Current through Register Vol. 35, No. 18, September 24, 2024
A.
Scope and
application:
(1)
Scope and
purpose: This standard establishes minimum requirements for personal
protective clothing and equipment, training, respiratory protection, and
medical surveillance for firefighters when exposed to the hazards of
firefighting activity. This standard is not intended to supersede any more
stringent requirements in effect at any fire department in the state. Fire
departments are encouraged to provide protection that exceeds the minimum
requirements specified in the standard. This standard is not intended to cover
catastrophic situations where private citizens not trained in firefighting are
pressed into service.
(2)
Application: The requirements of this standard apply to public fire
departments, including those composed of private or contractual type fire
departments primarily performing duties normally performed by public fire
departments, and forest firefighting operations. For the requirements
applicable to fire brigades, industrial fire departments, and private or
contractual type fire departments generally, see 29 CFR Part 1910.156, Fire
Brigades.
B.
Firefighting equipment:
(1)
General requirements:
(a) All
firefighting equipment acquired after July 1, 1989 shall meet or exceed the
requirements of the appropriate NFPA standard as published in the national fire
codes as specified in Subsection K of this section.
(b) The employer shall inspect firefighting
equipment at least annually and maintain records of such inspections.
Firefighting equipment that is damaged or in an unserviceable condition shall
be repaired or removed from service.
(c) A visual inspection of all equipment
which has been utilized for firefighting shall be performed after each fire run
or daily, whichever is less frequent.
(d) Personal protective clothing and
equipment specified in this regulation shall be provided at no cost to the
employee, or the employee shall be reimbursed for the purchase of such clothing
and equipment. The protective clothing and equipment shall be used whenever
such employees are required to work in a hazardous environment that may be
encountered during firefighting activities or under similar conditions during
training activities.
(e) The
employer shall assure that protective clothing protects the head, body, and
extremities, and consists of at least the following components: foot and leg
protection; hand protection; eye, face and head protection.
(f) The employer shall assure proper
maintenance and use of all protective clothing and equipment.
(g) Employees shall be instructed to wear or
utilize appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment when directed to
work in a hazardous environment until such time as the officer in charge
determines that such protection is no longer required.
(h) Personal protective clothing and
equipment that has become damaged or otherwise defective to the point of
voiding its intended protection shall be repaired or removed from
service.
(2)
Foot
and leg protection:(a) Foot and leg
protection for structural firefighting may be achieved by either of the
following methods:
(i) fully extended boots
which provide protection for the entire leg; or
(ii) protective shoes or boots worn in
combination with protective trousers that meet the requirements of Subsection E
of this section.
(b)
Protective footwear for structural firefighting or turnout boots shall meet the
requirements of ASTM F2412-05 "test methods for foot protection" and ASTM
F2413-05 "specification for performance requirements for foot protection" for
class 75 footwear and shall have sole penetration resistance of 300 pounds
(1330N) when tested in accordance with MIL-B-2885D (1973) and amendment dated
1975, "Military Specification for Firemen's Boots". In addition, protective
footwear shall be water resistant for at least five inches (12.7 cm) above the
bottom of the heel and shall be equipped with slip resistant outer
soles.
(c) Foot and leg protection
provided for other than structural fires shall be appropriate for the potential
hazards.
(3)
Body
protection:
(a) Body protection shall
be provided for each firefighter when exposed to the hazards of structural
firefighting activity. Body protection shall consist of turnout clothing or an
appropriate combination of a turnout coat and protective clothing meeting the
requirements of this section.
(b)
Performance, construction, testing and certification of firefighter turnout
clothing and protective clothing shall be at least equivalent to the
requirements of NFPA standard no. 1971 "protective ensemble for structural fire
fighting" (2007 edition).
(c)
Turnout coats in combination with turnout trousers, or turnout coats and
protective clothing meeting these requirements shall be worn on all structural
fires until such time as the officer in charge determines that such protection
is no longer required. Body protection provided for other than structural fires
shall be appropriate for the potential hazards.
