Current through Register Vol. 56, No. 18, September 16, 2024
(a) Every story utilized for human occupancy
having an occupant load of 500 or less shall be provided with a minimum of two
exits, except as provided in (b) below. Every story having an occupant load of
501 to 1,000 shall have a minimum of three exits. Every story having an
occupant load of more than 1,000 shall have a minimum of four exits.
1. Each mezzanine with an occupant load of
more than 50 or in which the travel distance to an exit exceeds 75 feet shall
have access to at least two independent means of egress by November 6,
1990.
2. When more than one exit is
required, an existing fire escape shall be accepted as providing one of the
required means of egress unless judged to be dangerous for use under emergency
exiting conditions.
i. Access to a fire
escape shall be through a door, except that window access shall be permitted
from single dwelling units or guestrooms in Use Groups R-1, R-2 and I-1 or when
serving spaces having a maximum occupant load of 10 in other use groups.
(1) Exception: Window access shall be
permitted to serve more than one guestroom for bed and breakfasts in Use Group
R-1 provided that the window serves a floor with a maximum occupant load of 10
and that the window has a clear opening of at least 5.7 square feet, a minimum
net clear opening of 24 inches in height, a minimum net clear opening of 20
inches in width, and a sill height of not more than 44 inches above the
finished floor.
(2) For bed and
breakfasts in Use Group R-1, where a door is required because the occupant load
served exceeds 10, the door shall have a clear opening of at least 10 square
feet, a minimum net clear opening of 54 inches in height and a minimum net
clear opening of 24 inches in width.
3. Any new fire escapes shall be constructed
and installed in accordance with the Uniform Construction Code Formal Technical
Opinion No. FTO-3 dated June 2001.
i. Access
to a fire escape shall be through a door installed in accordance with the
Uniform Construction Code Formal Technical Opinion No. FTO-3 dated June 2001,
except that window access shall be permitted from single dwelling units or
guestrooms in Use Groups R-1, R-2 and I-1 or when serving spaces having a
maximum occupant load of 10 in other use groups.
(1) Exception: Window access shall be
permitted to serve more than one guestroom for bed and breakfasts in Use Group
R-1 provided that the window serves a floor with a maximum occupant load of 10
and that the window has a clear opening of at least 5.7 square feet, a minimum
net clear opening of 24 inches in height, a minimum net clear opening of 20
inches in width, and a sill height of not more than 44 inches above the
finished floor.
(2) For bed and
breakfasts in Use Group R-1, where a door is required because the occupant load
served exceeds 10, the door shall have a clear opening of at least 10 square
feet, a minimum net clear opening of 54 inches in height and a minimum net
clear opening of 24 inches in width.
4. In all buildings of Use Group A, Use Group
E, buildings of Use Group I, rooming houses, and child care centers, ladders of
any type are prohibited on all new and existing fire escapes used as a required
means of egress.
5. All occupants
shall have unobstructed access to all new and existing fire escapes without
having to pass through a room subject to locking.
6. In all bed and breakfast homestays, every
sleeping room shall be provided with an approved window having sill height of
not more than 44 inches.
7. In
dwelling units in basements or stories below grade in buildings of Use Group
R-2 that are not equipped throughout with an automatic fire sprinkler system,
there shall be at least two exits from each dwelling unit.
i. An approved window providing a clear
opening of at least five square feet in area, a minimum net clear opening of 24
inches in height and a minimum net clear opening of 20 inches in width, and a
sill height of not more than 44 inches above the finished floor, shall be
acceptable as one of the required exits.
(b) In buildings having only one exit, the
single exit condition shall be permitted to continue as follows:
1. In buildings of Use Group R-3;
2. In all buildings, in the story at the
level of exit discharge when the occupant load of the story does not exceed 50
and the exit access travel distance does not exceed 75 feet;
i. Exception to (b)2 above: In buildings of
Use Group I and in rooming houses and child care centers, regardless of Use
Group, two means of egress shall be required.
3. In buildings of Use Groups R-1 and R-2,
not more than two stories in height, from floors that are not more than 16 feet
above exterior grade, when there are not more than four dwelling units per
floor and the exit access travel distance does not exceed 50 feet. The minimum
fire resistance rating of the exit enclosure and of the opening protection
shall be one hour.
i. In community residences
for the developmentally disabled, the maximum occupant load, excluding staff,
is 12.
