Code of Massachusetts Regulations
310 CMR - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Title 310 CMR 22.00 - Drinking Water
Section 22.06B - Control of Lead and Copper in Drinking Water
Universal Citation: 310 CMR 22.00 MA Code of Regs 22.06B
Current through Register 1531, September 27, 2024
(1) General Requirements.
(a)
Applicability.
The requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B constitute the Massachusetts drinking water
regulations for lead and copper. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the
provisions of 310 CMR 22.06B applies to community water systems and
non-transient, non-community water systems ("water systems" or
"systems").
(b)
Scope. 310 CMR 22.06B establishes a treatment
technique for lead and copper that includes requirements for corrosion control
treatment, source water treatment, lead service line replacement, and public
education. These requirements are triggered, in some cases, by lead and copper
action levels measured in samples collected at consumers' taps.
(c)
Lead and Copper Action
Levels:
1. The lead action level
is exceeded if the concentration of lead in more than 10% of tap water samples
collected during any monitoring period conducted in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(7) is greater than 0.015 mg/L (i.e., if the
"90th percentile" lead level is greater than 0.015
mg/L).
2. The copper action level
is exceeded if the concentration of copper in more than 10% of tap water
samples collected during any monitoring period conducted in accordance with 310
CMR 22.06B(7) is greater than 1.3 mg/L (i.e., if the
"90th percentile" copper level is greater than 1.3
mg/L).
3. The
90th percentile lead and copper levels shall be
computed as follows:
a. The results of all
lead or copper samples taken during a monitoring period shall be placed in
ascending order from the sample with the lowest concentration to the sample
with the highest concentration. Each sampling result shall be assigned a
number, ascending by single integers beginning with the number one for the
sample with the lowest contaminant level. The number assigned to the sample
with the highest contaminant level shall be equal to the total number of
samples taken.
b. The number of
samples taken during the monitoring period shall be multiplied by
0.9.
c. The contaminant
concentration in the numbered sample yielded by the calculation in 310 CMR
22.06B(1)(c)3.b. is the 90th percentile contaminant
level.
d. For water systems serving
fewer than 100 people that collect five samples per monitoring period, the
90th percentile is computed by taking the average of
the highest and second highest concentrations.
e. For a public water system that has been
allowed by the Department to collect fewer than five samples in accordance with
310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c), the sample result with the highest concentration is
considered the 90th percentile value.
f. If unapproved sample sites are submitted
with lead and copper results, they shall be included in the computation of the
90th percentile.
(d)
Corrosion Control Treatment
Requirements.
1. All water
systems shall install and operate optimal corrosion control treatment as
defined in 310 CMR 22.02.
2. Any
water system that complies with the applicable corrosion control treatment
requirements specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(2) and (3) shall
be deemed in compliance with the treatment requirement contained in 310 CMR
22.06B(1)(d)1.
(e)
Source Water Treatment Requirements. Any system
exceeding the lead or copper action level shall implement all applicable source
water treatment requirements specified by the Department under 310 CMR
22.06B(4).
(f)
Lead
Service Line Replacement Requirements. Any system exceeding the
lead action level after implementation of applicable corrosion control and
source water treatment requirements shall complete the lead service line
replacement requirements contained in 310 CMR 22.06B(5).
(g)
Public Education
Requirements. Pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(6), all water systems
shall provide a consumer notice of lead and copper tap water monitoring results
to the persons served at the sites (taps) that are tested. Any system exceeding
the lead action level shall implement the public education
requirements.
(h)
Monitoring and Analytical Requirements. Tap water
monitoring for lead and copper, monitoring for water quality parameters, source
water monitoring for lead and copper, and analyses of the monitoring results
under 310 CMR 22.06B(1) shall be completed in compliance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)
through (10).
(i)
Reporting Requirements. Systems shall report to the
Department any information required by the treatment provisions of 310 CMR
22.06B(1) and 310 CMR 22.06B(11).
(j)
Recordkeeping
Requirements. Systems shall maintain records in accordance with
310 CMR 22.06B(12).
(k)
Violation of National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations. Failure to comply with the applicable requirements of
310 CMR 22.06B(1) through (12), including requirements established by the
Department pursuant to 310 CMR 22.00 shall constitute a violation of the
national primary drinking water regulations for lead and/or copper.
(2) Applicability of corrosion control treatment steps to small, medium-size and large water systems.
(a) Systems shall complete the applicable
corrosion control treatment requirements described in 310 CMR 22.06B(3) by the
deadlines established in 310 CMR 22.06B.
1. A
large system (serving >50,000 persons) shall complete the corrosion control
treatment steps specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(d), unless it is deemed to have
optimized corrosion control under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)2. or (b)3.
2. A small system (serving <= persons) and
a medium size system (serving >3,300 and <= persons) shall complete the
corrosion control treatment steps specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(e), unless it
is deemed to have optimized corrosion control under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)1., 2.,
or 3.
(b) A system is
deemed to have optimized corrosion control and is not required to complete the
applicable corrosion control treatment steps identified in 310 CMR 22.06B if
the system satisfies one of the criteria specified in 310 CMR 22.06(2)(b)1.
through 3. Any such system deemed to have optimized corrosion control under 310
CMR 22.06B(2)(b), and which has treatment in place, shall continue to operate
and maintain optimal corrosion control treatment and meet any requirements that
the Department determines appropriate to ensure that optimal corrosion control
is maintained.
1. A small or medium-size
water system is deemed to have optimized corrosion control if the system meets
the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month
monitoring periods conducted in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7).
2. Any water system may be deemed by the
Department to have optimized corrosion control treatment if the system
demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Department that it has conducted
activities equivalent to the corrosion control steps applicable to such system
under 310 CMR 22.06B. If the Department makes this determination, it shall
provide the system with written notice explaining the basis for its decision
and shall specify the water quality control parameters representing optimal
corrosion control in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f). Water systems deemed
to have optimized corrosion control under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)2. shall operate
in compliance with Department-designated optimal water quality control
parameters in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g) and continue to conduct lead
and copper tap and water quality parameter sampling in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)3. and 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(d), respectively. A system shall provide
the Department with the following information in order to support a
determination under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)2.:
a. the results of all test samples collected
for each of the water quality parameters in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c)3.
b. a report explaining the test methods used
by the water system to evaluate the corrosion control treatments listed in 310
CMR 22.06B(3)(c)1., the results of all tests conducted, and the basis for the
system's selection of optimal corrosion control treatment;
c. a report explaining how corrosion control
has been installed and how it is being maintained to insure minimal lead and
copper concentrations at consumers' taps; and
d. the results of tap water samples collected
in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7) at least once every six months for one
year after corrosion control has been installed.
3. Any water system is deemed to have
optimized corrosion control if it submits results of tap water monitoring
conducted in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7) and source water monitoring
conducted in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(9) that demonstrates for two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods that the difference between the
90th percentile tap water lead level computed under
310 CMR 22.06B(1)(c)3. and the highest source water lead concentration, is less
than the Practical Quantitation Level (PQL) for lead specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(10)(a)1.b.
a. Those systems whose
highest source water lead level is below the Method Detection Limit may also be
deemed to have optimized corrosion control under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.a. if
the 90th percentile tap water lead level is less
than or equal to the Practical Quantitation Level for lead for two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods.
b.
