Current through Register Vol. 49, No. 6, March 15, 2024
(2) Definitions.
(A) Specialty coating definitions in 40 CFR
63 Subpart GG, Appendix A, promulgated as of July 1, 2018, with the exception
of "mold release" and "caulking and smoothing compound," apply and are hereby
incorporated by reference in this rule, as published by the Office of Federal
Register. Copies can be obtained from the U.S. Publishing Office Bookstore, 710
N. Capitol Street NW, Washington, DC 20401. This rule does not incorporate any
subsequent amendments or additions. The following two (2) definitions, as
defined below, shall be used for this rule:
1. Mold release-A coating applied to a mold
surface to prevent the mold piece from sticking to the mold as it is removed,
or to an aerospace component for purposes of creating a form-in-place seal;
and
2. Caulking and smoothing
compound-A semi-solid material that is used to aerodynamically smooth exterior
vehicle surfaces or fill cavities such as bolt hole accesses, excluding
materials that can be classified as a sealant.
(B) Aerospace manufacture and/or rework
facility-Any installation that produces, reworks, or repairs in any amount any
commercial, civil, or military aerospace vehicle or component.
(C) Aerospace vehicle or component-Any
fabricated part, processed part, assembly of parts, or completed unit, with the
exception of electronic components, of any aircraft including, but not limited
to, airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets, and space vehicles.
(D) Antique aerospace vehicle or component-An
aircraft or component thereof that was built at least thirty (30) years ago. An
antique aerospace vehicle would not routinely be in commercial or military
service in the capacity for which it was designed.
(E) Aqueous solvent-A cleaning solution in
which water is the primary ingredient (greater than eighty percent (80%) by
weight of cleaning solvent solution as applied must be water). Detergents,
surfactants, and bioenzyme mixtures and nutrients may be combined with the
water along with a variety of additives such as organic solvents (e.g. high
boiling point alcohols), builders, saponifiers, inhibitors, emulsifiers, pH
buffers, and antifoaming agents. Aqueous solutions must have a flash point
greater than ninety-three degrees Celsius (93 °C) (two hundred degrees
Fahrenheit (200 °F)) (as reported by the manufacturer) and the solution
must be miscible with water.
(F)
Chemical milling maskants-A coating that is applied directly to aluminum
components to protect surface areas when chemical milling the component with a
Type I or Type II etchant. Type I chemical milling maskants are used with a
Type I etchant and Type II chemical milling maskants are used with a Type II
etchant. This definition does not include bonding maskants, critical use and
line sealer maskants, and seal coat maskants. Maskants that must be used with a
combination of Type I or Type II etchants and any of the above types of
maskants (i.e., bonding, critical use and line sealer, and seal coat) are also
not included in this definition.
(G) Energized electrical systems-Any
alternating current (AC ) or direct current (DC) electrical circuit on an
assembled aircraft once electrical power is connected, including interior
passenger and cargo areas, wheel wells, and tail sections.
(H) Flush cleaning-The removal of
contaminants such as dirt, grease, and coatings from an aerospace vehicle or
component or coating equipment by passing solvent over, into, or through the
item being cleaned. The solvent may simply be poured into the item cleaned and
then drained, or be assisted by air, compressed gas, hydraulic pressure, or by
pumping. Spray gun cleaning or hand-wipe cleaning operations where wiping,
scrubbing, mopping, or other hand actions are used are not included in this
definition.
(I) General
aviation-Segment of civil aviation that encompasses all facets of aviation
except air carriers, commuters, and military. General aviation includes charter
and corporate-executive transportation, instruction, rental, aerial
application, aerial observation, business, pleasure, and other special
uses.
(J) General aviation rework
facility-Any aerospace installation with the majority of its revenues resulting
from the reconstruction, repair, maintenance, repainting, conversion, or
alteration of general aviation aerospace vehicles or components.
(K) High volume low pressure (HVLP) spray
equipment-Spray equipment used to apply coating by means of spray gun that
operates at ten pounds per square inch gauge (10 psig) of atomizing air
pressure or less at the air cap.