4. In buildings of
Use Group B or S-2, not more than two stories in height, which are not greater
than 3000 square feet per floor, when the exit access travel distance does not
exceed 75 feet. The minimum fire resistance rating of the exit enclosure and of
the opening protection shall be one hour.
5. Open parking structures where vehicles are
mechanically parked.
(c)
In multi-level dwelling units in buildings of Use Groups R-1 or R-2, an exit
shall not be required from each level of the dwelling unit provided that the
following conditions are met:
1. The building
in which such dwelling units are contained is of type 1 or type 2 construction
and the travel distance within the dwelling unit does not exceed 75 feet;
or
2. The building in which such
dwelling units are contained is not more than three stories in height and all
third floor space is part of one or more dwelling units located in part on the
second floor and no habitable room within any such dwelling unit shall have a
travel distance that exceeds 50 feet from the outside of the habitable room
entrance door to the inside of the entrance door to the dwelling
unit.
(d) All rooms and
spaces having an occupant load greater than 50 or in which the travel distance
exceeds 75 feet shall have a minimum of two egress doorways.
1. The following are exceptions to (d) above:
i. Storage rooms having a maximum occupant
load of 10;
ii. Classrooms having a
maximum occupant load of 75 in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic
fire suppression system;
iii. In
buildings of Use Group I-2, any patient sleeping room or suite of rooms greater
than 1,000 square feet shall have a minimum of two egress doorways.
(e) When buildings of
Use Groups A-2 and A-3 have more than two individual rooms which can be used
for separate functions and each room has an occupant load of more than 300, the
required egress doors from such rooms shall lead directly outside or to an exit
passageway.
1. Such passageways shall be
completely enclosed by assemblies having a fire-resistance rating of not less
than two hours.
2. Such passageways
shall not be used for any other purpose and shall lead directly
outside.
(f) The capacity
of means of egress in each story shall be sufficient for the occupant load
thereof.
1. The capacity per unit of egress
width shall be computed in accordance with the Table 5:70-4.11(f)1 for the
specified use groups.
| Table 5:70-4.11(f)1 |
| CAPACITY PER UNIT EGRESS
WIDTH |
| Without fire suppression system
Number of occupants | With fire suppression
system Number of occupants |
| Use
group | Stairways | Doors, Ramps and
Corridors | Stairways | Doors, Ramps and
Corridors |
| A | 75 | 100 | 113 | 150 |
| B | 60 | 100 | 90 | 150 |
| E | 75 | 100 | 113 | 150 |
| F | 60 | 100 | 90 | 150 |
| H | -- | -- | 60 | 100 |
| I-1 | 60 | 100 | 90 | 100 |
| I-2 | 22 | 30 | 35 | 45 |
| I-3 | 60 | 100 | 90 | 150 |
| M | 60 | 100 | 90 | 150 |
| R | 75 | 100 | 113 | 150 |
| S | 60 | 100 | 90 | 150 |
2.
The unit of egress width for all approved types of means of egress parts and
facilities shall be 22 inches with a credit of one half unit for each 12 inches
width in addition to one or more 22 inch units. Fractions of a unit of width
less than 12 inches shall not be credited.
3. The maximum permitted occupant load of a
given space shall be determined by dividing the floor area for a given use by
the occupant load factor in Table 5:70-4.11(f)3.
i. Except in Use Group A-2 (nightclubs), the
occupant load may be equal to the total number of occupants for whom exit
capacity is provided as determined by (f)1 above. The resulting total occupant
load shall not exceed one occupant per five square feet of net floor area over
the entire use.
| Table 5:70-4.11(f)3 |
| Floor Area Per Occupant |
| Use | Occupant Load Factor in
square |
| feet per occupant |
| Assembly |
| Fixed seating | Note 1 |
| Tables and chairs | 15 net |
| Chairs only | 7 net |
| Dance floors | 7 net |
| Standing space | 5 net |
| Waiting space (Note 2) | 3 net |
| Bowling centers |
| Lanes | 5 persons |
| Other areas | per assembly above |
| Business | 100 gross |
| Educational |
| Fixed seating | Note 1 |
| Classrooms | 20 net |
| Shops and vocational areas | 50 net |
| Industrial | 100 gross |
| Institutional |
| Inpatient treatment | 240 gross |
| Outpatient | 100 gross |
| Sleeping rooms | 120 gross |
| Library |
| Reading room | 50 net |
| Stack area | 100 gross |
| Mercantile |
| Grade floor or basement | 30 gross |
| All other floors | 60 gross |
| Storage, stock, shipping | 300 gross |
| Parking garages | 200 gross |
| Residential | 200 gross |
| Storage areas, mechanical equipment room | 300
gross |
Note 1. The occupant load for that portion of an assembly
area having fixed seats shall be determined by the number of fixed seats
installed. Capacity of seats without dividing arms is one person per 18 inches.
