Code of Massachusetts Regulations
310 CMR - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Title 310 CMR 22.00 - Drinking Water
Section 22.16A - Public Notification Requirements

Universal Citation: 310 CMR 22.00 MA Code of Regs 22.16A

Current through Register 1531, September 27, 2024

(1) Each Community Water System in existence as of September 18, 1998, must deliver its first consumer confidence report to its customers by October 19, 1999, its second report by July 1, 2000, and subsequent reports by July 1st annually thereafter. The first report must contain data collected during, or prior to, calendar year 1998, as provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(4)(h). Each report thereafter must contain data collected prior to or during the previous calendar year as specified at 310 CMR 22.16A(4)(h).

(2) Each Community Water System established after January 1, 1999, must deliver its first consumer confidence report to its customers by July 1st of the year after its first full calendar year in operation and annually thereafter.

(3) A Public Water System that sells or provides water to another Community Water System shall deliver the applicable information required at 310 CMR 22.16A(4), to the buyer or receiving system:

(a) no later than April 19, 1999, by April 1, 2000, and by April 1st annually thereafter, or

(b) on a date mutually agreed upon by the seller and the purchaser, and specifically included in a written contract between the parties.

(4) Content of the Reports. Each Community Water System must provide to its customers an annual report that contains the information specified in 310 CMR 22.16A(4).

(a) Each report must identify the source(s) of the water delivered by the Community Water System by providing information on:

1. The type of the water: e.g., Surface Water, Groundwater; and

2. The commonly used name and the Department's source water identification number (if any) and location of the body (or bodies) of water.

(b) If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify consumers of the availability of this information and the means to obtain it. In addition, the Public Water Systems are encouraged to highlight in the report significant sources of contamination in the source water area if they have readily available information. Where a system has received a source water assessment from the Department, the report shall include a brief summary of the Public Water System's susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language provided by the Department.

1. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG. The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.

2. Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL. The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.

(d) A report for a Community Water System operating under a variance or an exemption issued by the Department must include the following definition: Variances and Exemptions. The Department or EPA permission not to meet an MCL or a Treatment Technique under certain conditions.

(e) A report that contains data on a contaminant, for which the Department or EPA regulates using any of the following terms, must include the applicable definitions for the purpose of 310 CMR 22.16A:

1. Treatment Technique. A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

2. Action Level. The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.

3. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels Goal or MRDLG. The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.

4. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level or MRDL. The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

(f) Information on Detected Contaminants. 310 CMR 22.16A(4) specifies the requirements for information to be included in each report for contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring (except Cryptosporidium). It applies to:

1. Contaminants subject to an MCL, Action Level, Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level or Treatment Technique (regulated contaminants);

2. Contaminants for which monitoring is required by 310 CMR 22.07C (unregulated contaminants); and

3. Disinfection by-products or microbial contaminants for which monitoring is required by 40 CFR 141.142 and 141.143, except as provided at 310 CMR 22.16A(5)(a), and which are detected in the finished water.

(g) The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one table or in several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results which a Community Water System chooses to include in its report must be displayed separately.

(h) The data must be derived from data collected to comply with EPA and Department monitoring and analytical requirements during calendar year 1998 for the first report and subsequent calendar years thereafter except that:

1. Where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less often than once a year, the table(s) must include the date and results of the most recent sampling and the report must include a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations. No data older than five years need be included.

2. Results of monitoring in compliance with 40 CFR 141.142 and 141.143 need only be included for five years from the date of last sample or until any of the detected contaminants becomes regulated and subject to routine monitoring requirements, whichever comes first.

(i) For detected regulated contaminants listed in 310 CMR 22.00, including without limitation in 310 CMR 22.16A(27), the table(s) shall contain:

1. The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0, as provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(27);

2. The MCLG for that contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL;

3. If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must indicate that there is a Treatment Technique, Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level, or specify the Action Level, applicable to that contaminant, and the report must include the definitions for Treatment Technique, Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level and/or Action Level, as appropriate, specified at 310 CMR 22.16A(4)(e);

4. For contaminants subject to an MCL, except Turbidity and E. coli, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with 310 CMR 22.00 and the range of detected levels, as follows:

a. When compliance with the MCL is based on a single sample or the average of an initial and a confirmation sample: the highest detected level or average at any Sampling Point and the range of detected levels of all Sampling Points expressed in the same units as the MCL.

b. When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or less frequently: the highest detected level at any Sampling Point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL.

c. When compliance with the MCL is determined by calculating a Running Annual Average of all samples taken at a monitoring location: the highest average of any of the monitoring locations and the range of all Sampling Points expressed in the same units as the MCL. For the MCLs for TTHM and HAA5 in 310 CMR 22.07E(1)(c), Suppliers of Water shall include the highest Locational Running Annual Average for TTHM and HAA5 and the range of individual sample results for all monitoring locations expressed in the same units as the MCL. If more than one location exceeds the TTHM or HAA5 MCL, the Supplier of Water shall include the Locational Running Annual Averages for all locations that exceed the MCL.

d. When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-wide basis by calculating a Running Annual Average of all samples at all monitoring locations: the average and range of detection expressed in the same units as the MCL. The Supplier of Water shall include individual sample results for the IDSE conducted under 310 CMR 22.07F when determining the range of TTHM and HAA5 results to be reported in the annual consumer confidence report for the calendar year that the IDSE samples were taken.

e. When rounding of results to determine compliance with the MCL is allowed by 310 CMR 22.00, rounding shall be done prior to multiplying the results by the factor listed in 310 CMR 22.16A(27).

5. For Turbidity.

a. When it is reported pursuant to 310 CMR 22.08, the highest average monthly value.

b. When it is reported pursuant to the requirements of 310 CMR 22.20A(2), the highest monthly value. The report shall include an explanation of the reasons for measuring Turbidity.

c. When it is reported pursuant to 310 CMR 22.20A(4), 22.20D or 22.20F, the highest single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the Turbidity limits specified in 310 CMR 22.20A(4), 22.20D or 22.20F for the Filtration technology being used. The report shall include an explanation of the reasons for measuring Turbidity.

6. For Lead and Copper. For each contaminant, the 90th percentile value of the most recent round of sampling, and the number of sampling sites exceeding the Action Level.