(L)
Low vapor pressure hydrocarbon-based cleaning solvent-A cleaning solvent that
is composed of a mixture of photochemically reactive hydrocarbons and
oxygenated hydrocarbons and has a maximum vapor pressure of seven millimeters
of mercury (7 mmHg) at twenty degrees Celsius (20 °C). These cleaners must
not contain hazardous air pollutants.
(M) Primer-The first layer and any subsequent
layers of identically formulated coating applied to the article to provide
corrosion resistance, surface etching, surface leveling, adhesion promotion, or
other property depending on the end use or exposure of the final product.
Primers that are defined as specialty coatings are not included under this
definition.
(N) Self-priming
topcoat-A topcoat that is applied directly to a vehicle or component for
purposes of corrosion prevention, environmental protection, and function fluid
resistance. More than one (1) layer of identical coating formulation may be
applied to the vehicle or component.
(O) Semi-aqueous cleaning solvent-A solution
in which water is a primary ingredient (greater than sixty percent (60%) by
weight of the solvent solution as applied must be water).
(P) Specialty coating-A coating that, even
though it meets the definition of a primer, topcoat, or self-priming topcoat,
has additional performance criteria beyond those of primers, topcoats, and
self-priming topcoats for specific applications. These performance criteria may
include, but are not limited to, temperature or fire resistance, substrate
compatibility, antireflection, temporary protection or marking, sealing,
adhesively joining substrates, or enhanced corrosion protection.
(Q) Topcoat-A coating that is applied over a
primer on an aerospace vehicle or component for appearance, identification,
camouflage, or protection. Topcoats that are defined as specialty coatings are
not included under this definition.
(R) Touch-up and repair operation-That
portion of the coating operation that is the incidental application of
finishing materials used to cover minor imperfections in the coating finish or
to achieve complete coverage. This definition includes out-of-sequence or
out-of-cycle coating.
(S) Type I
etchant-A chemical milling etchant that contains varying amounts of dissolved
sulfur and does not contain amines.
(T) Type II etchant-A chemical milling
etchant that is a strong sodium hydroxide solution containing amines.
(U) Waterborne (water-reducible) coating-Any
coating that contains more than five percent (5%) water by weight as applied in
its volatile fraction.
(V)
Definitions of certain terms specified in this rule, other than those specified
in this rule section, may be found in
10 CSR
10-6.020.
(3) General Provisions.
(A) No person shall cause, permit, or allow
the emissions of VOC from the coating of aerospace vehicles or components to
exceed-
1. 2.9 pounds per gallon (350 grams
per liter) of coating, excluding water and exempt solvents delivered to a
coating applicator that applies primers. For general aviation rework
facilities, the VOC limitation shall be 4.5 pounds per gallon of coating,
excluding water and exempt solvents, delivered to a coating applicator that
applies primers;
2. 3.5 pounds per
gallon (420 grams per liter) of coating, excluding water and exempt solvents,
delivered to a coating applicator that applies topcoats (including self-priming
topcoats). For general aviation rework facilities, the VOC limit shall be 4.5
pounds per gallon (540 grams per liter) of coating, excluding water and exempt
solvents, delivered to a coating applicator that applies topcoats (including
self-priming topcoats);
3. The VOC
content limits listed in Table I expressed in pounds per gallon of coating,
excluding water and exempt solvents delivered to a coating applicator that
applies specialty coatings;
Table I: Specialty Coaling VOC Limitations
|
Pounds per gallon
|
Grams per filer
|
Ablative Coating