(4)
Hand protection:
(a) Protective gloves shall be provided for
each firefighter when exposed to the hazards of structural firefighting
activity. Such protective gloves shall be properly sized and suitable to the
hazards encountered in fires and fire related emergencies.
(b) Protective gloves for firefighting shall
be made of durable material designed to withstand the effects of flame, heat,
vapor, liquids, sharp objects and other hazards encountered in fires and
firefighting or shall be appropriate for the hazards encountered.
(c) Protective gloves shall meet the
requirements of NFPA standard no. 1971, "protective ensemble for structural
firefighting" (2007 edition), or a similar nationally approved
standard.
(5)
Head protection:
(a) Head protection
shall be provided for each firefighter, and shall be maintained in a location
of readiness for immediate response to fires and like emergencies. Head
protection shall be worn by firefighters whenever they are exposed to head
injury hazard. Head protection is normally provided for firefighters through
the use of helmets.
(b) Helmets
provided for use in structural firefighting shall meet the performance,
construction, and testing requirements of NFPA standard no. 1971, "protective
ensemble for structural firefighting" (2007 edition).
(6)
Eye and face protection:
employees exposed to eye or facial hazards shall be protected in accordance
with the following provisions.
(a) Face
shields of plastic or glass shall meet the optical qualities, impact
resistance, and light transmission standards specified in ANSI Z87.1-2003,
"practice for occupational and educational eye and face protection".
(b) Whenever eye and face protection is not
provided by the breathing apparatus facepiece, the face of the firefighter
engaged in structural firefighting shall be protected by a face shield attached
to the helmet or goggles and either heat and flame resistant hood or high
collar and throat strap.
(c) Eye
and face protection provided for other than structural fires shall be
appropriate for the potential hazards.
C.
Medical review:
(1) Firefighting activity requires that a
firefighter be able to work with extreme exertion and with agility and
endurance in a wide variety of hazardous situations in order to assure the
safety of the firefighter and others. The exposures include ranges of heat and
cold, smoke, possible allergens and toxins, and noise. The settings include
those with poor lighting, slippery surfaces, confined spaces, and heights. The
firefighter must be able to work using a self-contained breathing apparatus.
The firefighter's life and safety as well as the lives and safety of others
depend upon the firefighter's being physically and emotionally fit to work
effectively in such situations.
(2)
The employer shall assure that firefighters are physically and emotionally
capable of performing the specific duties which may be assigned to them by
instituting a program of medical review.
(3) Medical review is not intended to
eliminate those volunteer firefighters from performing firefighting activities
consistent with their medical limitations.
(4)
Initial requirements:
(a) At the time of initial assignment the
employer shall ensure that each firefighter completes the following forms or
equivalents: "medical history for firefighters" Subsection L of this section;
"performance criteria for firefighters" Subsection M of this section; and a
medical screening examination, performed in conformance with the "medical
screening form for firefighters" Subsection N of this section.
(b) Candidates for firefighting activities
answering "yes" to any of the questions or with responses left blank or
specified as uncertain on the "medical history for firefighters" Subsection L
of this section shall be certified for firefighting activities by a physician
in accordance with the "physician's certification criteria for firefighters"
Subsection O of this section with the following exceptions: if a firefighter
answers "yes" to item 21 or 22 of the "medical history for firefighters"
Subsection L of this section, a certification from a specialist (e.g.
optometrist, ophthalmologist, or audiologist) that the individual can function
as a firefighter will suffice in lieu of a complete physician's certification;
and if a firefighter answers "no" to item 27 of the "medical history for
firefighters" Subsection L of this section, the employer is required to make a
tetanus immunization available to the firefighter.
(c) A physician certifying a firefighter
shall be provided with a copy of the medical requirements of this
section.