7. For Total Coliform analytical results until March 31, 2016.

a. The highest monthly number of total coliform-positive samples for Public Water Systems collecting fewer than 40 samples per month; or

b. The highest monthly percentage of positive samples for Public Water Systems collecting at least 40 samples per month.

8. For E. coli: the total number of E. coli-positive samples; and

9. The likely source(s) of detected contaminants to the best of the Supplier of Water's knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in Sanitary Surveys and source water assessments, and should be used when available to the Supplier of Water. If the Supplier of Water lacks specific information on the likely source, the report shall include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant listed in 310 CMR 22.16A(27) that is most applicable to the system.

(j) If a Community Water System distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent Distribution Systems that are fed by different Raw Water sources, the table should contain a separate column for each service area and the report should identify each separate Distribution System. Alternatively, systems could produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service area.

(k) The table(s) must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs, MRDLs or Treatment Techniques and the report must contain a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation including: the length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects, and actions taken by the system to address the violation. To describe the potential health effects, the system must use the relevant language in 310 CMR 22.16A(27).

(l) For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required (except Cryptosporidium), the table(s) must contain the average and range at which the contaminant was detected. The report may include a brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants. The report may also include health risk information which may be obtained from the Drinking Water Program's Consumer Confidence Report guidance available on the MassDEP website or by contacting the Drinking Water Program. Drinking Water Contaminant Human Health Effects Information is also available on USEPA's website.

(5) Information on Cryptosporidium, Radon, and other Contaminants.

(a) If the system performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, including monitoring performed to satisfy the requirements of 40 CFR 141.143, which indicates that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or the finished water, the report must include:

1. A summary of the results of the monitoring; and

2. An explanation of the significance of the results.

(b) If the system performed any monitoring for radon which indicates that radon may be present in the finished water, the report must include:

1. The results of the monitoring; and

2. An explanation of the significance of the results.

(c) If the system performed additional monitoring which indicates the presence of other contaminants in the finished water, the Public Water System is strongly encouraged to report any results which may indicate a health concern. The Department considers detects above a proposed MCL or health advisory level to indicate possible health concerns. For such contaminants, the Department recommends that the report include:

1. The results of the monitoring; and

2. An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence of a health advisory or a proposed regulation.

(6) In addition, to the requirements of 310 CMR 22.16A(4)(k), the report must note any violation that occurred during the year covered by the report of a requirement listed in 310 CMR 22.16A(6)(a) through (g), and include a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation, any potential adverse health effects, and the steps the system has taken to correct the violation.

(a) Monitoring and reporting of compliance data;

(b) Filtration and Disinfection. For systems which have failed to install adequate Filtration or Disinfection equipment or processes, or have had a failure of such equipment or processes which constitutes a violation, the report must include the following language as part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, Viruses, and parasites which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

(c) Lead and Copper Control. For systems which fail to take one or more actions prescribed by 310 CMR 22.06B(1)(d)(1), (3), (4) or (5), the report must include the applicable language of 310 CMR 22.16A(27) for lead, copper, or both.

(d) Treatment Techniques for Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin. For systems which violate the requirements of 310 CMR 22.04(10), the report must include the relevant language from 310 CMR 22.16A(27).

(e) Recordkeeping of compliance data.

(f) Special monitoring requirements prescribed by 310 CMR 22.07C and 22.06A; and

(g) Violation of the terms of a Variance, an Exemption, or an administrative or judicial order.

(7) Variances and Exemptions. If a system is operating under the terms of a Variance or an Exemption issued under 310 CMR 22.13, 22.13A or 22.14, the report must contain:

(a) An explanation of the reasons for the Variance or Exemption;

(b) The date on which the Variance or Exemption was issued;

(c) A brief status report on the steps the system is taking to install treatment, find alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules of the Variance or Exemption; and

(d) A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review, or renewal, of the Variance or Exemption.

(8) Additional Information.

(a) The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants which may reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water including bottled water. This explanation may include the language in 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(a)1. through 3., or systems may use their own comparable language with Department approval. The report also must include the language of paragraph 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(a)4.

1. Sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.

2. Contaminants that may be present in source water include:

a. Microbial contaminants, such as Viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.

b. Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining or farming.

c. Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.

d. Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems.

e. Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.

3. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the Department and EPA prescribe regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. FDA and 105 CMR 570.000: The Manufacture, Collection, and Bottling of Water and Carbonated Nonalcoholic Beveragesestablish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same protection for public health.

4. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791) or your local water supplier.

(b) The report must include the PWSID#, address, telephone number of the owner, operator, or designee of the Community Water System as a source of additional information concerning the report.

(c) In communities with 10% or greater, or greater than 1000 people (whichever is lesser) of non-English speaking residents, the report must contain information in the appropriate language(s) regarding the importance of the report. In communities serving 25% or greater of non-English speaking residents, the report must contain a statement in the appropriate language(s) which includes a telephone number or address where such residents may contact the system to obtain a translated copy of the report or assistance in the appropriate language.

(d) The report must include information (e.g., time and place of regularly scheduled board meetings) about opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water.

(e) The systems may include such additional information as they deem necessary for public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the report.

(f) The Public Water System shall include any additional language as specified by the Department.

(g) Systems Required to Comply with 310 CMR 22.26.

1. Any groundwater system that receives notice from the Department of a Significant Deficiency or notice from a laboratory of a fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample that is not invalidated by the Department under 310 CMR 22.26(3)(d) must inform its customers of any Significant Deficiency that is uncorrected at the time of the next report or of any fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample in the next report. The system must continue to inform the public annually until the Department determines that particular Significant Deficiency is corrected or the fecal contamination in the groundwater source is addressed under 310 CMR 22.26(4)(a). Each report must include the following elements.

a. The nature of the particular Significant Deficiency or the source of the fecal contamination (if the source is known) and the date the Significant Deficiency was identified by the Department or the dates of the fecal indicator-positive groundwater source samples;

b. If the fecal contamination in the groundwater source has been addressed under 310 CMR 22.26(4)(a) and the date of such action;

c. For each Significant Deficiency or fecal contamination in the groundwater source that has not been addressed under 310 CMR 22.26(4)(a), the Department-approved plan and schedule for correction, including interim measures, progress to date, and any interim measures completed; and

d. If the system receives notice of a fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample that is not invalidated by the Department under 310 CMR 22.26(3)(d), the potential health effects using the health effects language of 310 CMR 22.16A(27).

