Current through Register Vol. 35, No. 18, September 24, 2024
A. GUIDANCE:
(1) A home will have written policies and
procedures clearly outlining guidance practices. Care-givers will give this
information to all parents and staff who will sign a form to acknowledge that
they have read and understand these policies and procedures.
(2) Guidance will be consistent and age
appropriate.
(3) Guidance shall be
positive and include redirection and clear limits that encourage the child's
ability to become self-disciplined. The use of physical or mechanical
restraints is prohibited unless due to documented emergencies or medically
documented necessity.
(4) A home
will not use the following disciplinary practices:
(a) physical punishment of any type,
including shaking, biting, hitting, pinching or putting anything on or in a
child's mouth;
(b) withdrawal of
food, rest, bathroom access, or outdoor activities;
(c) abusive or profane language, including
yelling;
(d) any form of public or
private humiliation, including threats of physical punishment; or
(e) unsupervised separation.
(5) Children will not be lifted by
the arms, hands, wrist, legs, feet, ankles, or clothing.
B. NAPS OR REST PERIOD:
(1) A home will provide physical care
appropriate to each child's developmental needs that will include a supervised
rest period.
(2) A home shall allow
children who do not sleep to get up and participate in quiet activities that do
not disturb the other children.
(3)
Each child will have an individual bed, cot, or mat that is sanitized after
each use, regardless of the same child using the mat or cot. Linens can be used
multiple times over the course of a week but must be laundered before being
used by another child.
(4) Cribs,
cots or mats shall be spaced at least 30 inches apart to permit easy access by
adults to each child. If the room used for sleeping cannot accommodate 30
inches of spacing between children, educators shall space children as far as
possible from one another. There must be enough room to permit easy access to
all children without moving cribs, cots or mats. Cots or mats will have a
nonabsorbent, cleanable surface. Mats will be at least three-fourths of an inch
thick. Mats and cots shall be cleaned and linens must be laundered before being
used by another child.
(5)
Educators shall ensure that nothing covers the face or head of a child aged 12
months or younger when the child is laid down to sleep and while the child is
sleeping. Educators shall not place anything over the head or face of a child
over 12 months of age when the child is laid down to sleep and while the child
is sleeping.
(6) Children with
disabilities or medical conditions that require unusual sleeping arrangements
will have written authorization from physician justifying the sleeping
arrangement. A physician's note must contain a timeframe for the specific sleep
arrangement. The facility shall adhere to the timeframe recommended by the
doctor.
(7) Illumination equivalent
to that cast by a soft night light shall be operational in areas that are
occupied by children who are napping or sleeping. Illumination must be enough
to see the entire room, clearly observe sleeping children and allow for quiet
activities for non-sleeping children.
(8) Children shall be directly supervised
during naptime.
(9) All children
shall sleep in the licensed area of the home. No children shall be allowed to
sleep behind closed doors.
C. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INFANTS AND
TODDLERS:
(1) The home will provide a crib for
each infant and, when appropriate, for a toddler.
(2) Cribs will meet the most current federal
standards and be kept in good repair. A home will not use plastic bags or
lightweight plastic sheeting to cover a mattress and will not use pillows in
cribs. No child shall be allowed to sleep in a play pen, pack and play, infant
swing, car seat and/or bouncer. Only a crib meeting the CPSC 16 CFR 1219 or
1220 guidelines will be allowed.
(3) No child will be allowed to sleep in a
playpen, pack and play, car seat, stroller, swings, bouncers or highchairs, or
other equipment not intended for sleep purposes.
(4) Children under the age of 12 months shall
be placed on their backs when sleeping unless otherwise authorized in writing
by a physician. Providers shall place infants in cribs for safe
sleeping.
(5) A home will not admit
any child under the age of six weeks except with the written approval of a
licensed physician.
(6) Throughout
the day, an educator will give each infant and toddler physical contact and
attention. An educator will hold, talk to, sing to and take inside and outside
walks with the child. An educator will respond immediately to all cries of
infants and to the cries of all children within two minutes.
(7) An educator will use routine activities
such as nap time, feeding, diapering and toileting as opportunities for
language development and other learning.
(8) Infants shall not be allowed to be
confined to one area for prolonged periods of time unless the infant is content
and responsive. Children that are awake should be moved every 30 minutes to
offer new stimulation.
(9) A home
will arrange the sleeping and play areas so that children in the play area do
not disturb sleeping children.
(10)
Infants shall either be held or be fed sitting up for bottle-feeding. Infants
unable to sit shall always be held for bottle-feeding. Infants and toddlers
shall not be placed in a laying position while drinking bottles or sippy cups.
The carrying of bottles and sippy cups by young children throughout the day or
night shall not be permitted.
