Code of Massachusetts Regulations
780 CMR - STATE BOARD OF BUILDING REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Chapter 34 - Existing Buildings and Structures
Section 3412 - COMPLIANCE ALTERNATIVES
Subsection 3412.6 - Evaluation process
Current through Register 1531, September 27, 2024
The evaluation process specified herein shall be followed in its entirety to evaluate existing buildings. Table 3412.7 shall be utilized for tabulating the results of the evaluation. References to other sections of this code indicate that compliance with those sections is required in order to gain credit in the evaluation herein outlined. In applying this section to a building with mixed occupancies, where the separation between the mixed occupancies does not qualify for any category indicated in Section 3412.6.16, the score for each occupancy shall be determined and the lower score determined for each section of the evaluation process shall apply to the entire building.
Where the separation between mixed occupancies qualifies for any category indicated in Section 3412.6.16, the score for each occupancy shall apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy of the space.
3412.6.1 Building height. The value for building height shall be the lesser value determined by the formula in Section 3412.6.1.1. Chapter 5 shall be used to determine the allowable height of the building, including allowable increases due to automatic sprinklers as provided for in Section 504.2. Subtract the actual building height in feet (mm) from the allowable height and divide by 121/2 feet (3810 mm). Enter the height value and its sign (positive or negative) in Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.1, Building Height, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. The maximum score for a building shall be 10.
Height value, feet = Click to view image |
(Equation 34-1) |
Height value, stories = (AS - EBS) * CF | (Equation 34-2) |
where:
AH = Allowable height in feet (mm) from Table 503.
EBH = Existing building height in feet (mm).
AS = Allowable height in stories from Table 503.
EBS = Existing building height in stories.
CF = 1 if (AH) - (EBH) is positive.
CF = Construction-type factor shown in Table 3412.6.6(2) if (AH) - (EBH) is negative.
Note: Where mixed occupancies are separated and individually evaluated as indicated in Section 3412.6, the values AH, AS, EBH and EBS shall be based on the height of the occupancy being evaluated.
3412.6.2 Building area. The value for building area shall be determined by the formula in Section 3412.6.2.2. Section 503 and the formula in Section 3412.6.2.1 shall be used to determine the allowable area of the building. This shall include any allowable increases due to frontage and automatic sprinklers as provided for in Section 506. Subtract the actual building area in square feet (m2) from the allowable area and divide by 1,200 square feet (111.5 m2). Enter the area value and its sign (positive or negative) in Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.2, Building Area, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. In determining the area value, the maximum permitted positive value for area is 50 percent of the fire safety score as listed in Table 3412.8, Mandatory Safety Scores.
Aa=(1 + If + Is) * At | (Equation 34-3) |
where:
Aa = Allowable area.
At = Tabular area per story in accordance with Table 503 (square feet).
Is = Area increase factor for sprinklers (Section 506.3).
If = Area increase factor for frontage (Section 506.2).
Click to view image | (Equation 34-4) |
where:
i = Value for an individual separated occupancy on a floor.
n = Number of separated occupancies on a floor.
3412.6.3 Compartmentation. Evaluate the compartments created by fire barriers or horizontal assemblies that comply with Sections 3412.6.3.1 and 3412.6.3.2 and are exclusive of the wall elements considered under Sections 3412.6.4 and 3412.6.5. Conforming compartments shall be figured as the net area and do not include shafts, chases, stairways, walls or columns. Using Table 3412.6.3, determine the appropriate compartmentation value (CV) and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.3, Compartmentation, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.3 COMPARTMENTATION VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIESa | ||||
a
Compartment size equal to or greater than 15,000 square feet |
b Compartment size of 10,000 square feet |
c Compartment size of 7,500 square feet |
d Compartment size of 5,000 square feet |
e Compartment size of 2,500 square feet or less |
|
A-1, A-3 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 18 |
A-2 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 18 |
A-4, B, E, S-2 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
F, M, R, S-1 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 22 |
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929
m2. a. For areas between categories, the compartmentation value shall be obtained by linear interpolation. |
3412.6.4 Tenant and dwelling unit separations. Evaluate the fire-resistance rating of floors and walls separating tenants, including dwelling units, and not evaluated under Sections 3412.6.3 and 3412.6.5. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.4, determine the appropriate value and enter that value in Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.4, Tenant and Dwelling Unit Separations, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.4 SEPARATION VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | ||||
a | b | c | d | e | |
A-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
A-2 | -5 | -3 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
A-3, A-4, B, E, F, M, S-1 | -4 | -3 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
R | -4 | -2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
S-2 | -5 | -2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
3412.6.5 Corridor walls. Evaluate the fire-resistance rating and degree of completeness of walls which create corridors serving the floor, and constructed in accordance with Section 1018. This evaluation shall not include the wall elements considered under Sections 3412.6.3 and 3412.6.4. Under the categories and groups in Table 3412.6.5, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.5, Corridor Walls, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.5 CORRIDOR WALL VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | |||
a | b | ca | da | |
A-1 | -10 | -4 | 0 | 2 |
A-2 | -30 | -12 | 0 | 2 |
A-3, F, M, R, S-1 | -7 | -3 | 0 | 2 |
A-4, B, E, S-2 | -5 | -2 | 0 | 5 |
a. Corridors not providing at least one-half the travel distance for all occupants on a floor shall use Category b. |
3412.6.6 Vertical openings. Evaluate the fire-resistance rating of exit enclosures, hoistways, escalator openings and other shaft enclosures within the building, and openings between two or more floors. Table 3412.6.6(1) contains the appropriate protection values. Multiply that value by the construction type factor found in Table 3412.6.6(2). Enter the vertical opening value and its sign (positive or negative) in Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.6, Vertical Openings, for fire safety, means of egress, and general safety. If the structure is a one-story building or if all the unenclosed vertical openings within the building conform to the requirements of Section 708, enter a value of 2. The maximum positive value for this requirement shall be 2.
