Current through September 17, 2024
005.01 The
Department may require any person responsible for the operation of an emission
source to make or have tests made to determine the rate of contaminant
emissions from the source whenever it has reason to believe on the basis of
estimates of potential contaminant emissions rates from the source and due
consideration of probable efficiency of any existing control device, or visible
emission determinations made by an official observer, that existing emissions
exceed the limitations required in these control regulations. Such tests may
also be required pursuant to verifying that any newly installed control device
meets performance specifications. Should the Department determine that the test
did not represent normal operating conditions or emissions, additional tests
may be required.
005.02 Required
tests will be conducted in accordance with the following test methods and
procedures, as applicable. Administrator, as used in the following appendices,
means Administrator of EPA.
005.02A 40 CFR
Part 51, Appendix M
005.02B 40 CFR
Part 60, Appendices A,B,C,F.
005.02C 40 CFR Part 61, Appendix B.
005.02D 40 CFR Part 63, Appendix A.
005.02E 40 CFR Part 266, Appendix
IX.
005.02F Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication SW-846 (3rd
Edition) (November 1986) and its Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IIIB, IVA,
IVB, V, and VI.
005.02G Such tests
will be conducted by qualified individuals. A certified written copy of the
test results signed by the person conducting the test will be provided to the
Department within 60 days of completion of the test unless a different period
is specified in the underlying requirements of an applicable federal
regulation.
005.03 The
owner or operator of a source will provide the Department 30 days notice prior
to testing to afford the Department an opportunity to have an observer present.
The Department may, in writing, approve a notice of less than 30 days. If the
testing is pursuant to an underlying requirement contained in a federal
regulation, the notice provisions of the underlying regulation apply.
005.04 The Department may conduct tests of
emissions of contaminants from any stationary source.
005.04A Upon written request from the
Department, the person responsible for the source to be tested will provide the
Department with all necessary test ports in stacks or ducts and such other safe
and proper facilities, exclusive of instruments and sensing devices, as may be
reasonably necessary to conduct the test with due regard being given to
expenditures and possible disruption of normal operations of the
source.
005.04B A report concerning
the findings of such tests will be furnished to the person responsible for the
source upon request.
005.05 A continuous monitoring system for the
measurement of opacity will be installed and placed in operation by the owner
or operator of any fossil fuel-fired steam generator with greater than 250
million BTUs per hour heat input. Exemptions from this requirement will be made
if gaseous fuel and oil is the only fuel burned and the source has never been
out of compliance with Section 001 of this Chapter. Installation, calibration,
operation and reporting will be in accordance with the procedures specified in
40 CFR Part 60. Administrator, as used in 40 CFR Part 60, means Administrator
of EPA.
005.06 The Director may
require the owner or operator of any other emission source which is subject to
the provisions of these regulations to install, use and maintain such
monitoring equipment as is necessary to demonstrate continuing compliance with
any applicable emissions limitations, and to maintain records and make reports
regarding such measured emissions to the Department in a manner and on a
schedule to be determined by the Director.
005.07 When a new or modified stationary
source becomes operational, the owner or operator will conduct performance
tests, if required, within 60 days after reaching maximum capacity but not
later than 180 days after the start-up of operations. Failure to meet
established performance standards will result in withdrawal of the provisional
approval granted to operate the new or modified stationary source. Final
approval and issuance of an operating permit will be withheld for operation of
the affected facility until such time as the owner or operator has corrected
the deficiencies determined by the performance tests. Upon satisfactory
accomplishment of a valid series of performance tests, approval for operation
of the new or modified stationary source will be granted through issuance of an
operating permit in accordance with Chapter 6.
005.08 Notwithstanding any other provisions
of this Title, the following methods may be used to determine compliance with
applicable requirements:
005.08A A monitoring
method approved for the source and incorporated in an operating permit pursuant
to Chapter 6;
005.08B Any
compliance test method specified in the State Implementation Plan;
005.08C Any test or monitoring method
approved for the source in a permit issued pursuant to Chapters 3, 4, 12, or
13;
005.08D Any test or monitoring
method provided for in this Title; or
005.08E Any other test, monitoring, or
information-gathering method that produces information comparable to that
produced by any method described in Sections 005.08A through 005.08D.
005.09 Predictive Emissions
Monitoring System (PEMS) requirements. Where allowed by the Department, the
owner or operator of any PEMS used to meet a pollutant monitoring requirement
will comply with the following:
005.09A The
PEMS will predict the pollutant emissions in the units of the applicable
emission limitations.