2. If directed by the Department a system with significant deficiencies that have been corrected before the next report is issued must inform its customers of the Significant Deficiency, how the deficiency was corrected, and the date of correction under 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(g)1.

(h) Systems Required to Comply with the Revised Total Coliform Rule (310 CMR 22.05).

1. Any Supplier of Water required to perform a Level 1 Assessment or a Level 2 Assessment that is not due to an E. coli MCL violation shall include in the report the language provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(h)1.a.; and as appropriate 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(h)1.b. and c., inserting the appropriate information where indicated; and the language provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(h)1.d.i. and ii., if appropriate.

a. Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments.

b. During the past year we were required to conduct [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENTS] Level 1 assessment(s). [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENTS] Level 1 assessment(s) were completed. In addition, we were required to take [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] corrective actions and we completed [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] of these actions.

c. During the past year [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENTS] Level 2 assessments were required to be completed for our water system. [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENTS] Level 2 assessments were completed. In addition, we were required to take [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] corrective actions and we completed [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] of these actions.

d. Any Supplier of Water that has failed to complete all the required assessments or correct all identified Sanitary Defects, is in violation of the Treatment Technique requirement and must also include one or both of the following statements, as appropriate:

i. During the past year we failed to conduct all of the required assessment(s).

ii. During the past year we failed to correct all identified defects that were found during the assessment.

2. Any Supplier of Water required to perform a Level 2 Assessment due to an E. coli MCL violation shall include in the report the language provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(h)2.a. and b., inserting the appropriate information where indicated; and the language provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(8)(h)2.c.i. and ii., if appropriate.

a. E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. We found E. coli bacteria, indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments.

b. We were required to complete a Level 2 assessment because we found E. coli in our water system. In addition, we were required to take [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] corrective actions and we completed [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] of these actions.

c. Any Supplier of Water that has failed to complete the required assessment or correct all identified Sanitary Defects, is in violation of the Treatment Technique requirement and shall also include one or both of the following statements, as appropriate:

i. We failed to conduct the required assessment.

ii. We failed to correct all sanitary defects that were identified during the assessment that we conducted.

3. If a Supplier of Water detects E. coli and has violated the E. coli MCL, then in addition to completing the table as required in 310 CMR 22.16A(4)(i)4., the Supplier of Water shall also include one or more of the following statements to describe any noncompliance, as applicable:

a. We had an E. coli-positive repeat sample following a total coliform- positive routine sample.

b. We had a total coliform-positive repeat sample following an E. coli-positive routine sample.

c. We failed to take all required repeat samples following an E. coli-positive routine sample.

d. We failed to test for E. coli when any repeat sample tests positive for total coliform.

4. If a Supplier of Water detects E. coli and has not violated the E. coli MCL, in addition to completing the table as required in 310 CMR 22.16A(4)(i)4., the Supplier of Water may include a statement that explains that although they have detected E. coli, they are not in violation of the E. coli MCL.

(9) Required Additional Health Information. All reports must prominently display the following language:

Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).

(10) Beginning in the report due by July 1, 2002, a Community Water System which detects arsenic at levels above 0.005 mg/L, and up to and including 0.010 mg/L:

(a) Shall include in its report a short informational statement about arsenic, using language such as: While your drinking water meets EPA's standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. EPA's standard balances the current understanding of arsenic's possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. EPA continues to research the health effects of arsenic which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems.

(b) May write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with and approval of the Department.

(c) Beginning in the report due by July 1, 2002 and ending January 22, 2006, a community water system that detects arsenic above 0.010 mg/L and up to and including 0.05 mg/L shall include the arsenic health effects language prescribed by 310 CMR 22.16A(27).

(11) A Community Water System which detects nitrate at levels above 5 mg/l, but below the MCL:

(a) Must include a short informational statement about the impacts of nitrate on children using language such as: Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of younger than six months old. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant you should ask advice from your health care provider.

(b) May write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with and approval of the Department.

(12) Every report must include the following lead-specific information:

(a) A short informational statement about lead in drinking water and its effects on children. The statement must include the following information: If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. [NAME OF UTILITY] is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to two minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing, methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline 800-426-4791 or at http://water.epa.gov/drink/info/lead/index.cfm .

(b) A system may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with and with written approval of the Department.

(13) Community Water Systems that detect TTHM above 0.080 mg/l, but below the MCL listed in 310 CMR 22.07 as an annual average, monitored and calculated under the provisions of 310 CMR 22.07, must include health effects language prescribed in 310 CMR 22.16A(27).

(14) Report Delivery and Recordkeeping. Except as provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(20), each Community Water System must mail or otherwise directly deliver one copy of the Consumer Confidence Report to each customer.

(15) The Community Water System must make a good faith effort to reach consumers who do not get water bills, and are required to take a minimum of three of the following actions:

(a) Post report in the lobby of apartment complexes;

(b) Place an ad in a local newspaper stating where copies are available;

(d) Post consumer confidence report in Town Hall;

(e) Place copies of the consumer confidence report in the local public library;

(f) Post a notice (in main lobby of apartment complexes) stating that the consumer confidence report is posted on a website, and give the website address;

(g) Publish the report in local newspaper(s);

(h) Deliver the report to community organizations.

(16) No later than the date the Community Water System is required to distribute the report to its customers, the system shall submit:

(a) two copies of the consumer confidence report and the related attachments to the Department, one of which will be submitted to the applicable Department regional office and one will be submitted to the Boston office; and

(b) a certification, using the Department's form, that the report has been distributed to customers, and that the information is correct and consistent with the compliance monitoring data previously submitted to the Department.

(17) No later than the date the system is required to distribute the report to its customers, each Community Water System must deliver the report to its local Board of Health or any other agency identified by the Department.

(18) Each Community Water System must make its reports available to the public upon request.

(19) Each Community Water System serving 100,000 or more persons must post its most recent report to a publicly-accessible site on the Internet.