(d) Candidates for
firefighting activities answering "yes" to any of the questions or with
responses left blank or specified as uncertain on the "performance criteria for
firefighters" Subsection M of this section may be allowed to perform only those
duties for which the employer determines they are fit.
(e) Candidates for firefighting activities
who have been screened in accordance with the "medical screening for
firefighters" Subsection N of this section and the health professional has
designated an answer as "yes", the candidate shall be certified by a physician
in accordance with the "physician's certification criteria for firefighters"
Subsection O of this section with the following exception.
(f) If the response to item 4, 5, 6 or 7 is
"yes", a certification from an optometrist or ophthalmologist that the
individual can function as a firefighter in accordance with item 2 of the
"physician's certification criteria for firefighters" Subsection O of this
section will suffice in lieu of a complete physician's certification.
(5)
Periodic
requirements: The employer shall ensure that the medical surveillance
required by this standard be performed every five years for firefighters below
age 35, every two years from ages 35 to 45, and annually after age
45.
(6)
Removal: A
firefighter may be removed from firefighting activities when the employer
becomes aware of a physical or mental condition as specified in Subsections K
through R of this section which would affect the safe performance of
specifically assigned duties. A firefighter shall be removed from those
firefighting duties when it is certified that a firefighter has a physical or
mental condition as specified in Subsections K through R of this section which
would affect the safe performance of specifically assigned duties. The
firefighter may return to such activities only after the changed capability is
restored or the firefighter has been approved for those duties by a
physician.
(7)
Records:(a) The employer shall
maintain the medical records required in this standard for the length of
employment of each firefighter plus five years.
(b) The employer shall make available upon
request all records required to be maintained by this standard to the bureau
for examination and copying.
D.
Training:
(1) The employer shall provide training and
education for all firefighters commensurate with those duties and functions
that firefighters are expected to perform. Such training and education shall be
provided to firefighters before they perform emergency activities.
(2) Formal training or education shall be
provided at least annually, and at least quarterly for those expected to
perform interior structural firefighting.
(3) Suggested training sources are included
in Subsection P of this section.
E.
Respiratory protection
equipment: Employers shall comply with the provisions of 29 CFR Part
1910.134, Respiratory Protection (internet: www.osha.gov).
F.
Confined spaces: All
confined spaces shall be considered to be immediately dangerous to life or
health unless proven otherwise. No firefighter shall be permitted to enter a
confined space for firefighting operations, including emergency rescue
operations, without wearing a SCBA. Confined spaces include, but are not
limited to, wells, cisterns, tunnels, pits and other such spaces where oxygen
deficiency or hazardous airborne materials, or both, may be present.
G.
Vision: Corrective lenses,
if required, shall be fitted in the facepiece in way that provides good vision
and shall be worn in such a manner as not to interfere with the seal of the
face of the facepiece.
H.
Absorption through or irritation of the skin: If toxic materials which
irritate or can be absorbed through the skin are encountered or suspected and
protective clothing worn by firefighters as specified in Subsection E of this
section does not provide adequate protection, an effective fully body covering
suit of impermeable materials shall be worn with the SCBA, as specified in
hazardous chemical data, NFPA "fire protection guide to hazardous materials
2001 edition".
I.
Effects of
ionizing radiation on the skin and whole body: The SCBA will not protect
the skin or whole body against ionizing radiation from airborne concentrations
of certain radioactive materials. All users of SCBA in such contaminated
atmospheres shall be made aware of the fact that special protection is
necessary in addition to the SCBA.
J.
Notification requirements:
Employers shall comply with the provisions of 11.5.1.16 NMAC, Recordkeeping and
Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.
K.
References:
(1) The following references are published by
the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy,
Massachusetts 02269:
(a) NFPA standard no.
1500, "fire department occupational safety and health program" (2007
edition);
(b) NFPA standard no.
1901, "automotive fire apparatus" (2003 edition);
(c) NFPA standard no. 1961, "fire hose" (2007
edition);
(d) NFPA standard no.