005.09B
Monitor diluent, either O2 or CO2
when applicable:
005.09B1 Using a CEMS:
005.09B1(a) In accordance with 40 CFR Part 60
Appendix B, Performance Specification 3 for diluent; or
005.09B1(b) With a similar alternative method
approved by the Director and EPA; or
005.09B2 Using a PEMS with a method approved
by the Director and EPA.
005.09C Any PEMS will meet the requirements
of 40 CFR Part 75, Subpart E except as provided in Section 005.09E.
005.09D The owner or operator of any PEMS
installed subsequent to adoption of Section 005.09E will perform the following
initial certification procedures:
005.09D1
Conduct initial Relative Accuracy Test Audit (RATA) at low, medium, and high
operating levels using 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B:
005.09D1(a) Performance Specification 2,
Subsection 8.4 (pertaining to NOx) in terms of the applicable standard (in
ppmv, lb/MMBtu, or g/hp-hr). except the relative accuracy will be 10%, or
within 2 ppm absolute difference;
005.09D1(b) Performance Specification 3,
Subsections 8 and 13.2 (pertaining to O2 or
CO2); and
005.09D1(c) Performance Specification 4,
Subsections 8 and 13.2 (pertaining to CO), for owners or operators electing to
use a CO PEMS; and
005.09D2 Conduct a t-test, an F-test, and a
correlation analysis using 40 CFR Part 75, Appendix A, Section 7.6 and Section
75.41(c)(1) and (2) at low, medium, and high load levels.
005.09D2(a) Calculations will be based on a
minimum of 27 successive emission data points at each tested level which are at
least seven-minute averages;
005.09D2(b) The t-test and the correlation
analysis will be performed using all data collected at the three tested
levels;
005.09D2(c) The correlation
analysis may be waived following review of the waiver request submittal if:
(a) The process design is such that it is
technically impossible to vary the process to result in a concentration change
sufficient to allow a successful correlation analysis statistical test. Any
waiver request will also be accompanied with documentation of the reference
method measured concentration. The waiver is to be based on the measured value
at the time of the waiver. Should a subsequent RATA effort identify a change in
the reference method measured value by more than 30%, the statistical test must
be repeated at the next RATA effort to verify the successful compliance with
the correlation analysis statistical test requirement; or
(b) The data for a measured compound (e.g.,
NOx, O2) are determined to be auto-correlated according
to the procedures of 40 CFR Part 75.41(b)(2). A complete analysis of
autocorrelation with support information will be submitted with the request for
waiver. The statistical test will be repeated at the next RATA effort to verify
the successful compliance with the correlation analysis statistical test
requirement.
005.09D2(d)
Allowable Test Adjustments.
(a) For either
NOxor CO and for the purpose of conducting an f-test, if the standard deviation
of the EPA reference method is less than either 3% of the span or five parts
per million (ppm), use an EPA reference method standard deviation of either
five ppm or 3% of span.
(b) For the
diluent CO2 or O2, and for the
purpose of conducting an f-test, if the standard deviation of the reference
method is less than 3% of span, use an EPA reference method standard deviation
of 3% of span.
(c) For either NOx
or CO and at any one test level, if the mean value of the EPA reference method
is less than either ten ppm or 5% of the standard, all statistical tests are
waived for that emission parameter at that specific test level.
(d) For the diluent O2
or CO2 and at any one test level, if the mean value of
the reference method is less than 3% of span, all statistical tests are waived
for that diluent parameter at that specific test level.
005.09D3 All
requests for waivers will be submitted to the Department for review and
approval. The Director will approve or deny each waiver request;
005.09D4 The owner or operator will, for each
alternative fuel fired in a unit, certify the PEMS in accordance with Sections
005.09D1 or 005.09D2 unless the alternative fuel effects on NOx, CO, and
O2 (or CO2) emissions were
addressed in the model training process.
005.09D5 The PEMS will be subject to the
approval of the Director.
005.09E The owner or operator may vary from
sections 005.09C or 005.09D if the owner or operator:
005.09E1 Demonstrates to the satisfaction of
the Director that the alternative is substantially equivalent to the
requirements; or
005.09E2
Demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Director that the requirement is not
applicable.
005.10 Applying for Approval of a PEMs
System.