Any water system deemed to have optimized corrosion control in accordance with
310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.b. shall continue monitoring for lead and copper at the
tap no less frequently than once every three calendar years using the reduced
number of sites specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c) and collecting the samples at
times and locations specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.d. Any such system that
has not conducted a round of monitoring pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06(B)(7)(d)
since September 30, 1997, shall complete a round of monitoring pursuant to 310
CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.b. no later than September 30, 2000.
c. Any water system deemed to have optimized
corrosion control pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.c. shall notify the
Department in writing pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06(B)(11)(a)3. of any upcoming
long-term change in treatment or the addition of a new source as described in
310 CMR 22.06B(11)(a)3. The Department must review and approve the addition of
a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented by
the water system. The Department may require any such system to conduct
additional monitoring or to take other action the Department deems appropriate
to ensure that such systems maintain minimal levels of corrosion in the
distribution system.
d. As of July
12, 2001, a system is not deemed to have optimized corrosion control under 310
CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.d., and shall install corrosion control treatment pursuant to
310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.e. unless it meets the copper action level.
e. Any system triggered into corrosion
control because it is no longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control
under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.e. shall implement corrosion control treatment in
accordance with the deadlines in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(e). Any such large system
shall adhere to the schedule specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(e) for medium-size
systems, with the time periods for completing each step being triggered by the
date the system is no longer deemed to have optimized corrosion control under
310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3.e.
(c) Any small or medium-size water system
that is required to complete the corrosion control steps due to its exceedance
of the lead or copper action level may cease completing the treatment steps
whenever the system meets both action levels during each of two consecutive
monitoring periods conducted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7) and submits the
results to the Department. If any such water system thereafter exceeds the lead
or copper action level during any monitoring period, the system (or the
Department, as the case may be) shall recommence completion of the applicable
treatment steps, beginning with the first treatment step which was not
previously completed in its entirety. The Department may require a system to
repeat treatment steps previously completed by the system where the Department
determines that this is necessary to implement properly the treatment
requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B. The Department shall notify the system in
writing of such a determination and explain the basis for its decision. The
requirement for any small or medium size system to implement corrosion control
treatment steps in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06(B)(2)(e) (including systems
deemed to have optimized corrosion control under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)l.) is
triggered whenever any small-or medium-sized system exceeds the lead or copper
action level.
(d)
Treatment Steps and Deadlines for Large Systems.
Except as provided in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)2. and 3., large systems shall
complete the following corrosion control treatment steps (described in the
referenced portions of 310 CMR 22.06B(3), (7), and (8)) by the indicated dates.
1.
Step 1: The
system shall conduct initial monitoring as specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1.
and (8)(b) during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by January 1,
1993.
2.
Step
2: The system shall complete corrosion control studies (310 CMR
22.06B(3)(c)) by July 1, 1994.
3.
Step 3: The Department shall designate optimal
corrosion control treatment (310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d)) by January 1,
1995.
4.
Step
4: The system shall install optimal corrosion control treatment
(310 CMR 22.06B(3)(e)) by January 1, 1997.
5.
Step 5: The
system shall complete follow-up sampling (310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)2. and (8)(c)) by
January 1, 1998.
6.
Step 6: The Department shall review installation of
treatment and designate optimal water quality control parameters (310 CMR
22.06B(3)(f)) by July 1, 1998.
7.
Step 7: The system shall operate in compliance with
the Department-specified optimal water quality control parameters (310 CMR
22.06B(3)(g)) and continue to conduct tap sampling (310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)3. and
(8)(d)).
(e)
Treatment Steps and Deadlines for Small and Medium-size
Systems. Except as provided in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b), small and
medium-size systems shall complete the following corrosion control treatment
steps (described in the referenced portions of 310 CMR 22.06B(3), (7) and (8))
by the indicated time periods.
1.
Step 1: The system shall conduct initial tap sampling
(310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1. and 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(b)) until the system either
exceeds the lead or copper action level or becomes eligible for reduced
monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4. A system exceeding the lead or copper
action level shall recommend optimal corrosion control treatment (310 CMR
22.06B(3)(a)) within six months after the end of the monitoring period during
which it exceeds one of the action levels.
2.
Step 2: Within 12
months after the end of a monitoring period during which a system exceeds the
lead or copper action level, the Department may require the system to perform
corrosion control studies (310 CMR 22.06B(3)(b)). If the Department does not
require the system to perform such studies, the Department shall specify
optimal corrosion control treatment (310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d)) within the following
timeframes:
a. for medium-size systems,
within 18 months after the end of the monitoring period during which such
system exceeds the lead or copper action level;
b. for small systems, within 24 months after
the end of the monitoring period during which such system exceeds the lead or
copper action level.
3.
Step 3: If the Department requires a system to perform
corrosion control studies under step 2, the system shall complete the studies
(310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c)) within 18 months after the Department requires that such
studies be conducted.
4.
Step 4: If the system has performed corrosion control
studies under step 2, the Department shall designate optimal corrosion control
treatment (310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d)) within six months after completion of step
3.
5.
Step
5: The system shall install optimal corrosion control treatment
(310 CMR 22.06B(3)(e)) within 24 months after the Department designates such
treatment.
6.
Step
6: The system shall complete follow-up sampling (310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)2. and 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)) within 36 months after the Department
designates optimal corrosion control treatment.
7.
Step 7: The
Department shall review the system's installation of treatment and designate
optimal water quality control parameters (310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f)) within six
months after completion of step 6.
8.
Step 8: The
system shall operate in compliance with the Department-designated optimal water
quality control parameters (310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g)) and continue to conduct tap
sampling (310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)3. and (8)(d)).
(3) Description of Corrosion Control Treatment Requirements. Each system shall complete the corrosion control treatment requirements described in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(a) through (h) which are applicable to such system under 310 CMR 22.06B(2).
(a)
System Recommendation
Regarding Corrosion Control Treatment. Based upon the results of
lead and copper tap monitoring and water quality parameter monitoring, small
and medium-size water systems exceeding the lead or copper action level shall
recommend installation of one or more of the corrosion control treatments
listed in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c)1. which the system believes constitutes optimal
corrosion control for that system. The Department may require the system to
conduct additional water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with 310
CMR 22.06B(8)(b) to assist the Department in reviewing the system's
recommendation.
(b)
Department Decision to Require Studies of Corrosion Control
Treatment (Applicable to Small and Medium-size Systems). The
Department may require any small or medium-size system that exceeds the lead or
copper action level to perform corrosion control studies under 310 CMR
22.06B(2)(c) to identify optimal corrosion control treatment for the
system.
(c)
Performance
of Corrosion Control Studies.
1.
Any public water system performing corrosion control studies shall evaluate the
effectiveness of each of the following treatments, and, if appropriate,
combinations of the following treatments to identify the optimal corrosion
control treatment for that system:
a.
alkalinity and pH adjustment;
b.
calcium hardness adjustment; and
c.
the addition of a phosphate or silicate based corrosion inhibitor at a
concentration sufficient to maintain an effective residual concentration in all
test tap samples.
2. The
water system shall evaluate each of the corrosion control treatments using
either pipe rig/loop tests, metal coupon tests, partial-system tests, or
analyses based on documented analogous treatments with other systems of similar
size, water chemistry and distribution system configuration.
3. The water system shall measure the
following water quality parameters in any tests conducted under 310 CMR
22.06B(3)(c)3. before and after evaluating the corrosion control treatments
listed in 310 CMR 22.06(B)(3)(c)1. through c.:
a. lead;
b. copper;
c. pH;
d. alkalinity;
e. calcium;
f. conductivity;
g. orthophosphate (when an inhibitor
containing a phosphate compound is used);
h. silicate (when an inhibitor containing a
silicate compound is used);
i.
water temperature.
4.
The water system shall identify all chemical or physical constraints that limit
or prohibit the use of a particular corrosion control treatment and document
such constraints with at least one of the following:
a. data and documentation showing that a
particular corrosion control treatment has adversely affected other water
treatment processes when used by another water system with comparable water
quality characteristics; and/or
b.
data and documentation demonstrating that the water system has previously
attempted to evaluate a particular corrosion control treatment and has found
that the treatment is ineffective or adversely affects other water quality
treatment processes.
5.
The water system shall evaluate the effect of the chemicals used for corrosion
control treatment on other water quality treatment processes.
