1008.1.1
Size of doors. The minimum width of each door opening shall be
sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a
clear width of 32 inches (813 mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging
doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the
door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Where this section requires a minimum clear
width of 32 inches (813 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without
a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm).
The maximum width of a swinging door leaf shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal.
Means of egress doors in a Group I-2 occupancy used for the
movement of beds shall provide a clear width not less than
411/2 inches (1054 mm). The
height of door openings shall not be less than 80 inches (2032 mm).
Exceptions:
1. The minimum and maximum width shall not
apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of
egress in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies.
2. Door openings to resident sleeping units
in Group I-3 occupancies shall have a clear width of not less than 28 inches
(711 mm).
3. Door openings to
storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 m2)
in area shall not be limited by the minimum width.
4. Width of door leaves in revolving doors
that comply with Section 1008.1.4.1 shall not be limited.
5. Door openings within a dwelling unit or
sleeping unit shall not be less than 78 inches (1981 mm) in height.
6. Exterior door openings in dwelling units
and sleeping units, other than the required exit door, shall
not be less than 76 inches (1930 mm) in height.
7. In other than Group R-1 occupancies, the
minimum widths shall not apply to interior egress doors within a dwelling unit
or sleeping unit that is not required to be an Accessible
unit, Type A unit or Type B
unit.
8. Door openings
required to be accessible within Type B units shall have a minimum clear width
of 31.75 inches (806 mm).
1008.1.1.1
Projections into clear width. There shall not be projections into
the required clear width lower than 34 inches (864 mm) above the floor or
ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (864 mm) and
80 inches (2032 mm) above the floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (102
mm).
Exception: Door closers and door stops shall be
permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the floor.
1008.1.2
Door swing. Egress doors shall be of the pivoted or side-hinged
swinging type.
Exceptions:
1. Private garages, office areas, factory and
storage areas with an occupant load of 10 or less.
2. Group I-3 occupancies used as a place of
detention.
3. Critical or intensive
care patient rooms within suites of health care facilities.
4. Doors within or serving a single dwelling
unit in Groups R-2 and R-3.
5. In
other than Group H occupancies, revolving doors complying with Section
1008.1.4.1.
6. In other than Group
H occupancies, horizontal sliding doors complying with Section 1008.1.4.3 are
permitted in a means of egress.
7. Power-operated doors in accordance with
Section 1008.1.4.2.
8. Doors
serving a bathroom within an individual sleeping unit in Group R-1.
9. In other than Group H occupancies,
manually operated horizontal sliding doors are permitted in a
means of
egress from spaces with an
occupant load of 10 or
less.
Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where
serving an occupant load of 50 or more persons or a Group H
occupancy.
1008.1.3
Door opening force. The
force for pushing or pulling open interior swinging egress doors, other than
fire doors, shall not exceed 5 pounds (22 N). For other
swinging doors, as well as sliding and folding doors, the door latch shall
release when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N) force. The door shall be set in
motion when subjected to a 30-pound (133 N) force. The door shall swing to a
full-open position when subjected to a 15-pound (67 N) force.
1008.1.3.1
Location of applied
forces. Forces shall be applied to the latch side of the door.
1008.1.4
Special
doors. Special doors and security grilles shall comply with the
requirements of Sections 1008.1.4.1 through 1008.1.4.5.
1008.1.4.1
Revolving doors.
Revolving doors shall comply with the following:
1. Each revolving door shall be capable of
collapsing into a bookfold position with parallel egress paths providing an
aggregate width of 36 inches (914 mm).
2. A revolving door shall not be located
within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the foot of or top of stairs or
escalators. A dispersal area shall be provided between the
stairs or escalators and the revolving doors.
3. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a
revolving door shall not exceed those shown in Table 1008.1.4.1.
4. Each revolving door shall have a
side-hinged swinging door which complies with Section 1008.1 in the same wall
and within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the revolving door.
5. Revolving doors shall not be part of an
accessible route required by Section 1007 and Chapter 11.
