Current through Register Vol. 49, No. 6, March 15, 2024
PURPOSE: This amendment will retain and add minimum
design standards for wastewater treatment facilities that are required to
protect or improve public health, safety, and water quality.
PURPOSE: This rule contains the minimum standards for
the design of systems that are part of wastewater collection and treatment
systems. This rule is to be used with rules
10 CSR
20-8.110 through
10 CSR
20-8.210. It does not address all possible aspects of
design, and the design engineer may refer to other appropriate reference
materials so long as these minimum standards set forth in this rule are
met.
PUBLISHER'S NOTE: The secretary of state has
determined that the publication of the entire text of the material which is
incorporated by reference as a portion of this rule would be unduly cumbersome
or expensive. This material as incorporated by reference in this rule shall be
maintained by the agency at its headquarters and shall be made available to the
public for inspection and copying at no more than the actual cost of
reproduction. This note applies only to the reference material. The entire text
of the rule is printed here.
(1) Applicability. Wastewater systems shall
be designed based on criteria contained in this rule, published standards,
applicable federal and state requirements, standard textbooks, current
technical literature, and applicable safety standards. In the event of any
conflict between the above criteria, the requirement in this rule shall
prevail.
(A) This rule shall not apply to
treatment units covered in
10 CSR
20-8.300.
(B) This rule shall not apply to treatment
units covered in 10 CSR
20-8.500.
(2) General.
(A) Location. Criteria to be considered when
selecting a site are listed in
10 CSR
20-8.110(5)(E) 6.
(B) Flood Protection. Flood protection shall
apply to new construction and to existing facilities undergoing major
modification. The wastewater facility structures, electrical equipment, and
mechanical equipment shall be protected from physical damage by not less than
the one hundred- (100-) year flood elevation.
(C) Minimum Separation Distances.
1. Potable water sources. Unless another
distance is determined by the Missouri Geological Survey or by the department's
Public Drinking Water Branch, the minimum distance between wastewater treatment
facilities and all potable water sources shall be at least three hundred feet
(300').
2. Residences. No treatment
unit with a capacity of twenty-two thousand five hundred gallons per day
(22,500 gpd) or less shall be located closer than the minimum distance provided
in Table 140-1 below. See
10 CSR
20-2.010(68) for the definition of a
residence.
Table 140-1. Minimum Separation Distance for 22,500 gal/d or
less.
Type of Facility
|
Separation Distance
|
Lagoons
|
200' to a neighboring residence and 50' to property
line
|
Open recirculating media filters following primary
treatment
|
200' to a neighboring residence
|
All other discharging facilities
|
50' to a neighboring residence
|
3.
Plant Location. The following items shall be considered when selecting a plant
site: proximity to residential areas; direction of prevailing winds;
accessibility by all-weather roads; area available for expansion; local zoning
requirements; local soil characteristics, geology, hydrology and topography
available to minimize pumping; access to receiving stream; downstream uses of
the receiving stream and compatibility of the treatment process with the
present and planned future land use, including noise, potential odors, air
quality and anticipated sludge processing and disposal techniques. Where a site
must be used which is critical with respect to these items, appropriate
measures shall be taken to minimize adverse impacts.
(D) Accessibility. Facilities shall be
readily accessible by authorized personnel from a public right-of-way at all
times.
(3) Quality of
Effluent. The degree of wastewater treatment shall be based on
10 CSR
20-7.015, Effluent Regulations,
10 CSR
20-7.031, Water Quality Standards, and/or appropriate
federal regulations including the provisions of the operating permit.
(4) Pump and Haul.
(A) General.
1. Accessibility. Conform to subsection
(2)(D) of this rule.
2. Security.
Follow the provisions in subsection (8)(A) of this rule for fencing.
3. Protection of water supplies. Provide the
separation and crossing of water supplies in accordance with subsection (2)(C)
of this rule and 10 CSR
20-8.120(5).
(B) Septic Tank Design. Conform to
10 CSR
20-8.180(2) for septic tank
design.
(C) Earthen Basin Design.
Follow the provisions in
10 CSR
20-8.200 for earthen basin design.