|
5.0
|
600
|
Adhesion Promoter
|
7,4
|
890
|
Adhesive Bonding Primers: Cured at 250 "F or below
Cured above 250 °F
|
7.1 S.6
|
850 1030
|
Adbesives:
Commercial Interior
Adhesive Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Fuel Tank Adhesive Nonstructural Adhesive
Rocket Motor Bonding Adhesive Rubber-Based Adhesive Structural Autoclavable
Adhesive Structural Nonautoclavable Adhesive
|
6.3 8.5 5.2 3.0 7.4 7.1 0,5 7.1
|
760 1020 620 360 890 850 60 850
|
Antichafe Coating
|
5.5
|
660
|
Bearing Coating
|
5.2
|
620
|
Caulking and Smoothing Compounds
|
7.1
|
850
|
Chemical Agent-Resistant Coating
|
4,6
|
550
|
Clear Coating
|
6.0
|
720
|
Commercial Exterior Aerodynamic Structure
Primer
|
5.4
|
650
|
Compatible Substrate Primer
|
6.5
|
780
|
Corrosion Prevention Compound
|
5.9
|
710
|
Cryogenic Flexible Primer
|
5.4
|
645
|
Cryoprotective Coating
|
5.0
|
600
|
Dry Lubricative Material
|
7.3
|
880
|
Electric or Radiation-Effect Coating
|
6.7
|
800
|
Electrostatic Discharge and Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI) Coating
|
6.7
|
800
|
Elevated Temperature Skydrol Resistant Commercial
Primer
|
6.2
|
740
|
Epoxy Polyamide Topcoat
|
5.5
|
660
|
Fire-Resistant (interior) Coating
|
6.7
|
800
|
Flexible Primer
|
5.3
|
640
|
Flight-Test Coatings:
Missile or
Single Use Aircraft All Others
|
3.5 7.0
|
420 840
|
Fuel-Tank Coating
|
6.0
|
720
|
High Temperature Coating
|
7.1
|
850
|
Insulation Covering
|
6.2
|
740
|
Intermediate Release Coating
|
6.3
|
750
|
Lacquer
|
6.9
|
830
|
Maskant:
Bonding Maskant
Critical Use and Line Sealer Maskant
Seal Coat
Maskant
|
10.3
8.5
10.3
|
1230 1020 1230
|
Metallized Epoxy Coating?
|
6.2
|
740
|
Mold Release
|
6.5
|
780
|
Optical Anti-Reflective Coating
|
6.3
|
750
|
Part Marking Coating
|
7.1
|
850
|
Pretreatment Coating
|
6.5
|
780
|
Rain Erosion-Resistant Coating
|
7.1
|
850
|
Rocket Motor Nozzle Coating
|
5.5
|
660
|
Scale Inhibitor
|
7.3
|
880
|
Screen Print Ink
|
7.0
|
840
|
Sealants:
Extrudable/Rollable/Brushable Sealant Sprayable Sealant
|
2.3 5.0
|
280 600
|
Silicone Insulation Material
|
7.1
|
850
|
Solid Film Lubricant
|
7.3
|
880
|
Specialized Function Coating
|
7.4
|
890
|
Temporary Protective Coating
|
2.7
|
320
|
Thermal Control Coating
|
6.7
|
800
|
Wet Fastener Installation Coating
|
5.6
|
675
|
Wing Coating
|
7,1
|
850
|
4.
5.2 pounds per gallon (620 grams per liter) of coating, excluding water and
exempt solvents, delivered to a coating applicator that applies Type I chemical
milling maskant; and
5. 1.3 pounds
per gallon (150 grams per liter) of coating, excluding water and exempt
solvents, delivered to a coating applicator that applies Type II chemical
milling maskants.
(B) The
emission limitations in subsection (3)(A) of this rule shall be achieved by-
1. The application of low solvent coating
technology where each and every coating meets the specified applicable
limitation expressed in pounds of VOC per gallon of coating, excluding water
and exempt solvents, stated in subsection (3)(A) of this rule;
2. The application of low solvent coating
technology where the monthly volume-weighted average VOC content of each
specified coating type meets the specified applicable limitation expressed in
pounds of VOC per gallon of coating, excluding water and exempt solvents,
stated in subsection (3)(A) of this rule; averaging is not allowed for
specialty coatings, and averaging is not allowed between primers, topcoats
(including self-priming topcoats), Type I milling maskants, and Type II milling
maskants or any combination of the above coating categories; or
3. Control equipment, including but not
limited to incineration, carbon adsorption and condensation, with a capture
system approved by the director, provided that the owner or operator
demonstrates, in accordance with subsection (5)(C), that the control system has
a VOC reduction efficiency of eighty-one percent (81%) or greater.