6. On the basis of an analysis of the data
generated during each evaluation, the water system shall recommend to the
Department in writing the treatment option that the corrosion control studies
indicate constitutes optimal corrosion control treatment for that system. The
water system shall provide a rationale for its recommendation along with all
supporting documentation specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c)1. through
5.
(d)
Department Designation of Optimal Corrosion Control
Treatment.
1. Based upon
consideration of available information including, where applicable, studies
performed under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c) and a system's recommended treatment
alternative, the Department shall either approve the corrosion control
treatment option recommended by the system, or designate alternative corrosion
control treatment(s) from among those listed in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c)1. When
designating optimal treatment the Department shall consider the effects that
additional corrosion control treatment may have on water quality parameters and
on other water quality treatment processes.
2. The Department shall notify the system of
its decision on optimal corrosion control treatment in writing and explain the
basis for this determination. If the Department requests additional information
to aid its review, the water system shall provide the information.
(e)
Installation of
Optimal Corrosion Control. Each system shall properly install and
operate throughout its distribution system the optimal corrosion control
treatment designated by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d).
(f)
Department Review of
Treatment and Specification of Optimal Water Quality Control
Parameters. The Department shall evaluate the results of all lead
and copper tap samples and water quality parameter samples submitted by the
water system and determine whether the system has properly installed and
operated the optimal corrosion control treatment designated by the Department
in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d). Upon reviewing the results of tap water and water
quality parameter monitoring by the system, both before and after the system
installs optimal corrosion control treatment, the Department shall designate:
1. a minimum value or a range of values for
pH measured at each entry point to the distribution system;
2. a minimum pH value, measured in all tap
samples. Such value shall be equal to or greater than 7.0, unless the
Department determines that meeting a pH level of 7.0 is not technologically
feasible or is not necessary for the system to optimize corrosion
control;
3. if a corrosion
inhibitor is used, a minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for the
inhibitor, measured at each entry point to the distribution system and in all
tap samples, that the Department determines is necessary to form a passivating
film on the interior walls of the pipes of the distribution system;
4. if alkalinity is adjusted as part of
optimal corrosion control treatment, a minimum concentration or a range of
concentrations for alkalinity, measured at each entry point to the distribution
system and in all tap samples;
5.
if calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control, a
minimum concentration or a range of concentrations for calcium, measured in all
tap samples. The values for the applicable water quality control parameters
listed above shall be those that the Department determines to reflect optimal
corrosion control treatment for the system. The Department may designate values
for additional water quality control parameters determined by the Department to
reflect optimal corrosion control for the system. The Department shall notify
the system in writing of these determinations and explain the basis for its
decisions.
(g)
Continued Operation and Monitoring. All systems
optimizing corrosion control shall continue to operate and maintain optimum
corrosion control treatment, including maintaining water quality control
parameters at or above minimum values or within ranges designated by the
Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f), in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g)
for all samples collected under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(d) through (f). Compliance
with the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g) shall be determined every six
months, as specified under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(d). A water system is out of
compliance with the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g) for a six-month period
if it has excursions for any Department-specified parameter for more than nine
days during the period. An excursion occurs whenever the daily value for one or
more of the water quality control parameters measured at a sampling location is
below the minimum value or outside the range designated by the Department.
Daily values are calculated as follows.
1. On
days when more than one measurement for the water quality parameter is
collected at the sampling location, the daily value shall be the average of all
results collected during the day regardless of whether they are collected
through continuous monitoring, grab sampling, or a combination of
both.
2. On the days when only one
measurement for the water quality parameter is collected at the sampling
location, the daily value shall be the result of that measurement.
3. On days when no measurement is collected
for the water quality parameter at the sampling location, the daily value shall
be the daily value calculated on the most recent day on which the water quality
was measured at the sample site. To minimize the number of days counted as
excursions, a system should take a confirmation sample as soon as possible when
a daily value is below the minimum value or outside the range designated by the
Department. The Department has the discretion to delete results of obvious
sampling errors from this calculation.
(h)
Modification of Department
Treatment Decisions. Upon its own initiative or in response to a
reasonable request by a water system or other interested party, the Department
may modify its determination of the optimal corrosion control treatment under
310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d) or optimal water quality control parameters under 310 CMR
22.06B(3)(d)(f). A request for modification by a system or other interested
party shall be in writing, explain why the modification is appropriate, and
provide supporting documentation. The Department may modify its determination
where it concludes that such change is necessary to ensure that the system
continues to optimize corrosion control treatment. A revised determination
shall be made in writing, set forth the new treatment requirements, explain the
basis for the Department's decision, and provide an implementation schedule for
completing the treatment modifications.
(4) Source Water Treatment Requirements. Systems shall complete the applicable source water monitoring and treatment requirements (described in the referenced portions of 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(b), (7) and (9)) by the following deadlines.
(a)
Deadlines for Completing
Source Water Treatment Steps.
1.
Step 1: A system exceeding the lead or copper action
level shall complete lead and copper source water monitoring (310 CMR
22.06B(9)(b)) and make a treatment recommendation to the Department (310 CMR
22.06B(4)(b)1.) no later than 180 days after the end of the monitoring period
during which the lead or copper action level was exceeded.
2.
Step 2: The
Department shall make a determination regarding source water treatment (310 CMR
22.06B(4)(b)2.) within six months after submission of monitoring results under
Step 1.
3.
Step
3: If the Department requires installation of source water
treatment, the system shall install the treatment (310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)3.)
within 24 months after completion of Step 2.
4.
Step 4: The
system shall complete follow-up tap water monitoring (310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)2.)
and source water monitoring (310 CMR 22.06B(9)(c)) within 36 months after
completion of Step 2.
5.
Step 5: The Department shall review the system's
installation and operation of source water treatment and specify maximum
permissible source water levels (310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)4.) within six months
after completion of Step 4.
6.
Step 6: The system shall operate in compliance with
the Department-specified maximum permissible lead and copper source water
levels (310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)4.) and continue source water monitoring (310 CMR
22.06B(9)(d)).
(b)
Description of Source Water Treatment Requirements.
1.
System Treatment
Recommendation. Any system which exceeds the lead or copper action
level shall recommend in writing to the Department the installation and
operation of one of the source water treatments listed in 310 CMR
22.06B(4)(b)2. A system may recommend that no treatment be installed based upon
a demonstration that source water treatment is not necessary to minimize lead
and copper levels at users' taps.
2.
Department Determination
Regarding Source Water Treatment. The Department shall complete an
evaluation of the results of all source water samples submitted by the water
system to determine whether source water treatment is necessary to minimize
lead or copper levels in water delivered to users' taps. If the Department
determines that treatment is needed, the Department shall either require
installation and operation of the source water treatment recommended by the
system (if any) or require the installation and operation of another source
water treatment from among the following: ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime
softening or coagulation/filtration. If the Department requests additional
information to aid in its review, the water system shall provide the
information by the date specified by the Department in its request. The
Department shall notify the system in writing of its determination and set
forth the basis for its decision.
3.
Installation of Source Water
Treatment. Each system shall properly install and operate the
source water treatment designated by the Department under 310 CMR
22.06B(4)(b)2.
4.
Department Review of Source Water Treatment and Specification of
Maximum Permissible Source Water Levels. The Department shall
review the source water sample analysis taken by the water system both before
and after the system installs source water treatment, and determine whether the
system has properly installed and operated the source water treatment
designated by the Department. Based upon its review, the Department shall
designate the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations for finished
water entering the distribution system. Such levels shall reflect the
contaminant removal capability of the treatment properly operated and
maintained. The Department shall notify the system in writing and explain the
basis for its decision.
5.
Continued Operation and Maintenance. Each water system
shall maintain source water lead and copper levels below 0.005 mg/L and 0.65
mg/L respectively at each sampling point monitored in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(9). The system is out of compliance with 310 CMR 22.06B(9) if the level
of lead or copper at any source water sampling point is greater than 0.005 mg/L
for lead or 0.65 mg/L for copper.
6.