For booths, one seat equals 24 inches. One person is allowed for each fixed
seat with dividing arms or fixed stand alone stool.
Note 2. Waiting space means that space in an assembly
occupancy where persons are admitted to the building at times when seats are
not available to them and are allowed to wait in a lobby or similar space until
seats are available. Such use of the lobby or similar space shall not encroach
upon the required clear width of exits.
(g) All buildings of Use Group A with an
occupant load of 100 or more shall be provided with a main entrance capable of
serving as the main exit with an egress capacity for at least one-half the
total occupant load. The remaining exits shall be capable of providing
two-thirds of the total required exit capacity.
1. For Use Group A-2 (nightclubs), the main
exit and at least one remaining exit shall be placed a distance apart equal to
one-half the length of the maximum overall diagonal distance of the area served
in buildings not equipped throughout with an automatic fire sprinkler system
and one-third the maximum overall diagonal distance of the area served in
buildings or portions thereof that are equipped throughout with an automatic
fire sprinkler system.
2. Use Group
A-2 (nightclub) buildings or portions thereof with an occupant load of more
than 300 shall have a main entrance capable of serving as the main exit with an
egress capacity for at least two-thirds of the total occupant load. The
remaining exits shall also be capable of providing two-thirds of the total
required exit capacity.
(h) The length of a dead end corridor shall
not exceed 35 feet.
1. The following are
exceptions to (h) above:
i. The maximum length
of a dead end corridor shall be 50 feet in buildings equipped throughout with
an automatic fire alarm system installed in accordance with the New Jersey
Uniform Construction Code.
ii. The
maximum length of a dead end corridor shall be 70 feet in buildings equipped
throughout with an automatic fire suppression system installed in accordance
with the New Jersey Uniform Construction Code.
(i) All means of egress shall be provided
with artificial illumination as follows:
1.
All means of egress in other than buildings of Use Group R-3 shall be equipped
with artificial lighting facilities to provide the intensity of illumination
herein prescribed continuously during the time that conditions of occupancy of
the building require that the exits be available. Lighting shall also be
provided to illuminate the exit discharge in all buildings other than Use
Groups F, H and S. In buildings of Use Group R-2, means of egress lighting,
except that lighting within a dwelling unit, shall be wired on a circuit
independent of circuits within any dwelling unit. The disconnecting means and
overcurrent protection device shall not be located within a dwelling unit or
such that access must be obtained by going through a dwelling unit.
2. The intensity of light at floor level
shall be not less than one foot candle.
3. In buildings of Use Groups A and E used
for the exhibition of motion pictures or other projections by means of directed
light, and in buildings or spaces of Use Group A-1 or A-2 (nightclubs) used for
performances, illumination may be reduced during periods of projection or
performance to not less than 0.2 foot candle.
i. The lighting of exits, aisles, auditoriums
and other assembly spaces shall be controlled from a location inaccessible to
unauthorized persons. Supplementary control shall also be provided in the
motion picture projection room or lighting booth, if any.
ii. In assembly spaces, illumination shall be
restored automatically to the level required by (i)2 above upon activation of
the fire suppression or fire alarm system.
(j) Means of egress lighting shall be
connected to an emergency electrical system conforming to the adopted
electrical subcode of the Uniform Construction Code in effect at the time of
installation to assure continued illumination for a duration of not less than
one hour in case of primary power loss in all buildings, rooms, or spaces
required to have more than one exit or exit access.
(k) In all buildings, rooms, or spaces
required to have more than one exit or exit access, all required means of
egress shall be indicated with approved internally illuminated, externally
illuminated, or self-luminous signs reading "Exit", visible from the exit
access and, when necessary, supplemented by directional signs in the exit
access indicating the direction and way of egress. All "Exit" signs shall be
located at exit doors or exit access areas, so as to be readily visible.
1. Exceptions to (k) above:
i. Exit signs shall not be required in
buildings of Use Groups I-1, R-2 and R-3 having a total occupant load,
excluding staff, of 20 or less.
ii.
Exit signs shall not be required when the second means of egress is a fire
escape that is accessed directly from the individual sleeping rooms.
iii. Approved main exterior doors that are
clearly identified as exits are not required to have "Exit" signs.