TABLE 1008.1.4.1 REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS
|
INSIDE DIAMETER
(feet-inches) |
POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE SPEED CONTROL
(rpm) |
MANUAL-TYPE
SPEED CONTROL
(rpm) |
| 6-6 |
11 |
12 |
| 7-0 |
10 |
11 |
| 7-6 |
9 |
11 |
| 8-0 |
9 |
10 |
| 8-6 |
8 |
9 |
| 9-0 |
8 |
9 |
| 9-6 |
7 |
8 |
| 10-0 |
7 |
8 |
| For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. |
1008.1.4.1.1
Egress component. A revolving door used as a component of a
means of egress shall comply with Section 1008.1.4.1 and the
following three conditions:
1. Revolving
doors shall not be given credit for more than 50 percent of the required egress
capacity.
2. Each revolving door
shall be credited with no more than a 50-person capacity.
3. Each revolving door shall be capable of
being collapsed when a force of not more than 130 pounds (578 N) is applied
within 3 inches (76 mm) of the outer edge of a wing.
1008.1.4.1.2
Other than egress
component. A revolving door used as other than a component of a
means of egress shall comply with Section 1008.1.4.1. The
collapsing force of a revolving door not used as a component of a
means
of egress shall not be more than 180 pounds (801 N).
Exception: A collapsing force in excess of 180
pounds (801 N) is permitted if the collapsing force is reduced to not more than
130 pounds (578 N) when at least one of the following conditions is
satisfied:
1. There is a power failure
or power is removed to the device holding the door wings in position.
2. There is an actuation of the
automatic sprinkler system where such system is
provided.
3. There is an actuation
of a smoke detection system which is installed in accordance with Section 907
to provide coverage in areas within the building which are within 75 feet (22
860 mm) of the revolving doors.
4.
There is an actuation of a manual control switch, in an approved
location and clearly defined, which reduces the holding force to below
the 130-pound (578 N) force level.
1008.1.4.2
Power-operated doors.
Where
means of egress doors are operated by power, such as
doors with a photoelectric-actuated mechanism to open the door upon the
approach of a person, or doors with power-assisted manual operation, the design
shall be such that in the event of power failure, the door is capable of being
opened manually to permit
means of egress travel or closed
where necessary to safeguard
means of egress. The forces
required to open these doors manually shall not exceed those specified in
Section 1008.1.3, except that the force to set the door in motion shall not
exceed 50 pounds (220 N). The door shall be capable of swinging from any
position to the full width of the opening in which such door is installed when
a force is applied to the door on the side from which egress is made.
Full-power-operated doors shall comply with BHMA A156.10. Power-assisted and
low-energy doors shall comply with BHMA A156.19.
Exceptions:
1. Occupancies in Group I-3.
2. Horizontal sliding doors complying with
Section 1008.1.4.3.
3. For a
biparting door in the emergency breakout mode, a door leaf located within a
multiple-leaf opening shall be exempt from the minimum 32-inch (813 mm)
single-leaf requirement of Section 1008.1.1, provided a minimum 32-inch (813
mm) clear opening is provided when the two biparting leaves meeting in the
center are broken out.
1008.1.4.3
Horizontal sliding
doors. In other than Group H occupancies, horizontal sliding doors
permitted to be a component of a
means of egress in accordance
with Exception 6 to Section 1008.1.2 shall comply with all of the following
criteria:
1. The doors shall be power operated
and shall be capable of being operated manually in the event of power
failure.
2. The doors shall be
openable by a simple method from both sides without special knowledge or
effort.
3. The force required to
operate the door shall not exceed 30 pounds (133 N) to set the door in motion
and 15 pounds (67 N) to close the door or open it to the minimum required
width.
4. The door shall be
openable with a force not to exceed 15 pounds (67 N) when a force of 250 pounds
(1100 N) is applied perpendicular to the door adjacent to the operating
device.
5. The door assembly shall
comply with the applicable fire protection rating and, where
rated, shall be self-closing or automatic closing by smoke detection in
accordance with Section 715.4.8.3, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA
80 and shall comply with Section 715.
6. The door assembly shall have an integrated
standby power supply.
7. The door
assembly power supply shall be electrically supervised.
8. The door shall open to the minimum
required width within 10 seconds after activation of the operating
device.
1008.1.4.4
Access-controlled egress doors. The entrance doors in a
means of egress in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B,
E, I-2, M, R-1 or R-2 and entrance doors to tenant spaces in occupancies in
Groups A, B, E, I-2, M, R-1 and R-2 are permitted to be equipped with an
approved entrance and egress access control system which shall
be installed in accordance with all of the following criteria:
1. A sensor shall be provided on the egress
side arranged to detect an occupant approaching the doors. The doors shall be
arranged to unlock by a signal from or loss of power to the sensor.