(20) A Community Water System serving fewer than 10,000 persons has the option of mailing or directly delivering copies of the consumer confidence report to each customer, as provided in 310 CMR 22.16A(14), or, alternatively, such system must comply with the following notice requirements:

(a) Publish the report in one or more local newspapers serving the area in which the system is located;

(b) Inform the customers that the reports will not be mailed. Notification shall be either in the newspapers in which the reports are published or by a statement in a bill or newsletter; and

(21) A Community Water System serving 500 or fewer persons may forego the requirements of 310 CMR 22.16A(20)(a) and (b), if the system provides a notice at least once per year to its customers by mail, door-to-door delivery or by posting in an appropriate location, that the report shall be available upon request.

(22) Any system subject to 310 CMR 22.16A, must retain copies of its Consumer Confidence Report for no less than three years.

(23) A Non-community Water System shall comply with the following:

(a) Post a Consumer Confidence Report within 30 days of notification from the Department that the report is available. Posting must be in a conspicuous location(s) for the public to read. The report shall remain posted until a new report is made available.

(b) The Non-community Water System must retain copies of its Consumer Confidence Report for no less than three years and make it available to the public upon request.

(24) Consumer Confidence Reporting Requirements. (Reserved)

(25) Consumer Confidence Report by the Department for Any Public Water System Subject to 310 CMR 22.16A. The Department may prepare and issue to the public a report as required by 310 CMR 22.16A on behalf of the Public Water System. The Public Water System remains legally responsible for ensuring that the requirements of 310 CMR 22.16A are met. The Department reserves the right to issue on behalf of the Public Water System the report to the public when not required by 310 CMR 22.16A in the event of a significant health problem. The Public Water System shall be responsible for all fees incurred by the Department as a result of issuing such report.

(26) A Public Water System receiving water from a source approved by the Department under an Emergency agreement shall comply with 310 CMR 22.16A(4) for the Emergency Source unless otherwise approved in writing by the Department.

(27) Charts for Regulated Contaminants, Unregulated Contaminants, and Secondary Contaminants

(a) Table 1: Regulated Contaminants Chart.

Key:

AL=Action Level

CCR=Consumer Confidence Report

MCL=Maximum Contaminant Level

MCLG=Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

MFL=Million Fibers per Liter

MRDL=Maximum Residual

Disinfectant Level

MRDLG=Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal

mrem/year=millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)

NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units

pCi/L=picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)

ppm=parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/L)

ppb=parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (ug/L)