Modification of Department
Treatment Decisions. Upon its own initiative or in response to a
request by a water system or other interested party, the Department may modify
its determination of the source water treatment under 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)2.,
or maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations for finished water
entering the distribution system under 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)4. A request for
modification by a system or other interested party shall be in writing, explain
why the modification is appropriate, and provide supporting documentation. The
Department may modify its determination where it concludes that such change is
necessary to ensure that the system continues to minimize lead and copper
concentrations in source water. A revised determination shall be made in
writing, set forth the new treatment requirements, explain the basis for the
Department's decision, and provide an implementation schedule for completing
the treatment modifications.
(5) Lead Service Line Replacement Requirements.
(a) Systems that
fail to meet the lead action level in tap samples taken pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)2., after installing corrosion control and/or source water
treatment (whichever sampling occurs later), shall replace lead service lines
in accordance with the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(5). Such systems shall
submit a lead service line replacement plan to the Department for approval
within 60 days of the end of the monitoring period unless otherwise approved by
the Department. If a system is in violation of 310 CMR 22.06B(2) or (4) for
failure to install source water or corrosion control treatment, the Department
may require the system to commence lead service line replacement under 310 CMR
22.06B(5) after the date by which the system was required to conduct monitoring
under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)2. has passed.
(b)
1. A
water system shall replace annually at least 7% of the initial number of lead
service lines in its distribution system. The initial number of lead service
lines is the number of lead lines in place at the time the replacement program
begins. The system shall identify the initial number of lead service lines in
its distribution system, including an identification of the portion(s) owned by
the system, based on a materials evaluation, including the evaluation required
under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a) and relevant legal authorities
(e.g. contracts, local ordinances) regarding the portion owned
by the system. The first year of lead service line replacement shall begin on
the first day following the end of the monitoring period in which the action
level was exceeded in tap sampling referenced in 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(a). If
monitoring is required annually or less frequently, the end of the monitoring
period is September 30th of the calendar year in
which the sampling occurs. If the Department has established an alternate
monitoring period, then the end of the monitoring period will be the last day
of that period.
2. Any water system
resuming a lead service line replacement program after the cessation of its
lead service line replacement program as allowed in 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(f) must
do the following:
a. Shall update its
inventory of lead service lines to include those sites that were previously
determined not to require replacement through the sampling provision under 310
CMR 22.06B(5)(c).
b. The system
will then divide the updated number of remaining lead service lines by the
number of remaining years in the program to determine the number of lines that
must be replaced per year (7% lead service line replacement is based on a
15-year replacement program, so, for example, systems resuming lead service
line replacement after previously conducting two years of replacement would
divide the updated inventory by 13).
c. For those systems that have completed a
15-year lead service line replacement program, the Department will determine a
schedule for replacing or retesting lines that were previously tested out under
the replacement program when the system re-exceeds the action level.
(c) A system is not
required to replace an individual lead service line if the lead concentration
in all service line samples from that line, taken pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(b)3. is less than or equal to 0.015 mg/L.
(d) A water system shall replace that portion
of the lead service line that it owns. In cases where the system does not own
the entire lead service line, the system shall notify the owner of the line, or
the owner's authorized agent, that the system will replace the portion of the
service line that it owns and shall offer to replace the owner's portion of the
line. A system is not required to bear the cost of replacing the
privately-owned portion of the line, nor is it required to replace the
privately-owned portion where the owner chooses not to pay the cost of
replacing the privately-owned portion of the line, or where replacing the
privately-owned portion would be precluded by State, local or common law. A
water system that does not replace the entire length of the service line also
shall complete the following tasks.
1. At
least 45 days prior to commencing with the partial replacement of a lead
service line, the water system shall provide notice to the resident(s) of all
buildings served by the line explaining that they may experience a temporary
increase of lead levels in their drinking water, along with guidance on
measures consumers can take to minimize their exposure to lead. The Department
may allow the water system to provide notice under the previous sentence less
than 45 days prior to commencing partial lead service line replacement where
such replacement is in conjunction with emergency repairs. In addition, the
water system shall inform the resident(s) served by the line that the system
will, at the system's expense, collect a sample from each partially-replaced
lead service line that is representative of the water in the service line for
analysis of lead content, as prescribed under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)3., within 72
hours after the completion of the partial replacement of the service line. The
system shall collect the sample and report the results of the analysis to the
owner and the resident(s) served by the line within three business days of
receiving the results. Mailed notices post-marked within three business days of
receiving the results shall be considered "on time".
2. The water system shall provide the
information required by 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(d)1. to the residents of individual
dwellings by mail or by methods approved by the Department. In instances where
multi-family dwellings are served by the line, the water system shall have the
option to post the information at a conspicuous location.
(e) The Department shall require a system to
replace lead service lines on a shorter schedule than that required by 310 CMR
22.06B(5), taking into account the number of lead service lines in the system,
where such a shorter replacement schedule is feasible. The Department shall
make this determination in writing and notify the system of its finding within
six months after the system is triggered into lead service line replacement
based on monitoring referenced in 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(a).
(f) Any system may cease replacing lead
service lines whenever first draw samples collected pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)3. meet the lead action level during each of two consecutive
monitoring periods and the system submits the results to the Department. If
first draw samples collected in any such water system thereafter exceeds the
lead action level, the system shall recommence replacing lead service lines,
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(b)2.
(g) To demonstrate compliance with 310 CMR
22.06B(5)(a) through (d), a system shall report to the Department the
information specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(e).
(6) Public Education and Supplemental Monitoring Requirements. All water systems must deliver a consumer notice of lead and copper tap water monitoring results to persons served by the water system at sites that are tested, as specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(c). A water system that exceeds the lead action level based on tap water samples collected in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7) shall deliver the public education materials contained in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) in accordance with the requirements in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b). Water systems that exceed the lead and/or copper action level must sample the tap water of any customer who requests it in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(c). The system is not required to pay for collecting or analyzing the sample, nor is the system required to collect and analyze the sample itself.
(a)
Content of Written Public
Education Materials.
1.
Community Water System and Non-transient Non-community Water
Systems. Water systems must include the following elements in
printed materials (e.g., brochures and pamphlets) in the same
order as listed in 310 CMR 22.06(B)(a)1.a. through f. In addition, language in
310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a)1.a. through b. and (a)1.f. must be included in the
materials, exactly as written, except for the text in brackets in 310 CMR
22.06B(6)(a)1.a., b. and f. for which the water system must include
system-specific information. Any additional information presented by a water
system must be consistent with the information in 310 CMR 22.06(B)(a)1.a.
through f. and be in plain language that can be understood by the general
public. Water systems must submit all written public education materials to the
Department prior to delivery. Unless otherwise approved, the Department shall
require the system to obtain approval of the content of written public
materials prior to delivery.
a. IMPORTANT
INFORMATION ABOUT LEAD IN YOUR DRINKING WATER. [INSERT NAME OF WATER SYSTEM]
found elevated levels of lead in drinking water in some homes/buildings. Lead
can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young
children. Please read this information closely to see what you can do to reduce
lead in your drinking water.
b.
Health Effects of Lead. Lead can cause serious health
problems if too much enters your body from drinking water or other sources. It
can cause damage to the brain and kidneys, and can interfere with the
production of red blood cells that carry oxygen to all parts of your body. The
greatest risk of lead exposure is to infants, young children, and pregnant
women. Scientists have linked the effects of lead on the brain with lowered IQ
in children. Adults with kidney problems and high blood pressure can be
affected by low levels of lead more than healthy adults. Lead is stored in the
bones, and it can be released later in life. During pregnancy, the child
receives lead from the mother's bones, which may affect brain
development.
c.
Sources
of Lead.
(i) Explain what lead
is.
(ii) Explain possible sources
of lead in drinking water and how lead enters drinking water. Include
information on home/building plumbing materials and service lines that may
contain lead.