2. Loss of power to that part of the access
control system which locks the doors shall automatically unlock the
doors.
3. The doors shall be
arranged to unlock from a manual unlocking device located 40 inches to 48
inches (1016 mm to 1219 mm) vertically above the floor and within 5 feet (1524
mm) of the secured doors. Ready access shall be provided to the manual
unlocking device and the device shall be clearly identified by a sign that
reads "PUSH TO EXIT." When operated, the manual unlocking device shall result
in direct interruption of power to the lock-independent of the access control
system electronics-and the doors shall remain unlocked for a minimum of 30
seconds.
4. Activation of the
building fire alarm system, if provided, shall automatically unlock the doors,
and the doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has been
reset.
5. Activation of the
building automatic sprinkler or fire detection system, if provided, shall
automatically unlock the doors. The doors shall remain unlocked until the fire
alarm system has been reset.
6.
Entrance doors in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E or M shall not
be secured from the egress side during periods that the building is open to the
general public.
1008.1.4.5
Security grilles. In
Groups B, F, M and S, horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are
permitted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside without the
use of a key or special knowledge or effort during periods that the space is
occupied. The grilles shall remain secured in the full-open position during the
period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or more means of
egress are required, not more than one-half of the
exits or exit access doorways shall be
equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles.
1008.1.5
Floor
elevation. There shall be a floor or landing on each side of a door.
Such floor or landing shall be at the same elevation on each side of the door.
Landings shall be level except for exterior landings, which are permitted to
have a slope not to exceed 0.25 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent
slope).
Exceptions:
1. Doors serving individual dwelling units in
Groups R-2 and R-3 where the following apply:
1.1. A door is permitted to open at the top
step of an interior flight of stairs,
provided the door does not swing over the top step.
1.2. Screen doors and storm doors are
permitted to swing over stairs or
landings.
2. Exterior
doors as provided for in Section 1003.5, Exception 1, and Section 1020.2, which
are not on an accessible route.
3. In Group R-3 occupancies not required to
be Accessible units, Type A units or
Type B units, the landing at an exterior doorway shall not be
more than 73/4 inches (197
mm) below the top of the threshold, provided the door, other than an exterior
storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing.
4. Variations in elevation due to differences
in finish materials, but not more than
1/2 inch (12.7 mm).
5. Exterior decks, patios or balconies that
are part of Type B dwelling units, have impervious surfaces
and that are not more than 4 inches (102 mm) below the finished floor level of
the adjacent interior space of the dwelling unit.
1008.1.6
Landings at doors.
Landings shall have a width not less than the width of the
stairway or the door, whichever is greater. Doors in the fully
open position shall not reduce a required dimension by more than 7 inches (178
mm). When a landing serves an occupant load of 50 or more,
doors in any position shall not reduce the landing to less than one-half its
required width. Landings shall have a length measured in the direction of
travel of not less than 44 inches (1118 mm).
Exception: Landing length in the direction of
travel in Groups R-3 and U and within individual units of Group R-2 need not
exceed 36 inches (914 mm).
1008.1.7
Thresholds. Thresholds
at doorways shall not exceed
3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in height
for sliding doors serving dwelling units or
1/2 inch (12.7 mm) for other
doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than
1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at doorways
shall be beveled with a slope not greater than one unit vertical in two units
horizontal (50-percent slope).
Exception: The threshold height shall be limited
to 73/4 inches (197 mm) where
the occupancy is Group R-2 or R-3; the door is an exterior door that is not a
component of the required means of egress; the door, other
than an exterior storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing or step;
and the doorway is not on an accessible route as required by
Chapter 11 and is not part of an Accessible unit, Type
A unit or Type B unit.
1008.1.8
Door arrangement. Space
between two doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum plus the
width of a door swinging into the space. Doors in a series shall swing either
in the same direction or away from the space between the doors.
Exceptions:
1. The minimum distance between horizontal
sliding power-operated doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1219
mm).
2. Storm and screen doors
serving individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 need not be spaced 48
inches (1219 mm) from the other door.
3. Doors within individual dwelling units in
Groups R-2 and R-3 other than within Type A dwelling
units.