ppt=parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter

ppq=parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter

TT=Treatment Technique

Contaminant	Traditional MCL	To convert for CCR, multiply by	MCL in CCR units	MCLG in CCR units	Major Sources in Drinking Water	Health Effects Language
1. Cryptosporidium	TT	-	TT	0	Discharged especially where water is contaminated with sewage or animal wastes.	Some people who drink water containing Cryptosporidium could experience severe gastrointestinal effects.
2. Giardia lamblia	TT	-	TT	0	Discharged especially where water is contaminated with sewage or animal wastes.	Some people who drink water containing Giardia lamblia could experience severe gastrointestinal effects.
3. Heterotrophic plate count	TT	-	TT	N/A	Heterotrophic plate count is an indicator method that measures a range of naturally-occurring bacteria in the environment.	Heterotrophic plate count is not associated with health effects, but is a method that measures the bacterial quality of the water as an indicator of the adequacy of water treatment.
4. Legionella	TT	-	TT	0	Natural sources; multiplies in heating and air-conditioning systems.	Some people who use drinking water containing Legionella could experience Legionnaire's Disease, a type of pneumonia.
5. Total Coliform Bacteria	TT	-	TT	N/A	Naturally present in the environment	Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments.
6. E. coli	Routine and repeat samples are total coliform-positive and either is E. coli-positive or Supplier of Water fails to take repeat samples following E. coli-positive routine sample or Supplier of Water fails to analyze total coliform-positive repeat sample for E. coli			0	Human and animal fecal waste.	E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.
7. Fecal Indicators a. (E. coli, enterococci, or coliphage) Groundwater Rule	TT	-	TT	N/A	Human and animal fecal waste	Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.
8. Total organic carbon	TT	-	TT	N/A	Naturally present in the environment	Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by products. These byproducts include Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increase risk of getting cancer.
9. Turbidity	TT	-	TT	N/A	Soil runoff	Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, Viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.
10. Viruses (enteric)	TT	-	TT	0	Discharged especially where water is contaminated with sewage or animal wastes	Some people who drink water containing Viruses could experience severe gastrointestinal effects.
Radioactive Contaminants
11. Beta/photon emitters	4 mrem/yr	-	4 mrem/yr	0	Decay of natural and man-made deposits	Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
12. Alpha emitters	15 pCi/l	-	15 pCi/l	0	Erosion of natural deposits	Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
13. Combined radium	5 pCi/l	-	5 pCi/l	0	Erosion of natural deposits	Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
14. Uranium	0.030 mg/l	1000	30 ppb1	0	Erosion of natural deposits	Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity.
Inorganic Contaminants
15. Antimony	0.006 mg/l	1000	6 ppb	6 ppb	Fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder	Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
16. Arsenic	0.01 mg/l	1000	10 ppb	N/A	Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass and electronics production wastes	Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
17. Asbestos	7 MFL	-	7 MFL	7 MFL	Decay of asbestos cement water mains; erosion of natural deposits	Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.
18. Barium	2 mg/l	-	2 ppm	2 ppm	Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits	Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.
19. Beryllium	0.004 mg/l	1000	4 ppb	4 ppb	Discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries; erosion of natural deposits	Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.
20. Bromate	0.010 mg/l	1000	10 ppb	0	By-product of drinking water Disinfection	Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years have an increased risk of getting cancer.
21. Cadmium	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	5 ppb	Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints	Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
22. Chloramines	MRDL= 4 mg/l	-	MRDL= 4 ppm	MRDLG= 4 ppm	Water additive used to control microbes	Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
23. Chlorine	MRDL= 4 mg/l	-	MRDL= 4 ppm	MRDLG= 4 ppm	Water additive used to control microbes	Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort.
24. Chlorine dioxide	MRDL= 0.8 mg/l	1000	800 ppb	MRDLG= 800 ppb	Water additive used to control microbes	Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.
25. Chlorite	1 mg/l	-	1 ppm	0.8 ppm	By-product of drinking water Disinfection	Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.
26. Chromium	0.1 mg/l	1000	100 ppb	100 ppb	Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits	Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.
27. Copper	AL=1.3 mg/l	-	AL=1.3 ppm	1.3 ppm	Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives	Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson's Disease should consult their personal doctor.
28. Cyanide	0.2 mg/l	1000	200 ppb	200 ppb	Discharge from metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories	Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.
29. Fluoride3	4 mg/l	-	4 ppm	4 ppm	Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories	Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Children may get mottled teeth.
30. Lead	AL= 0.015 mg/l	1000	AL=15 ppb	0	Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits	Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure.
31. Mercury [inorganic]	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	2 ppb	Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland	Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
32. Nitrate	10 mg/l	-	10 ppm	10 ppm	Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits	Infants younger than six months old who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
33. Nitrite	1 mg/l	-	1 ppm	1 ppm	Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits	Infants younger than six months old who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.
34. Perchlorate	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	N/A	Rocket propellants, fireworks, munitions, flares, blasting agents	Perchlorate interferes with the normal function of the thyroid gland and thus has the potential to affect growth and development, causing brain damage and other adverse effects, particularly in fetuses and infants. Pregnant women, the fetus, infants, children younger than 12 years old, and people with a hypothyroid condition are particularly susceptible to perchlorate toxicity.
35. Selenium	0.05 mg/l	1000	50 ppb	50 ppb	Discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines	Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation.
36. Thallium	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	0.5 ppb	Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories	Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
Synthetic Organic Contaminants Including Pesticides and Herbicides
37. 2,4-D (ppb)	0.07 mg/l	1000	70 ppb	70 ppb	Runoff from herbicide used on row crops	Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
38. 2,4,5-TP [Silvex]	0.05 mg/l	1000	50 ppb	50 ppb	Residue of banned herbicide	Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
39. Acrylamide	TT	-	TT	0	Added to water during sewage/ wastewater treatment	Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
40. Alachlor	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	0	Runoff from herbicide used on row crops	Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
41. Atrazine	0.003 mg/l	1000	3 ppb	3 ppb	Runoff from herbicide used on row crops	Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.
42. Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH]	0.0002 mg/l	1,000,000	200 ppt	0	Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines	Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
43. Carbofuran (ppb)	0.04 mg/l	1000	40 ppb	40 ppb	Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa	Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.
44. Chlordane	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	0	Residue of banned termiticide	Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
45. Dalapon	0.2 mg/l	1000	200 ppb	200 ppb	Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way	Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.
46. Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate	0.4 mg/l	1000	400 ppb	400 ppb	Discharge from chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive difficulties.
47. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	0.006 mg/l	1000	6 ppb	0	Discharge from rubber and chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have prob-lems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
48. Dibromochloro-propane (DBCP)	0.0002 mg/l	1,000,000	200 ppt	0	Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, and orchards	Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
49. Dinoseb	0.007 mg/l	1000	7 ppb	7 ppb	Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables	Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
50. Diquat	0.02 mg/l	1000	20 ppb	20 ppb	Runoff from herbicide use	Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.
51. Dioxin [2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD] (ppq)	0.00000003 mg/l	1,000,000,000	30 ppq	0	Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
52. Endothall	0.1 mg/l	1000	100 ppb	100 ppb	Runoff from herbicide use	Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines.
53. Endrin	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	2 ppb	Residue of banned insecticide	Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
54. Epichlorohydrin	TT	-	TT	0	Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an impurity of some water treatment chemicals	Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
55. Ethylene dibromide	0.00002 mg/l	1,000,000	20 ppt	0	Discharge from petroleum refineries	Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
56. Glyphosate	0.7 mg/l	1000	700 ppb	700 ppb	Runoff from herbicide use	Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
57. Heptachlor	0.0004 mg/l	1,000,000	400 ppt	0	Residue of banned pesticide	Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
58. Heptachlor epoxide	0.0002 mg/l	1,000,000	200 ppt	0	Breakdown of heptachlor	Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
59. Hexachloro-benzene	0.001 mg/l	1000	1 ppb	0	Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
60. Hexachlorocy-clopenta-diene	0.05 mg/l	1000	50 ppb	50 ppb	Discharge from chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
61. Lindane	0.0002 mg/l	1,000,000	200 ppt	200 ppt	Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens	Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.
62. Methoxychlor	0.04 mg/l	1000	40 ppb	40 ppb	Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock	Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.
63. Oxamyl [Vydate]	0.2 mg/l	1000	200 ppb	200 ppb	Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes and tomatoes	Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.
64. PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls]	0.0005 mg/l	1,000,000	500 ppt	0	Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals	Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
65. Pentachloro-phenol	0.001 mg/l	1000	1 ppb	0	Discharge from wood preserving factories	Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
66. Picloram	0.5 mg/l	1000	500 ppb	500 ppb	Herbicide runoff	Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
67. Simazine	0.004 mg/l	1000	4 ppb	4 ppb	Herbicide runoff	Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.
68. Toxaphene	0.003 mg/l	1000	3 ppb	0	Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle	Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
69. Benzene	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	0	Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills	Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
70. Carbon tetrachloride	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	0	Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities	Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
71. Chlorobenzene	0.1 mg/l	1000	100 ppb	100 ppb	Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
72. o-Dichlorobenzene	0.6 mg/l	1000	600 ppb	600 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.
73. p-Dichlorobenzene	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	5 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.
74. 1,2-Dichloroethane	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	0	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
75. 1,1-Dichloroethyle ne	0.007 mg/l	1000	7 ppb	7 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
76. cis-1,2-Dichloroet hylene	0.07 mg/l	1000	70 ppb	70 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
77. trans-1,2-Dichloro ethylene	0.1 mg/l	1000	100 ppb	100 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in exc.ess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.
78. Dichloromethane	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	0	Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
79. 1,2-Dichloropropa ne	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	9	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
80. Ethylbenzene	0.7 mg/l	1000	700 ppb	700 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.
81. Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)	0.060 mg/l	1000	60 ppb	N/A	By-product of drinking water Disinfection	Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
82. Styrene	0.1 mg/l	1000	100 ppb	100 ppb	Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills	Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.
83. Tetrachloroethylen e	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	0	Discharge from factories and dry cleaners and asbestos cement lined pipes	Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
84. 1,2,4-Trichloroben zene	0.07 mg/l	1000	70 ppb	70 ppb	Discharge from textile-finishing factories	Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.
85. 1,1,1-Trichloroeth ane	0.2 mg/l	1000	200 ppb	200 ppb	Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories	Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.
86. 1,1,2-Trichloro-ethane	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	3 ppb	Discharge from industrial chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems.
87. Trichloroethylene	0.005 mg/l	1000	5 ppb	0	Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories	Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
88. TTHMs [Total Trihalomethanes]	0.08 mg/l	1000	80 ppb	N/A	By-product of drinking water Disinfection	Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
89. Toluene	1 mg/l	-	1 ppm	1 ppm	Discharge from petroleum factories	Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.
90. Vinyl Chloride	0.002 mg/l	1000	2 ppb	0	Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics factories	Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
91. Xylenes	10 mg/l (10,000 ppb)	1000	10 ppm 10,000 ppb	10 ppm	Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories	Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
92. PFAS6	0.000020 mg/l	1,000,000	20 ng/l (or ppt)	None	Discharges and emissions from industrial and manufacturing sources associated with the production or use of these PFAS, including production of moisture and oil resistant coatings on fabrics and other materials. Additional sources include the use and disposal of products containing these PFAS, such as fire-fighting foams.	Some people who drink water containing these PFAS in excess of the MCL may experience certain adverse effects. These could include effects on the liver, blood, immune system, thyroid, and fetal development. These PFAS may also elevate the risk of certain cancers.