(iii) Discuss other
important sources of lead exposure in addition to drinking water
(e.g., paint).
d. Discuss the steps the consumer can take to
reduce their exposure to lead in drinking water.
(i) Encourage running the water to flush out
the lead.
(ii) Explain concerns
with using hot water from the tap and specifically caution against the use of
hot water for preparing baby formula.
(iii) Explain that boiling water does not
reduce lead levels.
(iv) Discuss
other options consumers can take to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water,
such as alternative sources or treatment of water.
(v) Suggest that parents have their child's
blood tested for lead.
e. Explain why there are elevated levels of
lead in the system's drinking water (if known) and what the water system is
doing to reduce the lead levels in homes/building in this area.
f. For more information, call us at [INSERT
YOUR NUMBER] [(IF APPLICABLE), OR VISIT our Web site at [INSERT YOUR WEB SITE
HERE]. For more information on reducing lead exposure around your home/building
and the health effects of lead, visit EPA's Web site at http://www/epa.gov/lead
[File Link Not Available] or contact your health care provider.
2.
Community Water
Systems. In addition to including the elements specified in 310
CMR 22.06B (6)(a)1., community water systems must:
a. Tell consumers how to get their water
tested.
b. Discuss lead in plumbing
components and the difference between low lead and lead free.
(b)
Delivery of Public Education Materials
1. For public water systems serving a large
proportion of non-English speaking consumers, as determined by the Department,
the public education materials must contain information in the appropriate
language(s) regarding the importance of the notice or contain a telephone
number or address where persons served may contact the water system to obtain a
translated copy of the public education materials or to request assistance in
the appropriate language.
2. A
community water system that exceeds the lead action level on the basis of tap
water samples collected in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7), and that is not
already conducting public education tasks under 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b), must
conduct the public education tasks under 310 CMR 22.06B(6) within 60 days after
the end of the monitoring period in which the exceedance occurred:
a. Deliver printed materials meeting the
content requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) to all bill paying
customers.
b.
(i) Contact customers who are most at risk by
delivering education materials that meet the content requirements of 310 CMR
22.06B(6)(a) to local public health agencies even if they are not located
within the water system's service area, along with an informational notice that
encourages distribution to all the organization's potentially affected
customers or community water system's users. The water system must contact the
local public health agencies directly by phone or in person. The local public
health agencies may provide a specific list of additional community based
organizations serving target populations, which may include organizations
outside the service area of the water system. If such lists are provided,
systems must deliver education materials that meet the content requirements of
310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) to all organizations on the provided lists.
(ii) Contact customers who are most at risk
by delivering materials that meet the content requirements of 310 CMR
22.06B(6)(a) to the following organizations listed in A through F that are
located within the water system's service area, along with an informational
notice that encourages distribution to all the organization's potentially
affected customers or community water system's users:
A. Public and private schools or school
boards;
B. Women, Infants and
children (WIC) and Head Start programs;
C. Public and private hospitals and medical
clinics;
D.
Pediatricians;
E. Family Planning
clinics;
F. Local welfare agencies.
(iii) Make a good faith
effort to locate the following organizations within the service area and
deliver materials that meet the content requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) to
them, along with an informational notice that encourages distribution to all
potentially affected customers or users. The good faith effort to contact
at-risk customers may include requesting specific contact list of these
organizations from the local public health agencies, even if the agencies are
not located within the water system's service area.
A. Licensed childcare centers;
B. Public and private preschools;
C. Obstetricians-Gynecologists and
Midwives.
c.
No less often than quarterly, provide information on or in each water bill as
long as the system exceeds the action level for lead. The message on the water
bill must include the following statement exactly as written except for the
text in brackets for which the water system must include system-specific
information: [INSERT NAME OF WATER SYSTEM ] found high levels of lead in
drinking water in some homes.
Lead can cause serious health problems. For more information please call or visit [INSERT NAME OF YOUR WATER SYSTEM OR YOUR WEB SITE HERE]. The message or delivery mechanism can be modified in consultation with the Department; specifically, the Department may allow a separate mailing of public education materials to customers if the water system cannot place the information on water bills.
d. Post material meeting the content
requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) on the water system's Web site if the
system serves a population greater than 100,000.
e. Submit a press release to newspaper,
television and radio stations.
f.
In addition to the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.a. through e., systems
must implement at least three activities from one or more categories listed in
310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.f.(i) through (iv). The educational content and selection
of these activities must be determined in consultation with the Department.
(i) Public Service Announcements.
(ii) Paid advertisements.
(iii) Public Area Information
Display.
(iv) E-mails to
customers.
(v) Public
Meetings.
(vi) Household
Deliveries.
(vii) Targeted
Individual Customer Contact.
(viii)
Direct material distribution to all multi-family homes and institutions.
(ix) Other Methods approved by the
Department.
g. For
systems that are required to conduct monitoring annually or less frequently the
end of the monitoring period is September 30th of
the calendar year in which the sampling occurs, or if the Department has
established an alternate monitoring period, the last day of that
period.
3. As long as a
community water system exceeds the action level, it must repeat the activities
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2. as described in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)3.a.
through d.
a. A community water system shall
repeat tasks contained in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.a., b., and d. every 12
months.
b. A community water system
shall repeat tasks contained in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.c. with each billing
cycle.
c. A community water system
serving a population greater than 100,000 shall post and retain material on a
publicly accessible Web site pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(6)b)2.d.
d. The community water system shall repeat
the task in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.e. twice every 12 months on a schedule agreed
upon with the Department. The Department can allow activities in 310 CMR
22.06B(6)(b)2.e. twice every 12 months on a schedule agreed upon with the
Department. The Department can allow activities in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2. to
extend beyond the 60-day requirement if needed for implementation purposes on a
case-by-case basis; however, this extension must be approved in writing by the
Department in advance of the 60-day deadline.
4. Within 60 days after the end of the
monitoring period in which the exceedance occurred, a non-transient
non-community water system shall deliver the public education materials
specified by 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) (unless it already is repeating public
education tasks pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a)) as follows:
a. Post informational posters on lead in
drinking water in a public place or common area in each of the buildings served
by the systems; and
b. Distribute
informational pamphlets and/or brochures on lead in drinking water to each
person served by the non-transient non-community water system. The Department
may allow the system to utilize electronic transmission in lieu
of or combined with printed materials as long as it achieves at least
the same coverage.
c. For systems
that are required to conduct monitoring annually or less frequently, the end of
the monitoring period is September 30th of the
calendar year in which the sampling occurs, or if the Department has
established an alternate monitoring period, the last day of that
period.
5. A
non-transient non-community water system shall repeat the tasks contained in
310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)4. at least once during each calendar year in which the
system exceeds the lead action level. The Department can allow activities in
310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)4. to extend beyond the 60-day requirement if needed for
implementation purposes on a case-by-case basis; however, this extension must
be approved in writing by the Department in advance of the 60-day
deadline.
6. A water system may
discontinue delivery of public education materials if the system has met the
lead action level during the most recent six-month monitoring period conducted
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7). Such a system shall recommence public education
in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)6. if it subsequently exceeds the lead
action level during any monitoring period.
7. A community water system may apply to the
Department, in writing (unless the Department has waived the requirement for
prior Department approval), to use only the text specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(6)(a)1. in lieu of the text in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a)1.
and 2. and to perform the tasks listed in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)4. and 5. in
lieu of the tasks in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2. and 3. if:
a. The system is a facility, such as a prison
or a hospital, where the population served is not capable of or is prevented
from making improvements to plumbing or installing point of use treatment
devices, and
b. The system provides
water as part of the cost of services provided and does not separately charge
for water consumption.