1962, "inspection, care, and use of firehose, couplings, and nozzles and the
service testing of fire hose" (2003 edition);
(e) NFPA standard no. 1971, "protective
ensemble for structural fire fighting" (2007 edition);
(f) NFPA standard no. 1981, "open-circuit
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services" (2007
version); and
(g) NFPA "fire
protection guide to hazardous materials" (2001 edition).
(2) The following references are published by
the American National Safety Institute Inc. (ANSI), 1430 Broadway, New York,
10018:
(a) ASTM F2412-05 "test methods for
foot protection" and ASTM F2413-05 "specification for performance requirements
for foot protection,";
(b) standard
no. Z89.1-2003, "American national standard for industrial head
protection";
(c) ANSI standard no.
Z87.1-2003, "practice for occupational and educational eye and face
protection";
(d) ANSI/CGA
G-7.1-2004, "American national standard commodity specification for
air";
(e) ANSI Z88.2-1980,
"standard practices for respiratory protection"; and
(f) ANSI S3.6-2004 "specification[s] for
audiometers".
(3) Copies
of the references listed in Paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection are
available for review in the Santa Fe office of the bureau.
L.
Medical history form: The
following form shall be used to record each firefighter's medical history:
MEDICAL HISTORY FOR FIREFIGHTERS
Name of Individual:
______________________________________________
Social Security No:
_______________________________________________
Check appropriate response to each
question.
Do you have or have you ever had:
NO YES
1. Emphysema () ()
2. Chronic bronchitis () ()
3. Asthma () ()
4. Daily cough persistent for more than eight
(8) weeks () ()
5. Coronary heart
disease (heart attack or angina pectoris) () ()
6. History of heart murmur, congenital heart
problem or
rheumatic fever. () ()
7. Shortness of breath, difficulty staying up
with healthy
adults, or walking briskly 1/4 mile. () ()
8. Irregular heart beat or
palpitations of heart () ()
9.
Chest pain with exertion () ()
10. Other heart problem () ()
11. High blood pressure () ()
12. Diabetes () ()
13. Epilepsy or seizures () ()
14. Emotional illness () ()
15. Arthritis () ()
16. Back disease or injury () ()
17. Neurologic disorder (nerve or brain
disease) () ()
18. Disease of
muscle or bone () ()
19.
Recurrent fainting or dizziness () ()
Do you now have:
20. Other respiratory problem (severe or
persistent) () ()
21. Impaired
hearing () ()
22. Impaired vision
(unless corrected with glasses) () ()
23. Hernia () ()
24. Allergies to substances in the
environment or to smoke () ()
25.
Other chronic serious disorders or disease requiring
medication or medical care () ()
26. Alcohol or drug abuse problems () (
)
27. Tetanus immunization within
10 years is important.
For prevention of Tetanus. Have you had a Tetanus
immunization within 10 years? () ()
I certify that the answers to the above questions are true to
the best of my knowledge.
_________________ _______________________________
DATE SIGNATURE
M.
Performance criteria form.
The following form shall be used to record each firefighter's performance
criteria:
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR FIREFIGHTERS
Name of Individual:
__________________________________________________
Social Security No:
___________________________________________________
Check appropriate response to each question. When in
doubt record "Yes". You need only answer the questions which apply to your
work.
Do you have any physical or mental condition that would
hamper your ability to do any of the following:
NO YES
1. Use self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) () ()
2. Run () (
)
3. Stand continuously for three
(3) hours () ()
4. Keep balance (
) ()
5. Crawl () ()
6. Kneel () ()
7. Climb/work at heights greater than 10 feet
() ()
8. Work in tight or
enclosed places () ()
9. Reach
above shoulder height with both arms () ()
10. Fully use both hands () ()
11. Use heavy exertion suddenly and
continuously () ()
Is there any reason that you cannot work under any of
the following environmental conditions?