(D) Alarm system. The alarm shall be
activated in cases of high water levels. Follow the provisions in subsection
(7)(C) of this rule for alarm systems.
(5) Design.
(A) Type of Treatment. Items to be considered
in selection of the appropriate type of treatment are presented in
10 CSR
20-8.110(5).
(B) New and Innovative Technology. Follow the
provisions in 10 CSR
20-8.110(6).
(C) Design Period. Identify the design period
in the facility plan per
10 CSR
20-8.110(5)(B).
(D) Design Loads.
1. Hydraulic design.
A. Identify flow conditions critical to the
design of the wastewater treatment facility as described in
10 CSR
20-8.110(3).
B. The design peak hourly flows shall be used
to evaluate the effect of hydraulic peaks on unit processes, pumping, piping,
etc.
C. The design of treatment
units that are not subject to peak hourly flow requirements shall be based on
the design average flow.
2. Organic design. Base organic loadings for
wastewater treatment facility design on the information given in
10 CSR
20-8.110(3). When septage is accepted
at a wastewater treatment facility, the effects of septage flow shall be
evaluated in the design.
(6) Outfalls.
(A)
Protection and Maintenance. The outfall shall be so constructed and protected
against the effects of flood water, ice, or other hazards as to reasonably
ensure its structural stability and freedom from stoppage.
(B) Sampling Provisions. All sampling points shall be
designed so that a representative and discrete twenty-four (24) hour automatic
composite sample or grab sample of the effluent discharge can be obtained at a
point after the final treatment process and before discharge to or mixing with
the receiving waters.
(C) All
outfalls shall be posted with a permanent sign indicating the outfall number
(i.e., Outfall #001).
(7) Essential Facilities.
(A) Emergency Power Facilities.
1. General. All wastewater treatment
facilities shall be provided with an alternate source of electric power or
pumping capability to allow continuity of operation during power
failures.
2. Power for
disinfection. Disinfection and dechlorination, when used, shall be provided
during all power outages.
(B) Electrical Controls. Electrical systems
and components in raw wastewater or in enclosed or partially enclosed spaces
where hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors that are normally
present, shall comply with the NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC) (2017
Edition), as approved and published August 24, 2016, requirements for Class I,
Division 1, Group D locations. This standard shall hereby be incorporated by
reference in this rule, as published by National Fire Protection
Association® (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. This rule
does not incorporate any subsequent amendments or additions.
(C) Alarm Systems. An audiovisual alarm or a
more advanced alert system, with a self-contained power supply, capable of
monitoring the condition of equipment whose failure could result in a violation
of the operating permit, shall be provided for all waste-water treatment
facilities.
(D) Water Supply.
1. General. No piping or other connections
shall exist in any part of the wastewater treatment facility that might cause
the contamination of a potable water supply.
2. Direct hot water connections. Hot water
for any direct connections shall not be taken directly from a boiler used for
supplying hot water to a digester heating unit or heat exchanger.
3. Indirect connections.
A. Where a potable water supply is to be used
for any purpose in a wastewater treatment facility other than direct
connections, a break tank, pressure pump, and pressure tank or a reduced
pressure backflow preventer consistent with the department's Public Drinking
Water Branch shall be provided.
B.
A sign shall be permanently posted at every hose bib, faucet, hydrant, or sill
cock located on the water system beyond the break tank or backflow preventer to
indicate that the water is not safe for drinking.
4. Separate non-potable water supply. Where a
separate non-potable water supply is to be provided, a break tank will not be
necessary, but all system outlets shall be posted with a permanent sign
indicating the water is not safe for drinking.
(E) Flow Measurement. A means of flow
measurement shall be provided at all wastewater treatment facilities.
(F) Sampling Equipment. Effluent twenty-four
(24) hour composite automatic sampling equipment shall be provided at all
mechanical wastewater treatment facilities and at other facilities where
necessary under provisions of the operating permit. See
10 CSR
20-7.015.
(G) Housed Facilities. Where wastewater
treatment units are in a housed facility, follow the provisions in subsection
(8)(J) of this rule for ventilation.