(C) Each owner or operator of an
aerospace manufacturing and/or rework operation shall apply all non-exempt
primers and topcoats using one (1) or more of the application techniques
specified below-
1. Flow/curtain
application;
2. Dip coat
application;
3. Roll
coating;
4. Brush
coating;
5. Cotton-tipped swab
application;
6. Electrodeposition
(dip) coating;
7. HVLP
spraying;
8. Electrostatic spray
application; or
9. Other coating
application methods that achieve emission reductions equivalent to HVLP or
electrostatic spray application methods, as determined by the
director.
(D) Each owner
or operator of an aerospace manufacturing and/or rework operation shall ensure
that all application devices used to apply primers and topcoats (including
self-priming topcoats) are operated according to company procedures, local
specified operating procedures, and/or the manufacturer's specifications,
whichever is most stringent, at all times. Equipment modified by the owner or
operator shall maintain a transfer efficiency equivalent to HVLP or
electrostatic spray application techniques.
(E) Each owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacturing and/or rework operation shall comply with the following
housekeeping requirements for any affected cleaning operation, unless the
cleaning solvent used is an aqueous solvent, low vapor pressure
hydrocarbon-based cleaning solvent, or contains less than one percent (1%) VOC
by weight. Hazardous waste under regulation
10 CSR
25-4.261 that is subject to the hazardous waste
generators standards of
10 CSR
25-5.262 or the solvent wipe conditional exclusion
requirements of
40
CFR 261.4(a)(26) or (b)(18),
as incorporated in 10 CSR 25-4.261, is exempt from
the requirements of paragraphs (3)(E)1. through (3)(E)3. below:
1. Solvent-laden cloth, paper, or any other
absorbent applicators used for cleaning shall be placed in bags or other closed
containers upon completing their use. These bags and containers must be kept
closed at all times except when depositing or removing these materials from the
container. The bags and containers used must be of such a design so as to
contain the vapors of the cleaning solvent. Cotton-tipped swabs used for very
small cleaning operations are exempt from this requirement;
2. All fresh and spent cleaning solvents,
except semi-aqueous solvent cleaners, used in aerospace cleaning operations
shall be stored in closed containers; and
3. The handling and transfer of cleaning
solvent to or from enclosed systems, vats, waste containers, and other cleaning
operation equipment that hold or store fresh or spent cleaning solvents shall
be conducted in such a manner that spills are minimized.
(F) Each owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacturing and/or rework operation utilizing hand-wipe cleaning operations
excluding the cleaning of spray gun equipment performed in accordance with
subsection (3)(G) shall comply with one (1) of the following:
1. Utilize cleaning solvent solutions that
are classified as an aqueous solvent and/or a low vapor pressure
hydrocarbon-based cleaning solvent; or
2. Utilize cleaning solvent solutions that
have a composite vapor pressure of forty-five (45) mmHg or less at twenty
degrees Celsius (20 °C).
(G) Each owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacturing and/or rework operation shall clean all spray guns used in the
application of primers, topcoats (including self-priming topcoats), and
specialty coatings utilizing one (1) or more of the following techniques:
1. Enclosed system. Clean spray guns within
an enclosed system that is closed at all times except when inserting or
removing the spray gun. If leaks in the system are found, repairs shall be made
as soon as practicable, but no later than fifteen (15) days after the leak was
found. If the leak is not repaired by the fifteenth day after detection, the
cleaning solvent shall be removed and the enclosed cleaner shall be shut down
until the leak is repaired or its use is permanently discontinued;
2. Nonatomized cleaning. Clean spray guns by
placing cleaning solvent in the pressure pot and forcing it through the gun
with the atomizing cap in place. No atomizing air is to be used. The cleaning
solvent from the spray gun shall be directed into a vat, drum, or other waste
container that is closed when not in use;
3. Disassembled spray gun cleaning. Clean
spray guns by disassembling and cleaning the components by hand in a vat, which
shall remain closed at all times except when in use. Alternatively, the
components may be soaked in a vat, which shall remain closed during the soaking
period and when not inserting or removing components; and
4. Atomizing cleaning. Clean spray guns by
forcing the cleaning solvent through the gun and directing the resulting
atomized spray into a waste container that is fitted with a device designed to
capture the atomized cleaning solvent emissions.
