Current through Register Vol. 35, No. 18, September 24, 2024
A. General
requirements:
(1) The regional emissions
analysis required by 20.11.3.118 NMAC and 20.11.3.119 NMAC for the
transportation plan, TIP or project not from a conforming plan and TIP shall
include all regionally significant projects expected in the nonattainment or
maintenance area. The analysis shall include FHWA/FTA projects proposed in the
transportation plan and TIP and all other regionally significant projects which
are disclosed to the MPO as required by 20.11.3.105 NMAC. Projects which are
not regionally significant are not required to be explicitly modeled, but
vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from such projects shall be estimated in
accordance with reasonable professional practice and shall be reviewed by the
TCTC as part of the interagency consultation described in Paragraph (1) of
Subsection D of 20.11.3.105 NMAC. The effects of TCMs and similar projects that
are not regionally significant may also be estimated in accordance with
reasonable professional practice and shall be reviewed by the TCTC as part of
the interagency consultation described in Paragraph (1) of Subsection D of
20.11.3.105 NMAC.
(2) The emissions
analysis may not include for emissions reduction credit any TCMs or other
measures in the applicable implementation plan which have been delayed beyond
the scheduled date(s) until such time as their implementation has been assured.
If the measure has been partially implemented and it can be demonstrated that
it is providing quantifiable emission reduction benefits, the emissions
analysis may include that emissions reduction credit.
(3) Emissions reduction credit from projects,
programs or activities which require a regulatory action in order to be
implemented may not be included in the emissions analysis unless:
(a) the regulatory action is already adopted
by the enforcing jurisdiction;
(b)
the project, program or activity is included in the applicable implementation
plan;
(c) the control strategy
implementation plan submission or maintenance plan submission that establishes
the motor vehicle emissions budget(s) for the purposes of 20.11.3.118 NMAC
contains a written commitment to the project, program or activity by the agency
with authority to implement it; or
(d) EPA has approved an opt-in to a federally
enforced program, EPA has promulgated the program (if the control program is a
federal responsibility, such as vehicle tailpipe standards), or the Clean Air
Act requires the program without need for individual state action and without
any discretionary authority for EPA to set its stringency, delay its effective
date or not implement the program.
(4) Emissions reduction credit from control
measures that are not included in the transportation plan and TIP and that do
not require a regulatory action in order to be implemented may not be included
in the emissions analysis unless the conformity determination includes written
commitments to implementation from the appropriate entities.
(a) Persons or entities voluntarily
committing to control measures shall comply with the obligations of such
commitments.
(b) The conformity
implementation plan revision required in
40 CFR
51.390 shall provide that written commitments
to control measures that are not included in the transportation plan and TIP
shall be obtained prior to a conformity determination and that such commitments
shall be fulfilled.
(5)
A regional emissions analysis for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of
20.11.3.119 NMAC shall make the same assumptions in both the baseline and
"action" scenarios regarding control measures that are external to the
transportation system itself, such as vehicle tailpipe or evaporative emission
standards, limits on gasoline volatility, vehicle inspection and maintenance
programs, and oxygenated or reformulated gasoline or diesel fuel.
(6) The ambient temperatures used for the
regional emissions analysis shall be consistent with those used to establish
the emissions budget in the applicable implementation plan. All other factors,
for example the fraction of travel in a hot stabilized engine mode, shall be
consistent with the applicable implementation plan, unless modified after
interagency consultation according to Subparagraph (a) of Paragraph (1) of
Subsection D of 20.11.3.105 NMAC to incorporate additional or more
geographically specific information or represent a logically estimated trend in
such factors beyond the period considered in the applicable implementation
plan.
(7) Reasonable methods shall
be used to estimate nonattainment or maintenance area VMT on off-network
roadways within the urban transportation planning area, and on roadways outside
the urban transportation planning area.
B. Regional emissions analysis in serious,
severe and extreme ozone nonattainment areas and serious CO nonattainment areas
shall meet the requirements of Paragraphs (1) through (3) of Subsection B of
20.11.3.122 NMAC if their metropolitan planning area contains an urbanized area
population over 200,000.