VO = PV * CF | (Equation 34-5) |
where:
VO = Vertical opening value.
PV = Protection value [Table 3412.6.6(1)].
CF = Construction type factor [Table 3412.6.6(2)].
TABLE 3412.6.6(1) VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION VALUE
PROTECTION | VALUE |
None (unprotected opening) | -2 times number floors connected |
Less than 1 hour | -1 times number floors connected |
1 to less than 2 hours | 1 |
2 hours or more | 2 |
TABLE 3412.6.6(2) CONSTRUCTION-TYPE FACTOR
FACTOR |
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION | ||||||||
IA | IB | IIA | IIB | IIIA | IIIB | IV | VA | VB | |
1.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 7 |
3412.6.7 HVAC systems. Evaluate the ability of the HVAC system to resist the movement of smoke and fire beyond the point of origin. Under the categories in Section 3412.6.7.1, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.7, HVAC Systems, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
3412.6.8 Automatic fire detection. Evaluate the smoke detection capability based on the location and operation of automatic fire detectors in accordance with Section 907 and the International Mechanical Code. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.8, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.8, Automatic Fire Detection, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.8 AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | ||||
a | b | c | d | e | |
A-1, A-3, F, M, R, S-1 | -10 | -5 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
A-2 | -25 | -5 | 0 | 5 | 9 |
A-4, B, E, S-2 | -4 | -2 | 0 | 4 | 8 |
3412.6.9 Fire alarm systems. Evaluate the capability of the fire alarm system in accordance with Section 907. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.9, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.9, Fire Alarm Systems, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.9 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | |||
a | ba | c | d | |
A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B, E, R | -10 | -5 | 0 | 5 |
F, M, S | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 |
a. For buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, add 2 points for activation by a sprinkler waterflow device. |
3412.6.10 Smoke control. Evaluate the ability of a natural or mechanical venting, exhaust or pressurization system to control the movement of smoke from a fire. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.10, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.10, Smoke Control, for means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.10 SMOKE CONTROL VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | |||||
a | b | c | d | e | f | |
A-1, A-2, A-3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
A-4, E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
B, M, R | 0 | 2a | 3a | 3a | 3a | 4a |
F, S | 0 | 2a | 2a | 3a | 3a | 3a |
a. This value shall be 0 if compliance with Category d or e in Section 3412.6.8.1 has not been obtained. |
3412.6.11 Means of egress capacity and number. Evaluate the means of egress capacity and the number of exits available to the building occupants. In applying this section, the means of egress are required to conform to the following sections of this code: 1003.7, 1004, 1005.1, 1014.2, 1014.3, 1015.2, 1021, 1025.1, 1027.2, 1027.6, 1028.2, 1028.3, 1028.4 and 1029 [except that the minimum width required by this section shall be determined solely by the width for the required capacity in accordance with Table 3412.6.11(1)]. The number of exits credited is the number that is available to each occupant of the area being evaluated. Existing fire escapes shall be accepted as a component in the means of egress when conforming to Section 3406. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.11(2), determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.11, Means of Egress Capacity, for means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.11(1) EGRESS WIDTH PER OCCUPANT SERVED
OCCUPANCY | WITHOUT SPRINKLER SYSTEM | WITH SPRINKLER SYSTEMa | ||
Stairways
(inches per occupant) |
Other egress components (inches per occupant) |
Stairways
(inches per occupant) |
Other egress components (inches per occupant) |
|
Occupancies other than those listed below | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
Hazardous: H-1, H-2, H-3 and H-4 | Not Permitted | Not Permitted | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Institutional: I-2 | Not Permitted | Not Permitted | 0.3 | 0.2 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. a. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. |
TABLE 3412.6.11(2) MEANS OF EGRESS VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | ||||
aa | b | c | d | e | |
A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, E | -10 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 10 |
B, F, S | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
M | -3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
R | -3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
a. The values indicated are for buildings six stories or less in height. For buildings over six stories above grade plane, add an additional -10 points. |
3412.6.12 Dead ends. In spaces required to be served by more than one means of egress, evaluate the length of the exit access travel path in which the building occupants are confined to a single path of travel. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.12, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.12, Dead Ends, for means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.12 DEAD-END VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIESa | ||
a | b | c | |
A-1, A-3, A-4, B, E, F, M, R, S | -2 | 0 | 2 |
A-2, E | -2 | 0 | 2 |
a. For dead-end distances between categories, the dead-end value shall be obtained by linear interpolation. |
3412.6.13 Maximum exit access travel distance. Evaluate the length of exit access travel to an approved exit. Determine the appropriate points in accordance with the following equation and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.13, Maximum Exit Access Travel Distance, for means of egress and general safety. The maximum allowable exit access travel distance shall be determined in accordance with Section 1016.1.