8. A community water system serving 3,300 or
fewer people may limit certain aspects of their public education programs as
follows:
a. With respect to the requirements
of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.f., a system serving 3,300 or fewer must implement at
least one of the activities listed in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.f.
b. With respect to the requirements of 310
CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.b., a system serving 3,300 or fewer people may limit the
distribution of the public education materials required under 310 CMR
22.06B(6)(b)2.b. to facilities and organizations served by system that are most
likely to be visited regularly by pregnant women and children.
c. With respect to the requirements of 310
CMR 22.06B(6)(b)2.e., the Department may waive this requirement for systems
serving 3,300 or fewer persons as long as the system distributes notices to
every household served by the system.
(c)
Notification of
Results.
1.
Reporting Requirement. All water systems must provide
a notice of the individual tap results from lead and copper tap water
monitoring carried out under the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(7) to the
persons served by the water system at the specific sampling site from which the
sample was taken (e.g., the occupants of the residence where
the tap was tested).
2.
Timing of Notification. A water system must provide
the consumer notice as soon as practical, but no later than 30 days after the
system learns of the tap monitoring results.
3.
Content. The
consumer notice must include the results of lead tap water monitoring for the
tap that was tested, an explanation of the health effects of lead, list steps
consumers can take to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water and contact
information for the water utility. The notice must also provide the maximum
contaminant level goal and the action level for lead and the definitions for
these two terms from 310 CMR 22.02.
4.
Delivery. The
consumer notice must be provided to persons served at the tap that was tested,
either by mail or by another method approved by the Department. For example,
upon approval by the Department, a non-transient non-community water system
could post the results on a bulletin board in the facility to allow users to
review the information. The system must provide the notice to customers at
sample taps tested, including consumers who do not receive water
bills.
(7) Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper in Tap Water.
(a)
Sample
Site Location.
1. By the
applicable date for commencement of monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1.,
each water system shall complete a materials evaluation of its distribution
system in order to identify a pool of targeted sampling sites that meets the
requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(7), and which is sufficiently large to ensure
that the water system can collect the number of lead and copper tap samples
required in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c). All sites from which first draw samples are
collected shall be selected from this pool of targeted sampling sites. Sampling
sites may not include faucets that have point-of-use or point-of-entry
treatment devices designed to remove inorganic contaminants. Once the sampling
sites are selected they must be submitted to the Department on the required
form for approval. All samples must be collected in accordance with the
system's Department-approved sampling plan.
2. A water system shall use the information
on lead, copper, and galvanized steel that it is required to collect under 310
CMR 22.19(4) and (5) when conducting a materials evaluation. When an evaluation
of the information collected pursuant to 310 CMR 22.19(4) and (5) is
insufficient to locate the requisite number of lead and copper sampling sites
that meet the targeting criteria in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a), the water system
shall review the sources of information listed below in order to identify a
sufficient number of sampling sites. In addition, the system shall seek to
collect such information where possible in the course of its normal operations
(e.g., checking service line materials when reading water
meters or performing maintenance activities):
a. all plumbing codes, permits, and records
in the files of the building department(s) which indicate the plumbing
materials that are installed within publicly and privately owned structures
connected to the distribution system;
b. all inspections and records of the
distribution system that indicate the material composition of the service
connections that connect a structure to the distribution system; and
c. all existing water quality information,
which includes the results of all prior analyses of the system or individual
structures connected to the system, indicating locations that may be
particularly susceptible to high lead or copper concentrations.
3. The sampling sites selected for
a community water system's sampling pool ("tier 1 sampling sites") shall
consist of single family structures that:
a.
contain copper pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead
pipes; and/or
b. are served by a
lead service line. When multiple-family residences comprise at least 20% of the
structures served by a water system, the system may include these types of
structures in its sampling pool.
4. Any community water system with
insufficient tier 1 sampling sites shall complete its sampling pool with "tier
2 sampling sites", consisting of buildings, including multiple-family
residences that:
a. contain copper pipes with
lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; and/or
b. are served by a lead service
line.
5. Any community
water system with insufficient tier 1 and tier 2 sampling sites shall complete
its sampling pool with "tier 3 sampling sites", consisting of single family
structures that contain copper pipes with lead solder installed before 1983. A
community water system with insufficient tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3 sampling
sites shall complete its sampling pool with representative sites throughout the
distribution system. For the purpose of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a)5., a
representative site is a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site
would be commonly found at other sites served by the water system.
6. The sampling sites selected for a
non-transient non-community water system ("tier 1 sampling sites") shall
consist of buildings that:
a. contain copper
pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes;
and/or
b. are served by a lead
service line.
7. A
non-transient non-community water system with insufficient tier 1 sites that
meet the targeting criteria in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a)6. shall complete its
sampling pool with sampling sites that contain copper pipes with lead solder
installed before 1983. If additional sites are needed to complete the sampling
pool, the non-transient non-community water system shall use representative
sites throughout the distribution system. For the purpose of 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(a)7., a representative site is a site in which the plumbing materials
used at that site would be commonly found at other sites served by the water
system.
8. Any water system whose
distribution system contains lead service lines shall draw 50% of the samples
it collects during each monitoring period from sites that contain lead pipes,
or copper pipes with lead solder, and 50% of the samples from sites served by a
lead service line. A water system that cannot identify a sufficient number of
sampling sites served by a lead service line shall collect first-draw samples
from all of the sites identified as being served by such lines.
9. In addition to the samples required by 310
CMR 22.06B(7) the Department requires community water supplies to collect lead
and copper samples from at least two schools. Each school will have two
sampling sites from which a 250 ml sample will be taken, one from a kitchen tap
and one from a drinking water source such as a water fountain.
(b)
Sample Collection
Methods.
1. All tap samples for
lead and copper collected in accordance with this subpart, with the exception
of lead service line samples collected under 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(c) to determine
whether or not a lead service line should be replaced and samples collected
under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)3., shall be first-draw samples. All samples must be
collected in accordance with the system's Department-approved sampling
plan.
2. Each first-draw tap sample
for lead and copper shall be one liter and have stood motionless in the
plumbing system of each sampling site for at least six hours. First-draw
samples from residential housing shall be collected from the cold-water kitchen
tap or bathroom sink tap. First-draw samples from a non-residential building
shall be one liter in volume and shall be collected at an interior tap from
which water is typically drawn for consumption. Non-first-draw samples
collected in lieu of first-draw samples pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(b)5. shall be one liter in volume an shall be collected at an
interior tap from which water is typically drawn for consumption. First-draw
samples may be collected by the system or the system may allow residents to
collect first-draw samples after instructing the residents of the sampling
procedures specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)2. To avoid potential problems of
residents handling nitric acid, acidification of first draw samples may be done
up to 14 days after the sample has been collected. After acidification to
resolubilize the metals, the sample must stand in the original container for
the time specified in the approved EPA method before the sample can be
analyzed. If a system allows residents to perform sampling, the system may not
challenge, based on alleged errors in sample collection, the accuracy of
sampling results.
3. Each lead
service line sample shall be one liter in volume and have stood motionless in
the lead service line for at least six hours, but not more than 12 hours. Lead
service line samples, for the purpose of determining whether or not a line
should be replaced, shall be collected in one of the following three ways:
a. at the tap after flushing the volume of
water between the tap and the lead service line. The volume of water shall be
calculated based on the interior diameter and length of the pipe between the
tap and the lead service line;
b.
tapping directly into the lead service line; or
c. if the sampling site is a building
constructed as a single-family residence, allowing the water to run until there
is a significant change in temperature which would be indicative of water that
has been standing in the lead service line.
4. A water system shall collect each first
draw tap sample from the same sampling site from which it collected a previous
sample. If, for any reason, the water system cannot gain entry to a sampling
site in order to collect a follow-up tap sample, the system may collect the
follow-up tap sample from another sampling site in its sampling pool as long as
the new site meets the same targeting criteria, and is within reasonable
proximity of the original site.
5.