1008.1.9
Door operations. Except as specifically permitted by this section egress
doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key
or special knowledge or effort.
1008.1.9.1
Hardware. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating
devices on doors required to be accessible by Chapter 11 shall
not require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to
operate.
1008.1.9.2
Hardware
height. Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices
shall be installed 34 inches (864 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1219 mm) maximum
above the finished floor. Locks used only for security purposes and not used
for normal operation are permitted at any height.
Exception: Access doors or gates in barrier
walls and fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be permitted to have
operable parts of the release of latch on self-latching devices at 54 inches
(1370 mm) maximum above the finished floor or ground, provided the
self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices operated by means of a
key, electronic opener or integral combination lock.
1008.1.9.3
Locks and latches.
Approved locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent
operation of doors where any of the following exists:
1. Places of detention or
restraint.
2. In buildings in
occupancy Group A having an
occupant load of 300 or less,
Groups B, F, M and S, and in
places of religious worship, the
main exterior door or doors are permitted to be equipped with key-operated
locking devices from the egress side provided:
2.1. The locking device is readily
distinguishable as locked;
2.2. A
readily visible durable sign is posted on the egress side on or adjacent to the
door stating: THIS DOOR TO REMAIN UNLOCKED WHEN BUILDING IS OCCUPIED. The sign
shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a contrasting background;
and
2.3. The use of the key-operated
locking device is revocable by the building official for due
cause.
3. Where egress
doors are used in pairs, approved automatic flush bolts shall
be permitted to be used, provided that the door leaf having the automatic flush
bolts has no doorknob or surface-mounted hardware.
4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping
units of Group R occupancies having an occupant load of 10 or
less are permitted to be equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security
chain, provided such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a
key or tool.
5.
Fire
doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the
unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test
procedures.
1008.1.9.4
Bolt locks. Manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not
permitted.
Exceptions:
1. On doors not required for egress in
individual dwelling units or sleeping units.
2. Where a pair of doors serves a storage or
equipment room, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted
on the inactive leaf.
3. Where a
pair of doors serves an occupant load of less than 50 persons
in a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted
bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf. The inactive leaf shall contain no
doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.
4. Where a pair of doors serves a Group B, F
or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted
on the inactive leaf provided such inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress
width requirements and the building is equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1. The inactive leaf shall contain no doorknobs, panic bars or similar
operating hardware.
5. Where a pair
of doors serves patient care rooms in Group I-2 occupancies, self-latching
edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf provided that
the inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress width requirements and the
inactive leaf contains no doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating
hardware.
1008.1.9.5
Unlatching. The unlatching of any door or leaf shall not require
more than one operation.
Exceptions:
1. Places of detention or
restraint.
2. Where manually
operated bolt locks are permitted by Section 1008.1.9.4.
3. Doors with automatic flush bolts as
permitted by Section 1008.1.9.3, Exception 3.
4. Doors from individual dwelling units and
sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1008.1.9.3,
Exception 4.
1008.1.9.5.1
Closet and
bathroom doors in Group R-4 occupancies. In Group R-4 occupancies,
closet doors that latch in the closed position shall be openable from inside
the closet, and bathroom doors that latch in the closed position shall be
capable of being unlocked from the ingress side.
1008.1.9.6
Special locking arrangements
in Group I-2.
Approved delayed egress locks shall be
permitted in a Group I-2 occupancy where the clinical needs of persons
receiving care require such locking. Delayed egress locks shall be permitted in
such occupancies where the building is equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or an
approved automatic smoke or heat detection
system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors unlock
in accordance with Items 1 through 6 below. A building occupant shall not be
required to pass through more than one door equipped with a delayed egress lock
before entering an
exit.
1.
The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic sprinkler
system or automatic fire detection system.
2. The doors unlock upon loss of power
controlling the lock or lock mechanism.
3. The door locks shall have the capability
of being unlocked by a signal from the fire command center, a nursing station
or other approved location.
4. The procedures for the operation(s) of the
unlocking system shall be described and approved as part of
the emergency planning and preparedness required by Chapter 4 of the
International Fire Code.
5. All clinical staff shall have the keys,
codes or other means necessary to operate the locking devices.
6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at
the door.