2. "Exit" signs shall have red or
green letters at least six inches high and the minimum width of each stroke
shall be three-quarter inch on a white background or in other approved
distinguishable colors. If an arrow is provided as part of an "Exit" sign, the
construction shall be such that the arrow direction cannot be readily changed.
The word "Exit" shall be clearly discernible when the internally illuminated
sign is not energized.
3. Each sign
shall be illuminated by a source providing not less than five foot candles at
the illuminated surface.
i. Exception to (k)3
above: Approved self-luminous signs which provide evenly illuminated letters
shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot lamberts.
4. All "Exit" signs shall be illuminated at
all times when the building is occupied. To assure continued illumination for a
duration of not less than one hour in case of primary power loss, the "Exit"
signs shall be connected to an emergency electrical system.
i. Exception to (k)4 above: Approved
self-luminous signs which provide continuous illumination independent of
external power sources need not be connected to an emergency electrical
system.
(l)
Means of egress doors shall conform to the following:
1. All egress doors serving an occupant load
greater than 50 shall swing in the direction of exit travel;
2. In building of Use Groups R-1 and R-2 all
doors opening onto a passageway at grade or exit stair shall be self-closing
and self-latching or automatic closing and self-latching listed closure
devices.
3. All dwelling unit,
guest room, or rooming unit corridor doors in buildings of Use Groups R-1, R-2,
or I-1 shall be at least 1 3/8 inch solid core wood or approved equal with
approved door closers, shall be self-latching and shall not have any glass
panels, other than approved wire glass in metal frames. Corridor doors shall
not be constructed of hollow core wood, shall not contain louvers and shall not
be of panel construction. Doors shall fit both plumb and level in frames, and
be reasonably tight fitting. All replacement doors shall be 1 3/4 inch solid
core wood or approved equal, unless the existing frame will accommodate only a
1 3/8 inch door.
i. Existing doors meeting
the requirements of Federal Housing and Urban Development Rehabilitation
Guidelines Fire Rating of Archaic Materials and Assemblies or of Section 5 of
Appendix B of the BOCA Basic/National Existing Structures Code, 1984 Ed. for a
rating of 15 minutes or better shall be accepted as meeting the provisions of
this requirement.
(1) Modifications made to
existing doors to achieve the required rating shall be conducted in accordance
with the Uniform Fire Code.
ii. Existing doors in buildings provided with
approved, complete automatic suppression shall be required only to provide a
smoke barrier; shall not contain louvers; shall fit plumb and level; and be
reasonably tight fitting.
iii. In
group homes with a maximum of 15 occupants, and which are protected with an
approved automatic detection system, closing devices may be omitted.
4. Buildings of Use Group I-3
having remote power unlocking capability on more than 10 doors shall be
provided with an emergency power source for such locks. Power shall be arranged
to automatically operate upon failure of normal power within 10 seconds and for
a duration of not less than one hour.
5. All required exit doors equipped with
latching devices in buildings or portions thereof of Use Group A with an
occupant load greater than 100 shall be equipped with approved panic hardware
by November 6, 1990.
(m)
Every required exit stairway having three or more risers and not provided with
handrails or in which the existing handrails are judged to be in danger of
collapsing when used under emergency exiting conditions, shall be provided with
handrails for the full length of the run of steps on at least one side. All
exit stairways more than 66 inches wide and subject to the maximum designed
occupancy load shall have handrails on both sides. Where there are no handrails
or where the existing handrails must be replaced in order to correct a
hazardous condition, the handrails shall be designed and installed in
accordance with the provisions of the New Jersey Uniform Construction
Code.
(n) Every open portion of a
stair, landing, or balcony which is more than 30 inches above the floor or
grade below and not provided with guards or those in which the existing guards
are judged to be in danger of collapsing when used under emergency exiting
conditions, shall be provided with guards. Where there are no guards or where
the existing guards must be replaced in order to correct a hazardous condition,
the guards shall be designed and installed in accordance with the New Jersey
Uniform Construction Code.
(o) In
all buildings of Use Group R-1 and R-2 all transoms shall be either glazed with
1/4" wire glass set in metal frames and permanently secured in the closed
position or sealed with materials consistent with the corridor construction.
Any other sash, grill or opening in a corridor, and any window in a corridor
not opening to the outside air, shall be sealed with materials consistent with
the corridor construction.