Click to view image | (Equation 34-6) |
3412.6.14 Elevator control. Evaluate the passenger elevator equipment and controls that are available to the fire department to reach all occupied floors. Elevator recall controls shall be provided in accordance with the International Fire Code. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.14, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.14, Elevator Control, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. The values shall be zero for a single-story building.
TABLE 3412.6.14 ELEVATOR CONTROL VALUES
ELEVATOR TRAVEL | CATEGORIES | |||
a | b | c | d | |
Less than 25 feet of travel above or below the primary level of elevator access for emergency fire-fighting or rescue personnel | -2 | 0 | 0 | +2 |
Travel of 25 feet or more above or below the primary level of elevator access for emergency fire-fighting or rescue personnel | -4 | NP | 0 | +4 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. |
3412.6.15 Means of egress emergency lighting. Evaluate the presence of and reliability of means of egress emergency lighting. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.15, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.15, Means of Egress Emergency Lighting, for means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.15 MEANS OF EGRESS EMERGENCY LIGHTING VALUES
NUMBER OF EXITS REQUIRED BY SECTION 1015 | CATEGORIES | ||
a | b | c | |
Two or more exits | NP | 0 | 4 |
Minimum of one exit | 0 | 1 | 1 |
3412.6.16 Mixed occupancies. Where a building has two or more occupancies that are not in the same occupancy classification, the separation between the mixed occupancies shall be evaluated in accordance with this section. Where there is no separation between the mixed occupancies or the separation between mixed occupancies does not qualify for any of the categories indicated in Section 3412.6.16.1, the building shall be evaluated as indicated in Section 3412.6 and the value for mixed occupancies shall be zero. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.16, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.16, Mixed Occupancies, for fire safety and general safety. For buildings without mixed occupancies, the value shall be zero.
TABLE 3412.6.16 MIXED OCCUPANCY VALUESa
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | ||
a | b | c | |
A-1, A-2, R | -10 | 0 | 10 |
A-3, A-4, B, E, F, M, S | -5 | 0 | 5 |
a. For fire-resistance ratings between categories, the value shall be obtained by linear interpolation. |
3412.6.17 Automatic sprinklers. Evaluate the ability to suppress a fire based on the installation of an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. "Required sprinklers" shall be based on the requirements of this code. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.17, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.17, Automatic Sprinklers, for fire safety, means of egress divided by 2 and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.17 SPRINKLER SYSTEM VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | |||||
a | b | c | d | e | f | |
A-1, A-3, F, M, R, S-1 | -6 | -3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
A-2 | -4 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
A-4, B, E, S-2 | -12 | -6 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 12 |
3412.6.18 Standpipes. Evaluate the ability to initiate attack on a fire by making a supply of water available readily through the installation of standpipes in accordance with Section 905. Required standpipes shall be based on the requirements of this code. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 3412.6.18, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.18, Standpipes, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety.
TABLE 3412.6.18 STANDPIPE SYSTEM VALUES
OCCUPANCY | CATEGORIES | |||
aa | b | c | d | |
A-1, A-3, F, M, R, S-1 | -6 | 0 | 4 | 6 |
A-2 | -4 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
A-4, B, E, S-2 | -12 | 0 | 6 | 12 |
a. This option cannot be taken if Category a or b in Section 3412.6.17 is used. |
3412.6.19 Incidental accessory occupancy. Evaluate the protection of incidental accessory occupancies in accordance with Section 508.2.5. Do not include those where this code requires suppression throughout the buildings, including covered mall buildings, high-rise buildings, public garages and unlimited area buildings. Assign the lowest score from Table 3412.6.19 for the building or floor area being evaluated and enter that value into Table 3412.7 under Safety Parameter 3412.6.19, Incidental Accessory Occupancy, for fire safety, means of egress and general safety. If there are no specific occupancy areas in the building or floor area being evaluated, the value shall be zero.
TABLE 3412.6.19 INCIDENTAL ACCESSORY OCCUPANCY VALUESa
PROTECTION REQUIRED BY TABLE 508.2.5 | PROTECTION PROVIDED | ||||||
None | 1 Hour | AFSS | AFSS with SP | 1 Hour and AFSS | 2 Hours | 2 Hours and AFSS | |
2 Hours and AFSS | -4 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -2 | 0 |
2 Hours, or 1 Hour and AFSS |
-3 | -2 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 Hour and AFSS |
-3 | -2 | -1 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 |
1 Hour |
-1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 Hour, or AFSS with SP |
-1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
AFSS with SP | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 |
1 Hour or AFSS | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
a. AFSS = Automatic fire suppression system; SP =
Smoke partitions (See Section 508.2.5). Note: For Table 3412.7, see next page. |