Exception: Items 1 through 3 shall not apply to
doors to areas where persons, because of clinical needs, require restraint or
containment as part of the function of a mental hospital.
1008.1.9.7
Delayed egress
locks.
Approved,
listed, delayed
egress locks shall be permitted to be installed on doors serving any occupancy
except Group A, E and H occupancies in buildings that are equipped throughout
with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 or an
approved automatic smoke or heat detection
system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors unlock
in accordance with Items 1 through 6 below. A building occupant shall not be
required to pass through more than one door equipped with a delayed egress lock
before entering an
exit.
1.
The doors unlock upon actuation of the automatic sprinkler
system or automatic fire detection system.
2. The doors unlock upon loss of power
controlling the lock or lock mechanism.
3. The door locks shall have the capability
of being unlocked by a signal from the fire command center.
4. The initiation of an irreversible process
which will release the latch in not more than 15 seconds when a force of not
more than 15 pounds (67 N) is applied for 1 second to the release device.
Initiation of the irreversible process shall activate an audible signal in the
vicinity of the door. Once the door lock has been released by the application
of force to the releasing device, relocking shall be by manual means only.
Exception: Where approved, a delay of not more
than 30 seconds is permitted.
5. A sign shall be provided on the door
located above and within 12 inches (305 mm) of the release device reading: PUSH
UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 [30] SECONDS.
6. Emergency lighting shall be provided at
the door.
1008.1.9.8
Electromagnetically locked egress doors. Doors in the
means of egress that are not otherwise required to have panic
hardware in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 and
doors to tenant spaces in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 shall be permitted to be
electromagnetically locked if equipped with
listed hardware
that incorporates a built-in switch and meet the requirements below:
1. The listed hardware that
is affixed to the door leaf has an obvious method of operation that is readily
operated under all lighting conditions.
2. The listed hardware is
capable of being operated with one hand.
3. Operation of the listed
hardware releases to the electromagnetic lock and unlocks the door
immediately.
4. Loss of power to
the listed hardware automatically unlocks the door.
1008.1.9.9
Locking
arrangements in correctional facilities. In occupancies in Groups A-2,
A-3, A-4, B, E, F, I-2, I-3, M and S within correctional and detention
facilities, doors in
means of egress serving rooms or spaces
occupied by persons whose movements are controlled for security reasons shall
be permitted to be locked when equipped with egress control devices which shall
unlock manually and by at least one of the following means:
1. Activation of an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1;
2. Activation of an
approved manual alarm box; or
3. A signal from a constantly
attended location.
1008.1.9.10
Stairway doors.
Interior
stairway
means of
egress doors shall be openable from both sides without the use of a
key or special knowledge or effort.
Exceptions:
1.
Stairway discharge doors
shall be openable from the egress side and shall only be locked from the
opposite side.
2. This section
shall not apply to doors arranged in accordance with Section 403.5.3.
3. In stairways serving not
more than four stories, doors are permitted to be locked from the side opposite
the egress side, provided they are openable from the egress side and capable of
being unlocked simultaneously without unlatching upon a signal from the fire
command center, if present, or a signal by emergency personnel from a single
location inside the main entrance to the building.
1008.1.10
Panic and fire
exit hardware. Doors serving a Group H occupancy and doors serving rooms
or spaces with an occupant load of 50 or more in a Group A or
E occupancy shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic
hardware or fire exit hardware.
Exception: A main exit of a
Group A occupancy in compliance with Section 1008.1.9.3, Item 2.
Electrical rooms with equipment rated 1,200 amperes or more
and over 6 feet (1829 mm) wide that contain overcurrent devices, switching
devices or control devices with exit or exit
access doors shall be equipped with panic hardware or fire
exit hardware. The doors shall swing in the direction of egress
travel.
1008.1.10.1
Installation. Where panic or
fire exit hardware is
installed, it shall comply with the following:
1. Panic hardware shall be
listed in accordance with UL 305;
2.
Fire exit hardware shall
be listed in accordance with UL 10C and UL 305;
3. The actuating portion of the releasing
device shall extend at least one-half of the door leaf width; and
4. The maximum unlatching force shall not
exceed 15 pounds (67 N).
1008.1.10.2
Balanced doors. If
balanced doors are used and panic hardware is required, the
panic hardware shall be the push-pad type and the pad shall not extend more
than one-half the width of the door measured from the latch side.