(b) Table 2 - Unregulated Contaminants Chart.

Sources to Drinking Water and Health Effects

Key:

CASRN - Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number

ORSG - Office of Research and Standards Guideline

mg/L - milligrams per liter (same as ppm)

ppm - parts per million

ppb - parts per billion

ppt - parts per trillion

pCi/L - Picocuries per liter

Chemical (CASRN)	ORSG	To convert for CCR, multiply by	ORSG in CCR units	Source to Drinking Water	Health Effects
Acetone (67641)	6.3 mg/L	-	6.3 ppm	Discharge from industrial production and use, in automobile exhaust, from landfills and natural sources	Some people who drink water containing acetone at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the blood, kidney, liver, and reproductive system.
Chemical (CASRN)	ORSG	To convert for CCR, multiply by	ORSG in CCR units	Source to Drinking Water	Health Effects
Aldicarb (116063)	0.003 mg/L	1000	3 ppb	Run-off from use as a pesticide	Some people who drink water containing aldicarb at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the central nervous system.
Aldicarb sulfone (1646884)	0.002 mg/L	1000	2 ppb	Degraded from aldicarb by plants	Some people who drink water containing aldicarb sulfone in high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the central nervous system.
Aldicarb sulfoxide (74839)	0.004 mg/L	1000	4 ppb	Degraded from aldicarb by plants	Some people who drink water containing aldicarb sulfoxide in high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the central nervous system.
Aldrin	*	-	-	Run-off from insecticide use	Some people who drink water containing aldrin in high concentrations for many years could experience liver damage, kidney effects.
4-androstene-3,17-dione (63058)	*	-	-	-	-
Bromobenzene (108861)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing bromobenzene in high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
Bromomethane (methyl bromide) (74839)	0.01 mg/L	1000	10 ppb	Run-off from use as a fumigant	Some people who drink water containing bromomethane at high concentrations for many years could experience digestive tract effects, and headaches.
Bromodichloromethane (75274)	*	-	-	Trihalomethane; by-product of drinking water chlorination	Some people who drink water containing bromodichloromethane at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems.
Bromochloromethane (Halon 1001) (74975)	*	-	-	-	-
Bromoform (75252)	*	-	-	Trihalomethane; by-product of drinking water chlorination	Some people who drink water containing bromoform at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems.
Butachlor (23184669)	*	-	-	Run-off from use as a herbicide	Some people who drink water containing butachlor at high concentrations for many years could experience liver effects.
1,3-Butadiene (106990)	*	-	-	-	-
Butylbenzene isomers (n;sec;tert)	*	-	-	Run-off from industrial use	Some people who drink water containing butylbenzene isomers at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
Carbaryl (63252)	*	-	-	Run-off from use as an insecticide	Some people who drink water containing carbaryl at high concentrations for many years could experience kidney and liver effects.
Chlorate (14866683)	*	-	-	-	-
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) (75456)	*	-	-	-	-
Chloroethane (75003)	*	-	-	Discharge from industrial uses	Some people who drink water containing chloroethane at high concentrations for many years could experience dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
Chloroform (67663)	0.07 mg/L	1000	70 ppb	Trihalomethane; by-product of drinking water chlorination. [In non-chlorinated sources, chloroform may be naturally occurring.]	Some people who drink water containing chloroform at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems and may have an increased risk of cancer.
Chloromethane (methyl chloride) (74873)	*	-	-	Discharge from industrial uses	Some people who drink water containing chloromethane at high concentrations for many years could experience dizziness and fatigue.
o-Chlorotoluene (95498)	*	-	-	Discharge from industrial use	Some people who drink water containing o-chlorotoluene at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
Chromium-6 (18540299)	*	-	-	-	-
Chemical (CASRN)	ORSG	To convert for CCR, multiply by	ORSG in CCR units	Source to Drinking Water	Health Effects
Cobalt (7440484)	*	-	-	-	-
Dibromochloromethane (124481)	*	-	-	Trihalomethane; by-product of drinking water chlorination	Some people who drink water containing dibromochloromethane at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems.
Dicamba (1918009)	*	-	-	Run-off from use as a herbicide	Some people who drink water containing dicamba at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
m-Dichlorobenzene (541731)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing m-dichlorobenzene at high concentrations for many years could experience damage to red blood cells.
Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12) (75718)	1.4 mg/L	-	1.4 ppm	Discharge from use as a refrigerant	Some people who drink water containing dichlorodifluoromethane at high concentrations for many years could experience dizziness and headaches.
1,1-Dichloroethane (75343)	0.07 mg/L	1000	70 ppb	Discharge from use as a degreasing agent	Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethane at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney effects.
2,2-Dichloropropane	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing 2,2-dichloropropane at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
1,3-Dichloropropane (142289)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing 1,3-dichloropropane at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
1,1-Dichloropropene	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloropropene at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
1,3-Dichloropropene (cis,trans) (542756)	0.0004 mg/L	1,000,000	400 ppt	Run-off from use as a nematocide	Some people who drink water containing cis or trans-1.3-dichloropropene at high concentrations for many years could experience irritation of the eyes, ears, nose, and throat or cancer.
Dieldrin (60571)	*	-	-	Run-off from pesticide application	Some people who drink water containing dieldrin at high concentrations for many years could experience liver damage, convulsions, or cancer.
1,4-Dioxane (123911)	0.0003 mg/L	1000	0.3 ppb	Discharge from chemical manufacturing and landfills	Some people who drink water containing 1,4-dioxane at high concentrations for many years could experience chronic kidney and liver effects and liver cancer.
Enteroviruses (N/A)	*	-	-	-	-
Equilin (474862)	*	-	-	-	-
17-B-estradiol (50282)	*	-	-	-	-
Estrone (53167)	*	-	-	-	-
Ethylene glycol (107211)	14 mg/L	-	14 ppm	Run-off from use as a deicing chemical; discharge from antifreeze and industrial solvents	Some people who drink water containing ethylene glycol at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the kidneys, nervous system, and the heart.
17-a-ethynylestradiol (ethinyl estradiol) (57636)	*	-	-	-	-
Hexachlorobutadiene (87683)	*	-	-	Discharge from use as an industrial solvent	Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobutadiene at high concentrations for many years could experience kidney effects and effects on a fetus.
3-Hydroxycarbofuran	*	-	-	Breakdown product from the use of the pesticide carboxyfuran	Some people who drink water containing 3-hydroxycarbofuran at high concentrations for many years could experience liver effects.
Isopropylbenzene (98828)	*	-	-	Discharge from chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing isopropylbenzene at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
Isopropyltoluene	*	-	-	Discharge from chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing isopropyltoluene at high concentrations for many years may experience central nervous system effects.