005.10A Approval to use PEMS will be
limited to the specific unit and fuel type for which certification testing was
conducted. Any future change in the type or composition of the fuel, or
combustion characteristics of the boiler, will require that the PEMS be
recertified, unless the PEMS was initially constructed to account for different
fuel types and/or compositions. In this case, fuel switching would be permitted
without recertification. Owners or operators may attempt to justify that a
slight change in fuel composition does not affect emissions and the PEMS does
not need be recertified. The approval of such justification will be determined
by the Director.
005.10B Owners or
operators will submit the following information in the application for
certification or recertification of a predictive emissions monitoring system:
005.10B1 Source identification information
including unit description, heat rate, and fuel type.
005.10B2 A general description of the
software and hardware components of the PEMS including manufacturer, type of
computer, name(s) of software product(s), and monitoring technique.
Manufacturer literature and other similar information will also be submitted,
as appropriate.
005.10B3 A detailed
description of the predictive emissions monitoring system. Identify all
operational parameters or ambient conditions which are determined to have an
effect on the predicted emissions. If the PEMS is developed on the basis of
physical principles, identify any specific physical assumptions or mathematical
manipulations made that justify suitability of the model. If the PEMS is
developed on the basis of linear or nonlinear regression analysis, submit the
paired raw data used in developing or training the model and specifically
identify the tested operating range for every input parameter and the number of
data points used in the development of the model.
005.10B4 A detailed description of the
hardware CEMS or the reference method used during the testing period.
005.10B5 Data collection procedures including
location of the sampling probe and methods to ensure accurate
representativeness of emissions being measured.
005.10B6 A detailed description of all PEMS
operation, maintenance, and quality assurance and control procedures to be
implemented.
005.10B7
Identification of all sensors pertaining to the PEMS and a detailed description
of the sensor validation procedure and calibration frequency for each
sensor.
005.10B8 Description of
monitor reliability, accessibility, and timeliness analysis from Section
005.11.
005.10B9 A description of
the method used to calculate heat input, if applicable.
005.10B10 Data, calculations, and results of
the RATA test and the statistical tests performed at all three loads and fuel
types as listed under 40 CFR § 75.48(a)(3).
005.10B11 Data plots as specified in 40 CFR
§ 75.41(a)(9) and 75.41(c)(2)(i).
005.10B12 A summary of all results and
calculations which demonstrates that PEMS is equivalent in performance to that
of the certified hardware CEMS or EPA reference method.
005.11 Quality Assurance
Procedure for PEMS. The owner or operator will develop and implement a quality
assurance and quality control (QA/QC) manual for the PEMS and its components.
The manual should include daily, quarterly, and semiannual or annual assessment
procedures or operations to ensure continuous and reliable performance of the
PEMS. The QA/QC manual should also include a ready and detailed specific
corrective action plan that can be executed at times when the monitoring
systems are inoperative. The QA/QC manual will be placed in a readily
accessible location on the plant site. Owners or operators will assign the
responsibility of implementing the QA/QC manual to designated employees and
will ensure at all times that these employees have the technical and practical
training needed to execute this plan.
005.11A
Daily Assessment. Identify any specific steps, measures, or maintenance plans
that can be taken to ensure proper functioning of the monitoring systems.
Develop a plan to detect any thermocouple, flow monitoring, and sensor
failures. If the PEMS is developed to operate in a specific operating range,
develop a plan that will ensure continuous operation within the specified
operating range. It is the responsibility of the owner or operator to make sure
that the model is trained over a wide range of operating parameters. Operation
outside any of the operating ranges will be considered monitor
downtime.
005.11B Quarterly
Assessment. The owner or operator will develop and implement a plan that will
ensure proper accuracy and calibration of all operational parameters that
affect emissions and serve as input to the predictive monitoring system. All
sensors will be calibrated as often as needed but never to exceed the time
recommended by the manufacturers, for the specific applications these sensors
are being used.
005.11C Semiannual
or Annual Assessment. Following initial RATA, conduct RATA semiannually,
pursuant to 005.09D1, at normal load operations, for each unit. If the relative
accuracy for the initial or most recent audit for the NOx, CO,
CO2, (or O2) monitors is 7.5
percent or less, subsequent RATA may be performed on an annual
basis.
005.12 PEMS
Partial Certification. In certain cases, the owner or operator may not be able
to adjust all of the parameters of the model over the entire desired range of
operation at one time. In this case, the owner or operator may certify the PEMS
in a restricted range of operation in accordance with the PEMS certification
procedure.