(8) Safety. Adequate provisions shall be made to
effectively protect facility personnel and visitors from hazards. The following
shall be provided to fulfill the particular needs of each wastewater treatment
facility:
(A) Fencing. Enclose the facility
site with a fence designed to discourage the entrance of unauthorized persons
and animals;
(B) Gratings over
appropriate areas of treatment units where access for maintenance is
necessary;
(C) First aid
equipment;
(D) Posted "No Smoking"
signs in hazardous areas;
(E)
Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE);
(F) Portable blower and hose sufficient to
ventilate accessed confined spaces;
(G) Portable lighting equipment complying
with NEC requirements. See subsection (7)(B) of this rule;
(H) Gas detectors listed and labeled for use
in NEC Class I, Division 1, Group D locations. See subsection (7)(B) of this
rule;
(I) Appropriately-placed
warning signs for slippery areas, non- potable water fixtures (see subparagraph
(7)(D)3.B. of this rule), low head clearance areas, open service manholes,
hazardous chemical storage areas, flammable fuel storage areas, high noise
areas, etc.;
(J) Ventilation.
Ventilation shall include the following:
1.
Isolate all pumping stations and wastewater treatment components installed in a
building where other equipment or offices are located from the rest of the
building by an air-tight partition, provide separate outside entrances, and
provide separate and independent fresh air supply;
2. Force fresh air into enclosed screening
device areas or open pits more than four feet (4') deep. Also see
10 CSR
20-8.130(3)(F);
3. Dampers. Dampers are not to be used on
exhaust or fresh air ducts. Avoid the use of fine screens or other obstructions
on exhaust or fresh air ducts to prevent clogging;
4. Continuous ventilation. Where continuous
ventilation is needed (e.g., housed facilities), provide at least twelve (12)
complete air changes per hour. Where continuous ventilation would cause
excessive heat loss, provide intermittent ventilation of at least thirty (30)
complete air changes per hour when facility personnel enter the area. Base air
change demands on one hundred percent (100%) fresh air;
5. Electrical controls. Mark and conveniently
locate switches for operation of ventilation equipment outside of the wet well
or building. Interconnect all intermittently operated ventilation equipment
with the respective wet well, dry well, or building lighting system. The manual
lighting/ventilation switch is expected to override the automatic controls. For
a two (2) speed ventilation system with automatic switch over where gas
detection equipment is installed, increase the ventilation rate automatically
in response to the detection of hazardous concentrations of gases or vapors;
and
6. Fans, heating, and
dehumidification. Fabricate the fan wheel from non-sparking material. Provide
automatic heating and dehumidification equipment in all dry wells and
buildings. Follow the provisions in subsection (7)(B) of this rule for
electrical controls;
(K)
Explosion-proof electrical equipment, non-sparking tools, gas detectors, and
similar devices, in work areas where hazardous conditions may exist, such as
digester vaults and other locations where potentially explosive atmospheres of
flammable gas or vapor with air may accumulate. See subsection (7)(B) of this
rule;
(L) Provisions for local
lockout/tagout on stop motor controls and other devices;
(M) Provisions for an arc flash hazard
analysis and determination of the flash protection boundary distance and type
of PPE to reduce exposure to major electrical hazards in accordance with NFPA
70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace (2018 Edition), as approved
and published August 21, 2017. This standard shall hereby be incorporated by
reference in this rule, as published by National Fire Protection
Association®, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. This rule does
not incorporate any subsequent amendments or additions.
(9) Chemical Handling.
(A) General.
1. Containment materials. The materials
utilized for storage, piping, valves, pumping, metering, and splash guards,
etc., shall be specially selected considering the physical and chemical
characteristics of each hazardous or corrosive chemical.
2. Secondary containment. Secondary
containment storage areas contain the stored volume until it can be safely
transferred to alternate storage or released to the wastewater treatment plant
at controlled rates that will not damage the facilities, inhibit the treatment
processes, or contribute to stream pollution. Secondary containment shall be
designed as follows:
A. A minimum volume of
one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the volume of the largest storage
container located within the containment area plus the space occupied by any
other tanks located within the containment area when not protected from
precipitation;
B. A minimum volume
of one hundred ten percent (110%) of the volume of the largest storage
container located within the containment area plus the space occupied by any
other tanks located within the containment area when protected from
precipitation; and
C. Walls and
floors of the secondary containment structure constructed of suitable material
that is compatible with the specifications of the product being stored.