(11)
Children will not be allowed to walk or run with pacifiers. Pacifiers will not
be used outside of cribs in rooms with mobile infants or toddlers. Pacifiers
will be labeled and not shared. Pacifiers will not be tied to the child.
Pacifiers that contact the floor or ground will be cleaned and sanitized
appropriately.
(12) Each infant
shall be allowed to form and observe his or her own pattern of feeding,
sleeping, and waking periods.
(13)
Food served shall meet the nutritional needs of the infant or toddler. Foods
shall be developmentally appropriate for each infant served.
D. DIAPERING AND TOILETING:
(1) An educator will plan toilet training
with a parent so the toilet routine is consistent. A home will not attempt to
toilet train a child who is not developmentally ready.
(2) A home will change wet and soiled diapers
and clothing promptly. Staff members will wear non-porous, single use gloves
when changing a diaper and wash their hands after changing a diaper. Food
service gloves are not permissible for diaper changing.
(3) A home will have a supply of dry, clean
clothing and diapers sufficient to meet the needs of the child. A home will
label diapers and diapering supplies for each child and store them separately.
Diaper bags will be inaccessible to children.
(4) An educator will change a child's diaper
on a clean, safe, waterproof surface and discard any disposable cover and
disinfect the surface after each diaper change. Soiled diapers shall be stored
in a secure container with a tight-fitting lid to assure proper hygiene and
control of odors.
E.
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS:
(1) Child care facilities are responsible for
staff awareness of community resources for families of children with
disabilities, including children under the age of five years as well as those
of school age. If family or group home educators believe that a child may have
a delay or disability, possible resources for referral and assistance are
provided to parents when appropriate. No referral for special needs services to
an outside agency will be made without a parent's consent. Family Education
Right and Privacy Act (FERPA) will be respected at all times.
(2) Child care facilities are responsible for
staff awareness of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as it relates to
enrolling and caring for children with disabilities.
F. NIGHT CARE: In addition to all other
requirements, a home providing night care will have an educator onsite,
physically available and responsive to children who need attention during the
night.
G. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT:
(1) Environment shall be organized into
functional identifiable learning areas. Family child care homes that have
dedicated space shall have at least four of the following learning areas.
Family child care homes that do not have dedicated space shall have at least
three of the following learning areas:
(a) a
place for messy play;
(b) a place
for loud, active play;
(c) a place
for playing quietly;
(d) a place to
pretend; and
(e) a place to
read.
(2) Each learning
area is clearly defined, using shelves and furniture.
(3) Adults can visually supervise all centers
at all times.
(4) Learning areas
have adequate space and noisy and quiet areas are arranged so that children's
activities can be sustained without interruption.
(5) Materials are well cared for and
organized by type. Where appropriate, materials are labeled with words or
pictures. Adaptations to materials are made when needed to accommodate various
abilities of all children. Unused materials are stored in inaccessible
storage.
(6) Examples of children's
individually expressed artwork are displayed in the environment at the
children's eye level.
(7) Floor
surface is suitable for activities that will occur in each learning
area.
(8) File and storage space is
available for educators' materials.
H. SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENT:
(1) Educators remain calm in stressful
situations.
(2) Educators are
actively engaged with children. Educators talk, actively listen and respond to
children appropriately by responding to children's questions and acknowledging
their comments, concerns, emotions and feelings.
(3) Educators help children communicate their
feelings by providing them with language to express themselves.
(4) Educators model appropriate social
behaviors, interactions and empathy. Educators respond to children that are
angry, hurt, or sad in a caring and sensitive manner. Educators make
appropriate physical contact to comfort children who are distressed.
I. EQUIPMENT AND PROGRAM:
(1) Toys and equipment must be safe, durable,
and easy to clean, non-toxic and sanitized daily. Toys shall be disinfected, at
a minimum of, once per week. Frequency of disinfection of toys must be
increased in the event of a communicable disease, following appropriate
guidance.
(2) A home will not use
accordion-style baby gates.
(3) A
home will provide sufficient equipment, materials, and furnishings for both
indoor and outdoor activities so that at any one time, each child can be
individually involved.
(4) A home
will store equipment and materials for children's use within easy reach of the
children, including those with disabilities. A home will store the equipment
and materials in an orderly manner so children can select and replace the
materials by themselves or with minimal assistance.
(5) A home will provide children with toys
and other materials that are safe, developmentally appropriate, and encourage
the child's creativity, social interaction, and a balance of individual and
group play.
(6) A home will post a
daily activity schedule. A home will follow a consistent pattern for routine
activities such as meals, snacks and rest.