A non-transient non-community water system, or a community water system that
meets the criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) and (b), that does not have enough
taps that can supply first-draw samples, as defined in 310 CMR 22.06B, may
apply to the Department in writing to substitute non-first-draw samples. Such
systems shall collect as many first-draw samples from appropriate taps as
possible and identify sampling times and locations that would likely result in
the longest standing time for the remaining sites. The Department has the
discretion to waive the requirement for prior Department approval of
non-first-draw sample sites selected by the system, either through State
regulation or written notification to the system.
(c)
Number of
Samples. Water systems shall collect at least one sample during
each monitoring period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d) from the number of
sites listed in the second column (Standard Monitoring) of the table in 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(c). A system conducting reduced monitoring under 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)4. shall collect at least one sample from the number of sites
specified in the third column (Reduced Monitoring) of the table in 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(c). A public water system that has fewer than five drinking water
taps, that can be used for human consumption meeting the sample site criteria
of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a) to reach the required number of sample sites listed in
310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c), must collect at least one sample from each tap and then
must collect additional samples from those taps on different days during the
monitoring period to meet the required number of sites. Alternatively, the
Department may allow these public water systems to collect a number of samples
less than the number of sites specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c), provided that
100% of all taps that can be used for human consumption are sampled. The
Department must approve this reduction of the minimum number of samples in
writing based on a request from the system or onsite verification by the
Department.
|
System Size (No. People Served) |
Number of sites (Standard Monitoring) |
Number of sites (Reduced Monitoring) |
|
>100,000 |
100 |
50 |
|
10,001-100,000 |
60 |
30 |
|
3,301 to 10,000 |
40 |
20 |
|
501 to 3,300 |
20 |
10 |
|
101 to 500 |
10 |
5 |
|
<=100 |
5 |
5 |
(d)
Timing of Monitoring
1.
Initial Tap
Sampling. The first six-month monitoring period for small,
medium-size and large systems shall begin on the following dates:
|
System Size (No. People Served) |
First Six-month Monitoring Period Begins On |
|
>50,000 |
January 1, 1992 |
|
3,301 to 50,000 |
July 1, 1992 |
|
<=3,300 |
July 1, 1993 |
a. All large
systems shall monitor during two consecutive six-month periods.
b. All small and medium-size systems shall
monitor during each six-month monitoring period until:
(i) the system exceeds the lead or copper
action level and is therefore required to implement the corrosion control
treatment requirements under 310 CMR 22.06B(2), in which case the system shall
continue monitoring in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)2., or
(ii) the system meets the lead and copper
action levels during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods, in which
case the system may reduce monitoring in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.
2.
Monitoring after Installation of Corrosion Control and Source Water
Treatment.
a. Any large system
which installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(2)(d)4. shall monitor during two consecutive six-month monitoring
periods by the date specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(d)5.
b. Any small or medium-size system which
installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(e)5.
shall monitor during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the date
specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(e)6.
c. Any system which installs source water
treatment pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(a)3. shall monitor during two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the date specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(4)(a)4.
3.
Monitoring after Department Specifies Water Quality Parameter
Values for Optimal Corrosion Control. After the Department
specifies the values for water quality control parameters under 310 CMR
22.06(3)(f), a large water system shall monitor during each subsequent
six-month monitoring period, with the first monitoring period to begin on the
date the Department specifies the optimal values under 310 CMR
22.06B(3)(f).
4.
Reduced Monitoring.
a. A small or medium-size water system that
meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods may reduce the number of samples in accordance
with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c), and reduce the frequency of lead and copper tap
sampling to once per year. A small or medium water system collecting fewer than
five samples as specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c), that meets the lead and
copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring
periods may reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year or other period
as specified by the Department. In no case can the system reduce the number of
samples required below the minimum of one sample per available tap. This
reduced sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the
end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period. In order to reduce
its monitoring frequency or sites, the public water system must obtain prior
written approval from the Department.
b. Any large water system that meets the lead
and copper action levels and maintains the range of values for the water
quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment
specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f) during each of two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of monitoring
for lead and copper to once per year and to reduce the number of lead and
copper samples in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c) if it receives written
approval from the Department. This sampling shall begin during the calendar
year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month
monitoring period. The Department shall review monitoring, treatment, and other
relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06(B)(11), and shall notify the system in writing when it determines the
system is eligible to commence reduced monitoring pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)4. The Department shall review, and where appropriate, revise its
determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when
other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes
available.
c. A small or
medium-size water system that meets the lead and copper action levels during
three consecutive years of monitoring may request in writing the Department's
approval to reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from
annually to once every three years. Any large water system that meets the lead
and copper action levels and maintains the range of values for the water
quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment
specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f) during three consecutive
years of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper
from annually to once every three years if it receives written approval from
the Department. Samples collected once every three years shall be collected no
later than every third calendar year. The Department shall review monitoring,
treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water system in
accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(11) and shall notify the system in writing when
it determined the system is eligible to reduce the frequency of monitoring to
once every three years. The Department shall review, and where appropriate,
revise its determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment
data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling
becomes available.
d. A water
system that reduces the number and frequency of lead and copper tap sampling
shall collect these samples from representative sites included in the pool of
targeted sampling sites identified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a). Systems sampling
annually or less frequently shall conduct the lead and copper tap sampling
during the months of June, July, August or September unless the Department has
approved a different sampling period in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)4.d.(i).
(i) The Department, at
its discretion, may approve a different period for conducting the lead and
copper tap sampling for systems collecting a reduced number of samples. Such a
period shall be no longer than four consecutive months and shall represent a
time of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to
occur. For a non-transient non-community water system that does not operate
during the months of June through September, and for which the period of normal
operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur is not
known, the Department shall designate a period that represents a time of normal
operation for the system. This sampling shall begin during the period approved
or designated by the Department in the calendar year immediately following the
end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period for systems
initiating annual monitoring and during the three-year period following the end
of the third consecutive calendar year of annual monitoring for systems
initiating triennial monitoring.
(ii) Systems monitoring annually, that have
been collecting samples during the months of June through September and that
receive Department approval to alter their sample collection period under 310
CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.d.(i), shall collect their next round of samples during a
time period that ends no later than 21 months after the previous round of
sampling. Systems monitoring triennially that have been collecting samples
during the months of June through September, and receive Department approval to
alter the sampling collection period as per 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.d.(i), shall
collect their next round of samples during a time period that ends no later
than 45 months after the previous round of sampling. Subsequent rounds of
sampling shall be collected annually or triennially, as required by 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)4.d. Small systems with waivers, granted pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(g), that have been collecting samples during the months of June
through September and choose to alter their sample collection period under 310
CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.d.(i) shall collect their next round of samples before the
end of the nine-year period.
e. Any water system that demonstrates for two
consecutive six-month monitoring periods that the tap water lead level computed
under 310 CMR 22.06B(1)(c)3. is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the tap
water copper level computed under 310 CMR 22.06B(1)(c)3. is less than or equal
to 0.65 mg/L may reduce the number of samples in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(c) and reduce the frequency of sampling to once every three calendar
years. This reduction in frequency of sampling requires written approval by the
Department.
f. A small or
medium-size water system subject to reduced monitoring that exceeds the lead or
copper action level shall resume sampling in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(c) and collect the number of samples specified for standard
monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c). Such system shall also conduct water
quality parameter monitoring in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(b), (c) or
(d) (as appropriate) during the monitoring period in which it exceeded the
action level. Any such small or medium system may resume annual monitoring for
lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(c) after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six-month rounds
of monitoring that meet the criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.a. and/or may
resume triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the reduced number of sites
after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the
criteria of either 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.c. or e.
g. Any large water system subject to the
reduced monitoring frequency that fails to meet the lead action level during
any four-month monitoring period or that fails to operate at or above the
minimum value or within the range of values for the water quality parameters
specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f) for more than nine days
in any six-month period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(d) shall conduct tap
water sampling for lead and copper at the frequency specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)3., collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring
under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c), and shall resume monitoring for water quality
parameters within the distribution system in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(d). This standard tap water sampling shall begin no later than the
six-month period beginning January 1st of the
calendar year following the lead action level exceedance or water quality
parameter excursion. Such a system may resume reduced monitoring for lead and
copper at the tap and for water quality parameters within the distribution
system under the following conditions:
(i)
The system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the
reduced number of sites specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c) after it has
completed two subsequent six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria
of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.b. and the system has received written approval from
the Department that it is appropriate to resume reduced monitoring on an annual
frequency. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately
following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring
period.
