Law
95-91, August 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 565,
42 U.S.C.
7101 et seq., to the extent that the
department exercises functions formerly vested in the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission, its chairman, members, officers and components and transferred to
the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and to the
administrator thereof pursuant to section 104(b), (c) and (d) of the Energy
Reorganization Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-438, October 11,
1974, 88 Stat. 1233 at 1237, 42 U.S.C, 5814, effective January
19, 1975) and transferred to the Secretary of Energy pursuant to section 301(a)
of the Department of Energy Organization Act (Public Law 95-91, August 4, 1977,
91 Stat. 565 at 577-578, 42
U.S.C. 7151, effective October 1,
1977).
(109)
USNRC
means United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
(110)
Unrefined and unprocessed
ore means ore in its natural form prior to any processing, such as
grinding, roasting, beneficiating, or refining.
(111)
Use as used in radioactive
materials licenses means to employ or apply radioactive materials for
the licensed purpose. It shall include instruction of, and responsibility for,
technical and support staff members. It does not include training others in the
techniques of use of radioactive materials for the purpose of qualifying for
licensure.
(112)
Useful
beam means the radiation which passes through the source or
tube-housing port and the aperture of the collimating device when the exposure
switch or timer is activated.
(113)
Very high radiation area means an area, accessible to
individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving
an absorbed dose in excess of 5 Gy (500 rad) in one hour at 1 meter from a
source of radiation or from any surface that the radiation
penetrates.2
(114)
Waste handling
licensees means persons licensed to receive and store radioactive
wastes prior to disposal and/or persons licensed to dispose of radioactive
wastes.
(115)
Week
means seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.
(116)
Weighting factor
WT for an organ or tissue (T) means the
proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of that
organ or tissue to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is
irradiated uniformly. For calculating the effective dose equivalent, the values
of WT are:
ORGAN DOSE WEIGHTING FACTORS
Organ or tissue |
WT |
Gonads |
0.25 |
Breast |
0.15 |
Red bone marrow |
0.12 |
Lung |
0.12 |
Thyroid |
0.03 |
Bone surfaces |
0.03 |
Remainder |
0.30a |
Whole body |
1.00b |
a 0.30 results from 0.06 for each of five "remainder"
organs, excluding the skin and the lens of the eye, that receive the highest
doses.
b For purposes of weighting the external whole body dose,
for adding it to the internal dose, a single weighting factor, W
T =1.0, has been specified. The use of other weighting
factors for external exposure will be approved on a case-by-case basis until
such time as specific guidance is issued.
(117)
Whole body means, for
purposes of external exposure, head, trunk (including male gonads), arms above
the elbow, or legs above the knee.
(118)
Worker means an
individual engaged in work under a license or registration issued by the
commissioner and controlled by a licensee or registrant, but does not include
the licensee or registrant.
(119)
Working level (WL) means any combination of short-lived radon
daughters in 1 liter of air that will result in the ultimate emission of 1.3
× 105 MeV of potential alpha particle energy.
The short-lived daughters of radon-222 are: polonium-218, lead-214,
bismuth-214, and polonium-214. The short-lived daughters of radon-220 are:
polonium-216, lead-212, bismuth-212, and polonium-212.
(120)
Working level month
(WLM) means an exposure to 1 working level for 170 hours (2,000
working hours per year divided by 12 months per year is approximately equal to
170 hours per month).
(121)
Year means the period of time beginning in January used to
determine compliance with the provisions of these regulations. The licensee or
registrant may change the starting date of the year used to determine
compliance by the licensee or registrant provided that the change is made at
the beginning of the year and that no day is omitted or duplicated in
consecutive years.
Footnotes
a Absorbed dose in rad equal to 1 rem or the absorbed dose
in gray equal to 1 Sv.
b Monoenergetic neutrons incident normally on a 30-cm
diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
1 The documents referenced in this Part are available for
review and copying at the New York State Department of Labor, State Office
Campus, Building 12, Room 509, Albany, NY or the New York State Department of
State, 162 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY.
2 At very high doses received at high dose rates, units of
absorbed dose, gray and rad, are appropriate, rather than units of dose
equivalent, sievert and rem.