Methyl ethyl ketone (78933)	0.35 mg/L	1000	350	Discharge from use as a production solvent and degreaser	Some people who drink water containing methyl ethyl ketone at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the kidney.
Methyl isobutyl ketone (108101)	4.0 mg/L	-	4 ppm	Discharge from use as a production and extraction solvent	Some people who drink water containing methyl isobutyl ketone at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the kidney and liver.
Methyl tertiary butyl ether or MTBE (1634044)	0.07 mg/L	1000	70 ppb	Fuel additive; leaks and spills from gasoline storage tanks	Some people who drink water containing methyl tertiary butyl ether at high concentrations for many years could experience chronic effects on the kidney and liver and possible cancer.
Methomyl (16752775)	*	-	-	Runoff from use as an insecticide	Some people who drink water containing methomyl at high concentrations for many years could experience kidney effects.
Metolachlor (51218452)	0.1 mg/L	1000	100 ppb	Run-off from use as a herbicide	Some people who drink water containing metolochlor at high concentrations for many years could experience cancer.
Metribuzin (21087649)	*	-	-	Run-off from use as a herbicide	Some people who drink water containing metribuzin at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney effects.
Molybdenum (7439987)	*	-	-	-	-
Naphthalene (91203)	0.140 mg/L	1000	140 ppb	Discharge from use in mothballs and other domestic products	Some people who drink water containing naphthalene at high concentrations for many years could experience damage to red blood cells, nausea and vomiting.
Nickel (7440020)	0.1 mg/L	1000	100 ppb	Discharge from domestic wastewater, landfills, and mining and smelting operations	Some people who drink water containing nickel at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the lung, stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, immune system, reproduction, and development.
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (62759)	*	-	-	Discharge from industrial use; as a by-product of drinking water treatment; produced from naturally occurring precursor chemicals	Some people who drink water containing NDMA at high concentrations as well as infants born to pregnant women who drink the water may experience an increased risk of cancer. This chemical may also produce liver disease and kidney effects after short-term exposure to high doses or long-term exposure to lower doses.
Noroviruses (N/A)	*	-	-	-	-
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) (13252-13-6)	*	-	-	-	-
N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonami doacetic acid (NEtFOSAA) (2991-50-6)	*	-	-	-	-
N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonami doacetic acid (NMeFOSAA) (2355-31-9)	*	-	-	-	-
Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid (PFBS) (375735)	*	-	-	-	-
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) (307-55-1)	*	-	-	-	-
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (307-24-4)	*	-	-	-	-
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) (376-06-7)	*	-	-	-	-
Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) (72629-94-8)	*	-	-	-	-
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) (2058-94-8)	*	-	-	-	-
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-o xaundecane-1-sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS) (763051-92-9)	*	-	-	-	-
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3 -oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS) (756426-58-1)	*	-	-	-	-
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorono nanoic acid (ADONA) (919005-14-4)	*	-	-	-	-
Petroleum hydrocarbons Total P.H. Aliphatics C5-C8 (30080) C9-C12(30089) C9-C18(30092) C19-C36(30057) Aromatics C9-C10(30087) C11-C22(30048)	0.2 mg/L 0.3 mg/L 0.7 mg/L 0.7 mg/L 14.0 mg/L 0.2 mg/L 0.2 mg/L	1000 1000 1000 1000 0 1000 1000	200 ppb 300 ppb 700 ppb 700 ppb 14 ppm 200 ppb 200 ppb	Discharge from the production, distribution, storage, and use of petroleum in transportation and industrial applications	Some people who drink water containing petroleum hydrocarbons at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the central nervous system, blood, immune system, liver, spleen, kidneys, developing fetus, and lungs.
Propachlor (1918167)	*	-	-	Runoff from use as a herbicide	Some people who drink water containing propachlor at high concentrations for many years could experience liver effects.
n-propylbenzene (103651)	*	-	-	Discharge from chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing n-propylbenzene at high concentrations for many years may experience central nervous system effects.
Radon-222 (14869677)	10,000 pCi/L	-	10,000 pCi/L	Natural sources	Some people who drink water containing radon-222 at high concentrations for many years could experience cancer of the lung.
Sodium (7440235)	20 mg/L	-	20 ppm	Discharge from the use and improper storage of sodium-containing deicing compounds or in water-softening agents	Some people who drink water containing sodium at high concentrations for many years could experience an increase in blood pressure.
Strontium (7440246)	*	-	-	-	-
Sulfate	*	-	-	Natural sources	Some people who drink water containing sulfate at high concentrations for many years could experience diarrhea.
Tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME) (994058)	0.09 mg/L	1000	90 ppb	Discharge from use as an octane enhancer and oxygenate in gasoline	Some people who drink water containing TAME at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the kidney and liver and possible cancer.
Tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) (75650)	0.12 mg/L	1000	120 ppb	Degraded from MTBE; discharged from use as an octane enhancer and oxygenate in gasoline	Some people who drink water containing TBA at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the kidney and bladder and possible cancer.
Testosterone (58220)	*	-	-	-	-
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (630206)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane at high concentrations for many years could experience liver effects.
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (79345)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in dry cleaning	Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane at high concentrations for many years could experience nausea, vomiting and liver damage.
Tetrahydrofuran (109999)	1.3 mg/L	-	1.3 ppm	Discharge from use as an adhesive for joining pipes in water treatment systems and as a production solvent	Some people who drink water containing tetrahydrofuran at high concentrations for many years could experience effects on the central nervous system, liver, kidney, and lung and possible cancer.
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene at high concentrations for many years could experience liver effects.
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-tri-fluoroethane (76131)	210 mg/L	-	210 ppm	Discharge from use as a cleaning agent, production solvent, and blowing agent	Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-tri-fluoroethane at high concentrations for many years could experience problems on the nervous system.
Trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11) (75694)	*	-	-	Discharge from use as a refrigerant	Some people who drink water containing trichlorofluoromethane at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (96184)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in paint and varnish removers	Some people who drink water containing 1,2,3-trichloropropane at high concentrations for many years could experience liver damage.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (95636)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in dyes and paints	Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (108678)	*	-	-	Discharge from use in chemical manufacturing	Some people who drink water containing 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at high concentrations for many years could experience central nervous system effects.
Vanadium (7440622)	*	-	-	-	-