3. Splash guards. All
pumps or feeders for hazardous or corrosive chemicals shall have guards that
will effectively prevent spray of chemicals into space occupied by facility
personnel.
4. Piping, labeling,
and coupling guard locations.
A. All piping
containing or transporting corrosive or hazardous chemicals shall be identified
with labels every ten feet (10') and with at least two (2) labels in each room,
closet, or pipe chase.
B. All
connections (flanged or other type), except those adjacent to storage or feeder
areas, shall have guards that will direct any leakage away from space occupied
by facility personnel.
5. Alarm system. Facilities shall be provided for
automatic shutdown of pumps and sounding of alarms when failure occurs in a
pressurized chemical discharge line.
6. Dust. Dust collection equipment shall be provided
to protect facility personnel from dusts injurious to the lungs or skin and to
prevent polymer dust from settling on walkways that become slick when
wet.
(B) Chemical
Housing. The following shall be provided to fulfill the particular needs of
each chemical housing facility:
1. Provide
storage for a minimum of thirty (30) days' supply, unless local suppliers and
conditions indicate that such storage can be reduced without limiting the
supply;
2. Construct the chemical
storage room of fire and corrosion resistant material;
3. Equip doors with panic hardware. To
prevent unauthorized access, doors lock but do not need a key to exit the
locked room using the panic hardware;
4. Provide chemical storage areas with
drains, sumps, finished water plumbing, and the hose bibs and hoses necessary
to clean up spills and to wash equipment;
5. Construct chemical storage area floors and
walls of material that is suitable to the chemicals being stored and that is
capable of being cleaned;
6.
Install floor surfaces to be smooth, chemical resistant, slip resistant, and
well drained with three inches per ten feet (3"/10') minimum slope;
7. Provide adequate lighting;
8. Comply with the NEC recommendation for
lighting and electrical equipment based on the chemicals stored. See subsection
(7)(B) of this rule;
9. Store
chemical containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area;
10. Design vents from feeders, storage
facilities, and equipment exhaust to discharge to the outside atmosphere above
grade and remote from air intakes;
11. Locate storage area for chemical
containers out of direct sunlight;
12. Maintain storage temperatures in
accordance with relevant Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS);
13. Control humidity as necessary when
storing dry chemicals;
14. Design
the storage area with designated areas for "full" and "empty" chemical
containers;
15. Provide storage
rooms housing flammable chemicals with an automatic sprinkler system designed
for four tenths gallons per minute per square foot (0.4
gpm/ft2) and a minimum duration of twenty (20)
minutes;
16. Store incompatible
chemicals separately to ensure the safety of facility personnel and the
wastewater treatment system. Store any two (2) chemicals that can react to form
a toxic gas in separate housing facilities;
17. Design and isolate areas intended for
storage and handling of chlorine and sulfur dioxide and other hazardous gases.
Follow the pro- visions in
10 CSR
20-8.190(3) and
10 CSR
20-8.190(4) for chlorine and
dechlorination;
18. Design an
isolated fireproof storage area and explosion proof electrical outlets, lights,
and motors for all powdered activated carbon storage and handling areas in
accordance with federal, state, and local requirements;
19. Vent acid storage tanks to the outside
atmosphere, but not through vents in common with day tanks;
20. Keep concentrated acid solutions or dry
powder in closed, acid-resistant shipping containers or storage units;
and
21. Pump concentrated liquid
acids in undiluted form from the original container to the point of treatment
or to a covered storage tank. Do not handle in open
vessels.
(C) Chemical
Handling Design. The following shall be provided, where applicable, for the
design of chemical handling:
1. Make
provisions for measuring quantities of chemicals used for treatment or to
prepare feed solutions over the range of design application rates;
2. Select storage tanks, piping, and
equipment for liquid chemicals specific to the chemicals;
3. Install all liquid chemical mixing and
feed installations on corrosion resistant pedestals;
4. Provide sufficient capacity of solution
storage or day tanks feeding directly for twenty-four- (24-) hour operation at
design average flow;
5. Provide a
minimum of two (2) chemical feeders for continuous operability. Provide a
standby unit or combination of units of sufficient capacity to replace the
largest unit out-of-service;
6.