005.12A If, at a later date, the
owner or operator wishes to operate outside the demonstrated range of the
certified PEMS, the owner or operator may extend the demonstrated range by
certifying at a new range within 60 days of cumulative operation of the
parameter at that range.
005.13 Monitor downtime periods for PEMS
include the following:
005.13A Operating out
of range of any operational parameters that affect NOx.
005.13B One or more sensor
failures.
005.13C Uncertified fuel
switching or fuel composition changes unless approved.
005.13D Failing the RATA or any applicable
statistical tests. If a PEMS fails the RATA or statistical tests, downtime is
the time corresponding to the completion of the sampling that results in the
failure, until the time corresponding to the completion of the subsequent
successful sampling.
005.13E
Failure of any quality assurance procedure specified in accordance with
005.11.
005.13F Failure to complete
a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing and data recording)
for each successive 15 minute period of emission unit operation.
005.14 PEMS Adjustments and
Tuning. Adjustments and tuning are permissible provided that the date, reasons,
and details of the PEMS adjustments are documented, submitted to the Department
and the documentation placed in an accessible location on the plant site,
suitable for inspection by the Department at any time, sufficient to identify
that the PEMS for any unit has been inspected, the occurrence of the last PEMS
adjustment, and the last RATA performed for that unit. The PEMS will be
retrained on an augmented set of data which includes the set of data used for
training the model prior to adjustment and the newly collected set of data
needed for adjustment of the model. When PEMS retraining is performed within
the demonstrated range of certification, no RATA testing is required. No
tampering with the PEMS is allowed during periods when no PEMS adjustments or
tuning are being performed.
005.15
Notification, recordkeeping, and reporting. Owners or operators using
predictive emissions monitoring systems will maintain for each unit a file of
all measurements, data, reports, and other information in a form suitable for
inspection for at least five years from the date of each record.
005.15A Notification.
005.15A1 The owner or operator will submit
written notification to the Department in accordance with this Chapter of the
date of any predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS) relative accuracy
test audit (RATA).
005.15A2 The
owner or operator will submit to the Department a copy of results of any PEMS
RATA and statistical testing conducted in accordance with Section
005.11C.
005.15B
Recordkeeping. The owner or operator will maintain written or electronic
records of the data specified below. Such records will be kept for a period of
at least five years and will be made available upon request by authorized
representatives of the Department or EPA. The PEMs monitoring records will
include:
005.15B1 Hourly emissions in units of
the standard and fuel usage (or stack exhaust flow).
005.15B2 Records to verify minimum data
collection requirement of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing and data
recording) for each successive 15 minute period of emission unit
operation.
005.15B3 Pounds per
million British thermal units (lb/MMBtu) heat input.
005.15B4 Detailed records of any daily,
quarterly, and semiannual or annual quality assurance programs or monitoring
plans.
005.15B5 Compliance with the
applicable recordkeeping requirements of 40 CFR § 75.57 (d) and
(e).
005.15B6 Compliance with the
certification, quality assurance and quality control record provisions of 40
CFR § 75.59 (a)(5), (6), and (7).
005.15C Reporting. The owner or operator of a
unit approved to utilize a PEMS for demonstrating continuous compliance, will
report in writing to the Department on a quarterly basis the monitoring system
performance and any exceedance of the applicable emission standard. All reports
will be certified by a responsible official and received by Department on or
before the 30th day following the end of each calendar quarter. Written reports
will include the following information:
005.15C1 The magnitude of excess emissions
computed in accordance with 40 CFR § 60.13(h), any conversion factors
used, the date and time of commencement and completion of each time period of
excess emissions, and the unit operating time during the reporting
period;
005.15C2 Specific
identification of each period of excess emissions that occurs during start-ups,
shutdowns, and malfunctions of the affected unit, the nature and cause of any
malfunction (if known), and the corrective action taken or preventative
measures adopted;
005.15C3 The date
and time identifying each period during which the continuous monitoring system
was inoperative or down as described in Section 005.13 and the nature of the
system repairs or adjustments;
005.15C4 The results of any quality assurance
assessments conducted during the quarter;
005.15C5 When no excess emissions have
occurred or the continuous monitoring system has not been inoperative,
repaired, or adjusted, such information will be stated in the report.