(1) By January 1,
1997, estimates of regional transportation-related emissions used to support
conformity determinations shall be made at a minimum using network-based travel
models according to procedures and methods that are available and in practice
and supported by current and available documentation. These procedures, methods
and practices are available from DOT and shall be updated periodically.
Agencies shall discuss these modeling procedures and practices through the
interagency consultation process as required by Subparagraph (a) of Paragraph
(1) of Subsection D of 20.11.3.105 NMAC. Network-based travel models shall at a
minimum satisfy the following requirements:
(a) network-based travel models shall be
validated against observed counts (peak and off-peak, if possible) for a base
year that is not more than 10 years prior to the date of the conformity
determination; model forecasts shall be analyzed for reasonableness and
compared to historical trends and other factors, and the results shall be
documented;
(b) land use,
population, employment and other network-based travel model assumptions shall
be documented and based on the best available information; future speeds shall
be determined through interagency consultation as described in Paragraph (1) of
Subsection D of 20.11.3.105 NMAC;
(c) scenarios of land development and use
shall be consistent with the future transportation system alternatives for
which emissions are being estimated; the distribution of employment and
residences for different transportation options shall be reasonable;
(d) a capacity-sensitive assignment
methodology shall be used, and emissions estimates shall be based on a
methodology which differentiates between peak and off-peak link volumes and
speeds and uses speeds based on final assigned volumes;
(e) zone-to-zone travel impedances used to
distribute trips between origin and destination pairs shall be in reasonable
agreement with the travel times that are estimated from final assigned traffic
volumes and shall be determined through interagency consultation described in
Paragraph (1) of Subsection D of 20.11.3.105 NMAC; where use of transit
currently is anticipated to be a significant factor in satisfying
transportation demand, these times shall also be used for modeling mode splits;
and
(f) network-based travel models
shall be reasonably sensitive to changes in the time(s), cost(s) and other
factors affecting travel choices.
(2) Reasonable methods in accordance with
good practice shall be used to estimate traffic speeds and delays in a manner
that is sensitive to the estimated volume of travel on each roadway segment
represented in the network-based travel model.
(3) Highway performance monitoring system
(HPMS) estimates of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) shall be considered the
primary measure of VMT within the portion of the nonattainment or maintenance
area and for the functional classes of roadways included in HPMS, for urban
areas which are sampled on a separate urban area basis. For areas with
network-based travel models, a factor (or factors) may be developed to
reconcile and calibrate the network-based travel model estimates of VMT in the
base year of its validation to the HPMS estimates for the same period. These
factors may then be applied to model estimates of future VMT. In this factoring
process, consideration shall be given to differences between HPMS and
network-based travel models, such as differences in the facility coverage of
the HPMS and the modeled network description. Locally developed count-based
programs and other departures from these procedures are permitted subject to
the interagency consultation procedures Subparagraph (a) of Paragraph (1) of
Subsection D of 20.11.3.105 NMAC.
C. Two-year grace period for regional
emissions analysis requirements in certain ozone and CO areas: The requirements
of Subsection B of 20.11.3.122 NMAC apply to such areas or portions of such
areas that have not previously been required to meet these requirements for any
existing NAAQS two years from the following:
(1) the effective date of EPA's
reclassification of an ozone or CO nonattainment area that has an urbanized
area population greater than 200,000 to serious or above;
(2) the official notice by the census bureau
that determines the urbanized area population of a serious or above ozone or CO
nonattainment area to be greater than 200,000; or
(3) the effective date of EPA's action that
classifies a newly designated ozone or CO nonattainment area that has an
urbanized area population greater than 200,000 as serious or
above.
D. In all areas
not otherwise subject to Subsection B of 20.11.3.122 NMAC, regional emissions
analyses shall use those procedures described in Subsection B of 20.11.3.122
NMAC if the use of those procedures has been the previous practice of the MPO.