(H) Each owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacturing and/or rework operation that includes a flush cleaning operation
shall empty the used cleaning solvents each time aerospace parts or assemblies,
or components of a coating unit with the exception of spray guns are
flush-cleaned into an enclosed container or collection system that is kept
closed when not in use or into a system with equivalent emission control
approved by the director. Aqueous, semi-aqueous, low vapor pressure
hydrocarbon-based solvent materials, and all wastes that are determined to be
hazardous waste under regulation
10 CSR
25-4.261 and that are subject to the hazardous waste
generators standards of
10 CSR
25-5.262 are exempt from the requirements of this
subsection.
(I) The following
activities are exempt from this section:
1.
Research and development;
2.
Quality control;
3. Laboratory
testing activities;
4. Chemical
milling;
5. Metal
finishing;
6. Electrodeposition
except for the electrodeposition of paints;
7. Composites processing except for cleaning
and coating of composite parts or components that become part of an aerospace
vehicle or component as well as composite tooling that comes in contact with
such composite parts or components prior to cure;
8. Electronic parts and assemblies except for
cleaning and topcoating of completed assemblies;
9. Manufacture of aircraft
transparencies;
10. Wastewater
treatment operations;
11.
Manufacturing and rework of parts and assemblies not critical to the vehicle's
structural integrity or flight performance;
12. Regulated activities associated with
space vehicles designed to travel beyond the limit of the earth's atmosphere,
including but not limited to satellites, space stations, and the space
shuttle;
13. Utilization of
primers, topcoats, specialty coatings, cleaning solvents, chemical milling
maskants, and strippers containing VOC at concentrations less than 0.1 percent
for carcinogens or 1.0 percent for noncarcinogens;
14. Utilization of touch-up, aerosol can, and
Department of Defense classified coatings;
15. Maintenance and rework of antique
aerospace vehicles and components; and
16. Rework of aircraft or aircraft components
if the holder of the Federal Aviation Administration design approval, or the
holder's licensee, is not actively manufacturing the aircraft or aircraft
components.
(J) The
requirements for primers, topcoats, specialty coatings, and chemical milling
maskants specified in subsection (3)(A) of this rule do not apply to the use of
low-volume coatings in these categories for which the rolling twelve (12)-month
total of each separate formulation used at an installation does not exceed
fifty (50) gallons, and the combined rolling twelve (12)-month total of all
such primers, topcoats, specialty coatings, and chemical milling maskants used
does not exceed two hundred (200) gallons. Coatings exempted under subsection
(3)(I) of this rule are not included in the fifty (50)- and two hundred
(200)-gallon limits.
(K) The
following situations are exempt from the requirements of subsections (3)(D) and
(3)(E) of this rule:
1. Any situation that
normally requires the use of an airbrush or an extension on the spray gun to
properly reach limited access spaces;
2. The application of any specialty
coating;
3. The application of
coatings that contain fillers that adversely affect atomization with HVLP spray
guns and that cannot be applied by any of the application methods specified in
subsection (3)(C) of this rule;
4.
The application of coatings that normally have dried film thickness of less
than 0.0013 centimeter (0.0005 in.) and that cannot be applied by any of the
application methods specified in subsection (3)(C) of this rule;
5. The use of airbrush application methods
for stenciling, lettering, and other identification markings;
6. The use of hand-held spray can application
methods; and
7. Touch-up and repair
operations.
(L) The
following cleaning operations are exempt from the requirements of subsection
(3)(F) of this rule:
1. Cleaning during the
manufacture, assembly, installation, maintenance, or testing of components of
breathing oxygen systems that are exposed to the breathing oxygen;
2. Cleaning during the manufacture, assembly,
installation, maintenance, or testing of parts, subassemblies, or assemblies
that are exposed to strong oxidizers or reducers (e.g., nitrogen tetroxide,
liquid oxygen, or hydrazine);
3.