NO YES
1. Very dry air () ()
2. Very humid air () ()
3. On slippery surfaces () ()
4. Heat () ()
5. Cold () ()
6. Very bright light () ()
7. Very dim light () ()
8. Noise () ()
9. Dust () ()
10. Smoke () ()
I certify that my answers to the above questions are true to
the best of my knowledge.
_____________________ ________________________________
DATE SIGNATURE
N.
Medical screening form. The
following form shall be used for medical screening of each firefighter:
MEDICAL SCREENING FORM FOR FIREFIGHTERS
Name of Individual:
_________________________________________________
Social Security No:
__________________________________________________
Check appropriate response to each question. When in doubt
record "Yes".
NO / YES
1. Systolic blood pressure (sitting) above
150 mm Hg () ()
2. Diastolic
blood pressure (sitting) above 100 mm Hg () ()
3. Pulse (sitting) above 95 beats/min. () (
)
Snellen test (contact lens not allowed)
4. Left eye (corrected) worse than 20/30 ()
()
5. Right eye (corrected) worse
than 20/30 () ()
6. Left eye
(uncorrected) worse than 20/200 () ()
7. Right eye (uncorrected) worse than 20/200
() ()
I certify that the findings are accurate.
________________________
________________________________
DATE SIGNATURE
_________________________________
PRINT NAME
__________________________________
PRINT PROFESSIONAL TITLE
O.
Physician's certification
criteria. The following criteria shall be used by any physician in the
examination of any firefighter for certification:
PHYSICIAN'S CERTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR
FIREFIGHTERS
1. Hearing
threshold level (corrected) in both ears not over 30 dB average at 500, 1000
and 2000 Hz, with no single frequency over 35 dB and not over 55 dB at 4,000 Hz
based on the zero reference level as specified in the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) S3.6-1969 (R1973) "Specifications for
Audiometers".
2. Vision acuity
worse than 20/30 (corrected) or 20/200 (uncorrected) in either eye. (Contact
lenses are not permitted.)
3.
Cardiovascular disease including (a) either history or electrocardiographic
evidence of myocardial infraction or angina pectoris, (b) abnormal
electrocardiogram with dysrhythmia, conduction block, or chamber hypertrophy,
unless specifically waived as being at risk for firefighting duties by a
physician, and (c) systemic arterial hypertension uncontrolled down to levels
below 150 mm Hg systolic and 100 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure.
4. Seizure disorder of any type unless free
of seizures and not taking anti-seizure medication throughout previous five (5)
years.
5. Chronic obstructive or
chronic restrictive lung disease with vital capacity or forced expiratory
volume in one second (FEV1) less than 75% predicted, or bronchial asthma
requiring chronic or intermittent medication.
6. Other physical or mental conditions that
preclude (a) strenuous effort (b) mobility, agility or alertness in dangerous
situations, or (c) the carrying out of the duties of a firefighter without
excess risk of harm to the firefighter's health or safety.
7. Incomplete tetanus immunization.
P.
Suggested training
sources:
(1) International Fire Service
Training Association, Oklahoma State University, Fire Protection Publication,
Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-0118.
(2) National Fire Protection Association,
Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269.
(3) New Mexico State Fire Marshal's office,
P.O. Box 1269, Santa Fe, NM 87504.
(4) National Inter-agency Qualification
System, Publication Management System, 3833 S. Development Way, Boise, Idaho
83705.
Q.
Inspection and maintenance check list for self-contained breathing
apparatus:
SERIAL #______ MANUFACTURER _____________ MODEL #______
LOCATION #____________
REGULATOR CHECK
|
CYLINDER CHECK
|
AUDI-LARM CHECK
|
APPARTUS CHECK
|
FACEPIECE CHECK
|
GASKET & AIRLEAK TEST
|
REMARKS
|
INSPECTED BY & DATE
|
1. Regulator
Check: The functions of the reducing value and of the emergency by-pass valve
shall be checked for proper operation.