* There is no ORS Guideline issued as yet for these contaminants. Health risk information for these chemicals may be obtained from the Drinking Water Program's Consumer Confidence Report guidance available on the MassDEP website or by contacting the Drinking Water Program. Drinking Water Contaminant Human Health Effects Information is also available on USEPA's website.

Sources to Drinking Water and Health and/or Aesthetic Effects

Key:

CASRN - Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number

CCR - Consumer Confidence Report

SMCL - Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level

C.U. -Color Unit ppb - parts per billion

T.O.N. - Threshold odor numbers

mg/L - milligram per liter (same as ppm)

ppm - parts per million

ppb - parts per billion

Chemical (CASRN)	SMCL	To convert for CCR, multiply by	SMCL in CCR units	Source to Drinking Water	Health and/or Aesthetic Effects
Aluminum	0.2 mg/L	1000	200 ppb	Residue from water treatment process: erosion of natural deposits	May produce colored water.
Chloride	250 mg/L	-	250 ppm	Runoff and leaching from natural deposits; seawater influence	May produce a salty taste.
Color	15 C.U.	-	15 C.U.	Naturally occurring material	May produce a visible tint.
Copper	1 mg/L	-	1 ppm	Internal corrosion of household plumbing; erosion of natural deposits	May produce a metallic taste; blue-green staining.
Corrosivity	Non-corrosive	-	-	Balance of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in water, affected by temperature and other factors	May produce a metallic taste; corroded pipes; fixture staining.
Fluoride	2.0 mg/L	-	2 ppm	Erosion of natural deposits	May produce tooth discoloration.
Foaming agents	0.5 mg/L	1000	500 ppb	Municipal and industrial waste discharge	May produce froth; cloudiness; bitter taste; odor.
Iron	0.3 mg/L	1000	300 ppb	Natural and industrial sources as well as aging and corroding Distribution Systems and household pipes	Use of water containing iron at concentrations above the secondary MCL may result in aesthetic issues, including the staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures and water with an unpleasant metallic taste and rusty odor.
Manganese5	0.05 mg/L (0.30 mg/L, ORSG)	1000	50 ppb (300 ppb, ORSG	Natural sources as well as discharges from industrial uses	Drinking water may naturally have manganese and, when concentrations are greater than 50 ppb, the water may be discolored and taste bad. Over a lifetime, the EPA recommends that people drink water with manganese levels less than 300 ppb and over the short term, EPA recommends that people limit their consumption of water with levels over 1000 ppb, primarily due to concerns about possible neurological effects. Children younger than one year old should not be given water with manganese concentrations over 300 ppb, nor should formula for infants be made with that water for more than a total of ten days throughout the year.
Odor	3 T.O.N.	-	3 T.O.N.	Naturally occurring organic materials that form ions when in water; seawater influence	May produce a "rotten-egg", musty, or chemical smell.
pH	6.5-8.5	-	6.5-8.5	Runoff and leaching from natural deposits; seawater influence	Low pH may produce: bitter metallic taste; corrosion High pH may produce a slippery feel; soda taste; deposits.
Silver	0.10 mg/L	1000	100 ppb	Naturally occurring element	May produce skin discoloration; graying of the white part of the eye.
Sulfate	250 mg/L	-	250 ppm	Runoff and leaching from natural deposits; industrial wastes	May produce a salty taste.
Total dissolved solids (TDS)	500 mg/L	-	500 ppm	Runoff and leaching from natural deposits; seawater influence	May produce hardness; deposits; colored water; staining; salty taste.
Zinc	5 mg/L	-	5 ppm	Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits	May produce a metallic taste.

5 EPA has established a lifetime "Health Advisory" (HA) of 0.3 mg/L and an acute HA at 1.0 mg/L for Manganese and this HA contains a precautionary statement that "for infants younger than six months, the lifetime Health Advisory of 0.3 mg/L be used even for an acute exposure of ten days, because of the concerns for differences in manganese content in human milk and formula and the possibility of a higher absorption and lower excretion in young infants". MassDEP extended that age to one year out of concerns for formula use up to that age and the potential susceptibility of this early life stage to excessive manganese exposure and potential resultant toxicity.

Please go to http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/secondarystandards.cfm for additional information on secondary contaminants.

Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Massachusetts may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.

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Code of Massachusetts Regulations310 CMR - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONTitle 310 CMR 22.00 - Drinking WaterSection 22.16A - Public Notification Requirements

Code of Massachusetts Regulations
310 CMR - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Title 310 CMR 22.00 - Drinking Water
Section 22.16A - Public Notification Requirements