Cleaning and surface activation prior to adhesive bonding;
4. Cleaning of electronic parts and
assemblies containing electronic parts;
5. Cleaning of aircraft and ground support
equipment fluid systems that are exposed to the fluid including air-to-air heat
exchangers and hydraulic fluid systems;
6. Cleaning of fuel cells, fuel tanks, and
confined spaces;
7. Surface
cleaning of solar cells, coating optics, and thermal control
surfaces;
8. Cleaning during
fabrication, assembly, installation, and maintenance of upholstery, curtains,
carpet, and other textile materials used in the interior of the
aircraft;
9. Cleaning of metallic
and non-metallic materials used in honeycomb cores during the manufacture or
maintenance of these cores, and cleaning of the completed cores used in the
manufacture or maintenance of aerospace vehicles or components;
10. Cleaning of aircraft transparencies,
polycarbonate, or glass substrates;
11. Cleaning and solvent usage associated
with research and development, quality control, and laboratory
testing;
12. Cleaning operations,
using nonflammable liquids, conducted within five feet (5') of energized
electrical systems; and
13.
Cleaning operations identified as essential uses in
40 CFR
82.4 for which the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency has allocated essential use allowances or
exemptions.
(4)
Reporting and Record Keeping.
(A) Monitoring
Requirements-Each owner or operator of an aerospace manufacturing and/or rework
operation shall submit a monitoring plan to the director that specifies the
applicable operating parameter value, or range of values, to ensure ongoing
compliance with paragraph (3)(B)3. of this rule. Any monitoring device,
required by the monitoring plan, shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and
maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
(B) Record Keeping Requirements.
1. Each owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacture and/or rework operation that applies coatings listed in subsection
(3)(A) of this rule shall-
A. Maintain a
current list of coatings in use with category and VOC content as
applied;
B. Record each coating
volume usage on a monthly basis; and
C. Maintain records of monthly
volume-weighted average VOC content for each coating type included in averaging
for coating operations that achieve compliance through coating averaging under
paragraph (3)(B)2. of this rule.
2. Each owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacture and/or rework operation that uses cleaning solvents subject to this
rule shall-
A. Maintain a list of materials
with corresponding water contents for aqueous and semi-aqueous hand-wipe
cleaning solvents;
B. Maintain a
current list of cleaning solvents in use with their respective vapor pressure
or, for blended solvents, VO C composite vapor pressure for all vapor pressure
compliant hand-wipe cleaning solvents. This list shall include the monthly
amount of each applicable solvent used; and
C. Maintain a current list of exempt
hand-wipe cleaning processes for all cleaning solvents with a vapor pressure
greater than forty-five (45) mmHg used in exempt hand-wipe cleaning operations.
This list shall include the monthly amount of each applicable solvent
used.
3. All records
must be kept on-site for a period of five (5) years and made available to the
department upon request.
(5) Test Methods.
(A) An owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacture and/or rework operation shall determine compliance for coatings
which are not waterborne (water-reducible) and determine the VOC content of
each formulation less water and less exempt solvents as applied using
manufacturer's supplied data or Method 24 of 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, as
specified in 10 CSR
10-6.030(22). If there is a
discrepancy between the manufacturer's formulation data and the results of the
Method 24 analysis, compliance is determined by the results from the Method 24
analysis. For water-borne (water-reducible) coatings, manufacturer's supplied
data alone can be used to determine the VOC content of each
formulation.
(B) An owner or
operator of an aerospace manufacture and/or rework operation shall determine
compliance for cleaning solvents using the following:
1. For aqueous and semi-aqueous solvents
manufacturers' supplied data shall be used to determine the water content;
or
2. For hand-wipe cleaning
solvents required in subsection (3)(F) of this rule, manufacturers' supplied
data or standard engineering reference texts or other equivalent methods shall
be used to determine the vapor pressure or VOC composite vapor pressure for
blended cleaning solvents.
(C) An owner or operator of an aerospace
manufacture and/or rework operation electing to demonstrate compliance with
this rule by use of control equipment meeting the requirements of paragraph
(3)(B)3. of this rule, shall demonstrate the required capture efficiency in
accordance with E PA methods 18, 25, and/or 25A in 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, as
specified in 10 CSR
10-6.030(22).
*Original authority: 643.050, RSMo 1965, amended 1972,
1992, 1993, 1995.