2. Cylinder Check: Cylinder pressure shall be
at least 80% of the full operating pressure. Observation of cylinder pressure
gauge and regulator guage for corresponding pressure.
3. Audi-Larm Check: Check for Audi-Larm
function when system is activated and again when system is deactivated and
pressure falls below 400-600 psi.
4. Apparatus Check: Inspect conditions of
straps on harness, tightness of screws and fasteners, and locking
devices.
5. Facepiece Check:
Inspect facepiece components for damage and the condition of headband straps,
exhalation valve, speaking diaphragm, breathing tube and facepiece
lens.
6. Gasket & Airleak Test:
Inspect condition of breathing tube, "O" rings, and speaking diaphragm. If a
leak is suspected, apply soapy water to the threaded connection between the
valve body and the cylinder, to the pressure gage and its connection between
the valve body, to the safety plug, and to the regulator. Open the cylinder
valve and apply soapy water to the valve stem and packing gland nut. Expanding
bubbles indicate leaks.
7. Remarks:
Use this column to list and describe any replacement parts used or any repairs
made to the SCBA.
R.
Qualitative fit test protocols (QLFT):
(1)
Irritant smoke test: The
irritant smoke is produced by air flowing through a commercially available
stannic tetrachloride or titanium tetrachloride smoke tube normally used to
check the performance of ventilation systems. Ventilation should be provided in
the test room to prevent contamination of the room with smoke. If the
respirator wearer detects penetration of smoke in the respirator during the
test, the wearer should be permitted to readjust the seal of the SCBA. The test
operator operates the smoke tube to direct smoke over the SCBA while the wearer
is inhaling, keeping the smoke tube about one foot from the facepiece, and
watches the reactions of the wearer. If the wearer does not detect penetration
of smoke into the facepiece, the test operator moves the smoke tube closer to
the facepiece and observes the reactions of the wearer. When the smoke tube has
moved to within six inches of the facepiece and the wearer still has not
detected penetration of smoke, the smoke may be directed at potential sources
of leakage (for example, beneath the chin and around the cheeks, temples and
forehead) in the seal of the facepiece to the wearer. If the wearer still does
not detect penetration of smoke, the wearer should carry out a series of
exercises such as deep breathing, turning the head from side to side, nodding
the head up and down, frowning, and talking while smoke is directed at the
respirator. If the wearer is unable to detect penetration of smoke, a
satisfactory fit has been achieved.
(2)
Odorous vapor test:
(a) A material commonly used in the odorous
vapor test is isoamyl acetate. The simplest means of carrying out the test is
to saturate a piece of fabric or sponge or fill a stencil brush with liquid
isoamyl acetate and then move the fabric, sponge or stencil brush around the
facepiece of a respirator worn by a person. The fabric, sponge, or stencil
brush should be passed close to the potential sources of leakage in the seal of
the facepiece while the wearer is inhaling and performing the recommended
exercises. If the wearer detects the odor of isoamyl acetate vapor during the
test, the wearer should be permitted to readjust the seal of the facepiece. If
the wearer is unable to detect the odor of isoamyl acetate vapor when inhaling,
a satisfactory fit has been achieved.
(b) A major drawback of a test using isoamyl
acetate vapor as the test agent is that the odor threshold varies widely among
people. Most can detect by odor a concentration of isoamyl acetate vapor in air
as low as 0.1 parts per million by volume. After a person has smelled the odor
for a long period of time, olfactory fatigue may cause a failure to detect the
odor of low concentration of isoamyl acetate vapor in the air. Several hours
before a facepiece fitting test is performed, all those who are to undergo the
test should first be tested to determine their ability to detect the odor of
isoamyl acetate vapor in air. It should also be noted that people being tested
can fake the test by indicating that they do not detect the odor when they
actually do, or vice versa.
S.
Availability of forms: The
forms illustrated in Subsections L through Q of this section are available from
the bureau.