Chemical feeders shall-
A. Be designed with
chemical feed equipment to meet the maximum dosage requirements for the design
average flow conditions;
B. Be able
to supply, at all times, the necessary amounts of chemicals at an accurate rate
throughout the range of feed;
C.
Provide proportioning of chemical feed to the rate of flow where the flow rate
is not constant;
D. Be designed to
be readily accessible for servicing, repair, and observation;
E. Protect the entire feeder system against
freezing;
F. Be located adjacent to
points of application to minimize length of feed lines;
G. Provide for both automatic and manual
operation for chemical feed control systems;
H. Utilize automatic chemical dose or
residual analyzers, and where provided, include alarms for critical values and
recording charts;
I. Provide
screens and valves on the chemical feed pump suction lines; and
J. Provide an air break or anti-siphon device
where the chemical solution enters the water stream;
7. Dry chemical feed system shall-
A. Be equipped with a dissolver capable of
providing a minimum retention period of five (5) minutes at the maximum feed
rate;
B. Be equipped with two (2)
solution vessels and transfer piping for polyelectrolyte feed
installations;
C. Have an eductor
funnel or other appropriate arrangement for wetting the polymer during the
preparation of the stock feed solution on the makeup tanks;
D. Provide adequate mixing by means of a
large diameter, low-speed mixer;
E.
Make provisions to measure the dry chemical volumetrically or gravimetrically;
and
F. Completely enclose chemicals
and prevent emission of dust;
8. Provide for uniform strength of solution
consistent with the nature of the chemical solution for solution tank
dosing;
9. Use solution feed pumps
to feed chemical slurries that are not diaphragm or piston type positive
displacement types;
10. Provide
continuous agitation to maintain slurries in suspension;
11. Provide a minimum of two (2) flocculation
tanks or channels having a combined detention period of twenty to thirty (20 -
30) minutes. Provide independent controls for each tank or channel;
12. Insulate pipelines carrying soda ash at
concentrations greater than twenty percent (20%) solution to prevent
crystallization; and
13. Prohibit
bagging soda ash in a damp or humid place.
(D) Chemical Safety. The following shall be
provided in addition to the safety provisions in section (8) of this rule:
1. Appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE).
2. Eye wash fountains and
safety showers. Eye wash fountains and safety showers utilizing potable water
shall be provided in the laboratory and on each level or work location
involving hazardous or corrosive chemical storage, mixing (or slaking),
pumping, metering, or transportation unloading. The design of eye wash
fountains and safety showers shall include the following:
A. Eye wash fountains with water of moderate
temperature, fifty degrees to ninety degrees Fahrenheit (50°-90°F),
suitable to provide fifteen to thirty (15-30) minutes of continuous irrigation
of the eyes;
B. Emergency showers
capable of discharging twenty gallons per minute (20 gpm) of water of moderate
temperature, fifty degrees to ninety degrees Fahrenheit (50°-90°F), and
at pressures of thirty to fifty pounds per square inch (30-50 psi);
C. Eye wash fountains and emergency showers
located no more than twenty-five feet (25') from points of hazardous chemical
exposure; and
D. Eye wash fountains
and showers that are to be fully operable during all weather conditions;
and
3. Warning signs.
Warning signs requiring use of goggles shall be located near chemical stations,
pumps, and other points of frequent hazard.
(E) Chemical Container Identification. The
identification and hazard warning data included on shipping containers, when
received, shall appear on all containers (regardless of size or type) used to
store, carry, or use a hazardous substance.
The secretary of state has determined that the publication
of this rule in its entirety would be unduly cumbersome or expensive. The
entire text of the material referenced has been filed with the secretary of
state. This material may be found at the Office of the Secretary of State or at
the headquarters of the agency and is available to any interested person at a
cost established by state law.
*Original authority 1972, amended 1973, 1987,
1993.