(7) Media viewing will not be permitted for
children less than two years of age. Media viewing for children two years and
older will be limited to six hours per month, but not to exceed one full length
film in one day. Programs, movies, music and music programs shall be age
appropriate and shall not contain adult content. Media viewing includes all of
the above as well as computers, tablets, phones, smart devices and screen-based
learning equipment. An exception is media that is used for curriculum-based
purposes or led by an educator.
(8)
Children and family members shall be acknowledged upon arrival and
departure.
(9) Full-time children
shall have a minimum of 60 minutes of physical activity daily, preferably
outside. Part time children shall have a minimum of 30 minutes of physical
activity daily, preferably outside. The provider will ensure drinking water is
available and maintained at a cool temperature while playing outside.
(10) Equipment and program requirements apply
during all hours of operation of the licensed facility.
J. OUTDOOR PLAY:
(1) Outdoor play equipment used in child care
homes shall be:
(a) intended for public
(non-residential) use and installed and maintained according to the
manufacturer's instructions; or
(b)
if intended for residential use, shall be safe and securely anchored.
(2) A home will enclose the
outdoor play area with a fence at least four feet high and with at least one
latched gate available for an emergency exit.
(3) A home will place sufficient energy
absorbing surfaces beneath climbing structures, swings and slides. Based on the
consumer product safety commission (CPSC) playground guidelines, grass,
artificial turf, and rubber play mats are not energy absorbent material (as
determined by Subsection N of 8.9.4.8 NMAC).
Critical Heights of Playground Equipment for
Various Types and Depths of Resilient Surfaces Based on Information from the
U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION (CPSC Publication No. 325), Handbook
for Public Playground Safety.
When no requirement is provided for a specific
height of equipment, we have used the requirement for the next higher height,
so requirements are conservative, erring on the side of safety.
|
Equipment Height
|
Wood Chips
|
Double Shredded Bark
|
Uniform Wood Chips
|
Fine Sand
|
Coarse Sand
|
Fine Gravel
|
Uncompressed Depths of Materials In Fall
Zone
|
Five feet or less
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
Six feet
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
6 inches
|
12 inches
|
12 inches
|
6 inches
|
Seven feet
|
6 inches
|
9 inches
|
9 inches
|
12 inches
|
12 inches
|
9 inches
|
Eight feet
|
9 inches
|
9 inches
|
12 inches
|
12 inches
|
12 inches
|
12 inches
|
Nine Feet
|
9 inches
|
9 inches
|
12 inches
|
12 inches
|
N/A
|
12 inches
|
Ten Feet
|
9 inches
|
9 inches
|
12 inches
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
12 inches
|
For poured or installed foam or rubber surfaces,
the materials must meet the ASTM F1292 requirements with written verification
from the manufacturer.
|
(4)
The use of a trampoline is prohibited at any time during the hours of operation
or by any children receiving care at the facility.
(5) Children shall be protected from the sun
during outdoor play by providing shade (as necessary), sunscreen, proper attire
and limiting the time of exposure to the elements. The provider must also
consider instructions by the child's parent or guardian. Drinking water should
be available as needed and outlined in Paragraph (9) of Subsection I of
8.9.4.34 NMAC.
K.
SWIMMING, WADING AND WATER:
(1) Each child
will have written permission from a parent or guardian before the child enters
a pool.
(2) If a home has a
portable wading pool:
(a) a home will drain
and fill the wading pool with fresh water daily and disinfect the pool
regularly;
(b) a home will empty a
wading pool when it is not in use and remove it from areas accessible to
children; and
(c) a home will not
use a portable wading pool placed on concrete or asphalt.
(3) If a home has a built in or above ground
swimming pool, ditch, fishpond or other water hazard:
(a) the fixture will be constructed,
maintained and used in accordance with applicable state and local
regulations;
(b) the fixture will
be constructed and protected so that, when not in use, it is inaccessible to
children; and
(c) when in use,
children will be constantly supervised and the number of adults present will be
increased to ensure adequate safety for the ages, abilities and type of water
hazard in use.
(4) The
following ratios shall be observed for swimming pools more than two feet deep:
Ratio for swimming pools more than
two feet deep
|
Age of the youngest child
|
Number of educators, lifeguards or
volunteers
|
Number of children
|
0-23 months
|
1
|
1
|
2 years
|
1
|
2
|
3 years
|
1
|
6
|
4 years
|
1
|
8
|
5 years
|
1
|
10
|
6 years and older
|
1
|
12
|
L. FIELD TRIPS:
(1) A home will ensure the children's safety
on field trips and excursions. See Subparagraph (g) of Paragraph (1) of
Subsection D of 8.9.4.32 NMAC for information on permission slips.
(2) Children will not go to a private
residence other than the licensed home unless accompanied by two
adults.