Otherwise, areas not subject to Subsection B of 20.11.3.122 NMAC may estimate
regional emissions using any appropriate methods that account for VMT growth
by, for example, extrapolating historical VMT or projecting future VMT by
considering growth in population and historical growth trends for VMT per
person. These methods shall also consider future economic activity, transit
alternatives and transportation system policies.
E. PM10 from
construction-related fugitive dust:
(1) For
areas in which the implementation plan does not identify construction-related
fugitive PM10 as a contributor to the nonattainment
problem, the fugitive PM10 emissions associated with
highway and transit project construction are not required to be considered in
the regional emissions analysis.
(2) In PM10
nonattainment and maintenance areas with implementation plans that identify
construction-related fugitive PM10 as a contributor to
the nonattainment problem, the regional PM10 emissions
analysis shall consider construction-related fugitive
PM10 and shall account for the level of construction
activity, the fugitive PM10 control measures in the
applicable implementation plan and the dust-producing capacity of the proposed
activities.
F.
PM2.5 from construction-related fugitive dust:
(1) For PM2.5 areas in
which the implementation plan does not identify construction-related fugitive
PM2.5 as a significant contributor to the nonattainment
problem, the fugitive PM2.5 emissions associated with
highway and transit project construction are not required to be considered in
the regional emissions analysis.
(2) In PM2.5
nonattainment and maintenance areas with implementation plans that identify
construction-related fugitive PM2.5 as a significant
contributor to the nonattainment problem, the regional
PM2.5 emissions analysis shall consider
construction-related fugitive PM2.5 and shall account
for the level of construction activity, the fugitive
PM2.5 control measures in the applicable implementation
plan, and the dust-producing capacity of the proposed activities.
G. Reliance on previous regional
emissions analysis:
(1) Conformity
determinations for a new transportation plan or TIP may be demonstrated to
satisfy the requirements of 20.11.3.118 NMAC,
Criteria and Procedures:
Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget, or 20.11.3.119 NMAC,
Criteria
and Procedures: Interim Emissions in Areas Without Motor Vehicle Emissions
Budgets, without new regional emissions analysis if the previous
regional emissions analysis also applies to the new plan or TIP. This requires
a demonstration that:
(a) the new plan or TIP
contains all projects that shall be started in the TIP's time frame in order to
achieve the highway and transit system envisioned by the transportation
plan;
(b) all plan and TIP projects
that are regionally significant are included in the transportation plan with
design concept and scope adequate to determine their contribution to the
transportation plan's or TIP's regional emissions at the time of the previous
conformity determination;
(c) the
design concept and scope of each regionally significant project in the new plan
or TIP are not significantly different from that described in the previous
transportation plan; and
(d) the
previous regional emissions analysis is consistent with the requirements of
20.11.3.118 NMAC (including that conformity to all currently applicable budgets
is demonstrated) or 20.11.3.119 NMAC, as applicable.
(2) A project which is not from a conforming
transportation plan and a conforming TIP may be demonstrated to satisfy the
requirements of 20.11.3.118 NMAC or 20.11.3.119 NMAC without additional
regional emissions analysis if allocating funds to the project shall not delay
the implementation of projects in the transportation plan or TIP which are
necessary to achieve the highway and transit system envisioned by the
transportation plan the previous regional emissions analysis is still
consistent with the requirements of 20.11.3.118 NMAC (including that conformity
to all currently applicable budgets is demonstrated) or 20.11.3.119 NMAC, as
applicable, and if the project is either:
(a)
not regionally significant; or
(b)
included in the conforming transportation plan (even if it is not specifically
included in the latest conforming TIP) with design concept and scope adequate
to determine its contribution to the transportation plan's regional emissions
at the time of the transportation plan's conformity determination, and the
design concept and scope of the project is not significantly different from
that described in the transportation plan.
(3) A conformity determination that relies on
Subsection G of 20.11.3.122 NMAC does not satisfy the frequency requirements of
Subsection B or Subsection C of 20.11.3.104 NMAC.