(ii) The system may resume
triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of
sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it
meets the criteria of either 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.c. or e. and the system has
received written approval from the Department that it is appropriate to resume
triennial monitoring.
(iii) The
system may reduce the number of water quality parameter tap water samples
required in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)1. and the frequency with which
it collects such samples in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B (8)(e)2. Such a
system may not resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the
tap until it demonstrates, in accordance with the requirements of 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(e)2., that it has re-qualified for triennial monitoring.
h. Any water system subject to a
reduced monitoring frequency under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4. shall notify the
Department in writing in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(a)3. of any
upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source as described
in 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(a)3. The Department must review and approve the addition
of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented
by the water system. The Department may require the system to resume sampling
in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)3. and collect the number of samples
specified for standard monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c) or take other
appropriate steps such as increased water quality parameter monitoring or
re-evaluation of its corrosion control treatment given the potentially
different water quality considerations.
(e)
Additional Monitoring by
Systems. The results of any monitoring conducted in addition to
the minimum requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B shall be considered by the system
and the Department in making any determinations (i.e.,
calculating the 90th percentile lead or copper
level) under 310 CMR 22.06B(7).
(f)
Invalidation of Lead or Copper Tap Water Samples. A
sample invalidated under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(f) does not count toward determining
lead or copper 90th percentile levels under 310 CMR
22.06B(1)(c)3. or toward meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(c).
1. The Department may
invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample at least if one of the following
conditions is met.
a. The laboratory
establishes that improper sample analysis caused erroneous results.
b. The Department determines that the sample
was taken from a site that did not meet the site selection criteria of 310 CMR
22.06B(7).
c. The sample container
was damaged in transit.
d. There is
substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject to
tampering.
2. The system
shall report the results of all samples to the Department and all supporting
documentation for samples the system believes should be invalidated.
3. To invalidate a sample under 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(f)1., the decision and the rationale for the decision shall be
documented in writing. The Department may not invalidate a sample solely on the
grounds that a follow-up sample result is higher or lower than that of the
original sample.
4. The water
system shall collect replacement samples for any samples invalidated under 310
CMR 22.06B(7) if, after the invalidation of one or more samples, the system has
too few samples to meet the minimum requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c). Any
such replacement samples shall be taken as soon as possible, but no later than
20 days after the date the Department invalidates the sample or by the end of
the applicable monitoring period, whichever occurs later. Replacement samples
taken after the end of the applicable monitoring period shall not also be used
to meet the monitoring requirements of a subsequent monitoring period. The
replacement samples shall be taken at the same locations as the invalidated
samples or, if that is not possible, at locations other than those already used
for sampling during the monitoring period.
(g)
Monitoring Waivers for Small
Systems. Any small system that meets the criteria of 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(g) may apply to the Department to reduce the frequency of monitoring
for lead and copper under 310 CMR 22.06B(7) to once every nine years
(i.e., a full waiver) if it meets all of the materials
criteria specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1. and all of the monitoring criteria
specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2. If Department regulations permit, any small
system that meets the criteria in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1. and 2. only for lead,
or only for copper, may apply to the Department for a waiver to reduce the
frequency of tap water monitoring to once every nine years for that contaminant
only (i.e., a partial waiver).
1.
Materials
Criteria. The system shall demonstrate that its distribution
system and service lines and all drinking water supply plumbing, including
plumbing conveying drinking water within all residences and buildings connected
to the system, are free of lead-containing materials and/or copper-containing
materials, as those terms are defined in 310 CMR 22.06(7)(g)1., as follows:
a.
Lead. To qualify
for a full waiver, or a waiver of the tap water monitoring requirements for
lead (i.e., a lead waiver), the water system shall provide
certification and supporting documentation to the Department that the system is
free of all lead-containing materials, as follows:
(i) It contains no plastic pipes which
contain lead plasticizers, or plastic service lines which contain lead
plasticizers; and
(ii) It is free
of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered pipe joints, and leaded brass
or bronze alloy fittings and fixtures, unless such fittings and fixtures meet
the specifications of any standard established pursuant to
42
U.S.C. 300g - 6(e) (SDWA, §
1417(e)).
b.
Copper. To qualify for a full waiver, or a waiver of
the tap water monitoring requirements for copper (i.e., a
copper waiver), the water system shall provide certification and supporting
documentation to the Department that the system contains no copper pipes or
copper service lines.
2.
Monitoring Criteria for Waiver Issuance. The system
shall have completed at least one six-month round of standard tap water
monitoring for lead and copper at sites approved by the Department and from the
number of sites required by 310 CMR 22.07B(7)(c) and demonstrate that the
90th percentile levels for any and all rounds of
monitoring conducted since the system became free of all lead-containing and/or
copper-containing materials, as appropriate, meet the following criteria.
a.
Lead Levels. To
qualify for a full waiver, or a lead waiver, the system shall demonstrate that
the 90th percentile lead level does not exceed 0.005
mg/L.
b.
Copper
Levels. To qualify for a full waiver, or a copper waiver, the
system shall demonstrate that the 90th percentile
copper level does not exceed 0.65 mg/L.
3.
Department Approval of Waiver
Application. The Department shall notify the system of its waiver
determination, in writing, setting forth the basis of its decision and any
condition of the waiver. As a condition of the waiver, the Department may
require the system to perform specific activities (e.g.,
limited monitoring, periodic outreach to customers to remind them to avoid
installation of materials that might void the waiver) to avoid the risk of lead
or copper concentration of concern in tap water. The small system shall
continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap as required by 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)1. through 4., as appropriate, until it receives written
notification from the Department that the waiver has been approved.
4.
Monitoring Frequency for
Systems with Waivers.
a. A
system with a full waiver shall conduct tap water monitoring for lead and
copper in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.d. at the reduced number of
sampling sites identified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c) at least once every nine
years and provide the materials certification specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(g)1. for both lead and copper to the Department along with the
monitoring results. Samples collected every nine years shall be collected no
later than every ninth calendar year.
b. A system with a partial waiver shall
conduct tap water monitoring for the waived contaminant in accordance with 310
CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4.d. at the reduced number of sampling sites specified in 310
CMR 22.06B(7)(c) at least once every nine years and provide the materials
certification specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1. pertaining to the waived
contaminant along with the monitoring results. Such a system also shall
continue to monitor for the non-waived contaminant in accordance with
requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1. through 4., as appropriate.
c. Any water system with a full or partial
waiver shall notify the Department in writing in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(11)(a)3. of any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a
new source, as described in 310 CMR 22.06B(11). The Department must review and
approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment
before it is implemented by the water system. The Department has the authority
to require the system to add or modify waiver conditions
(e.g., require recertification that the system is free of
lead-containing and/or copper-containing materials, require additional round(s)
of monitoring), if it deems such modifications are necessary to address
treatment or source water changes at the system.
d. If a system with a full or partial waiver
becomes aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing
materials, as appropriate, (e.g., as a result of new
construction or repairs), the system shall notify the Department in writing no
later than 60 days after becoming aware of such a change.
5.
Continued
Eligibility. If the system continues to satisfy the requirements
of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)4., the waiver will be renewed automatically, unless any
of the conditions listed in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)5.a. through c. occurs. A
system whose waiver has been revoked may re-apply for a waiver at such time as
it again meets the appropriate materials and monitoring criteria of 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(g)1. and 2.
a. A system with a full
waiver or a lead waiver no longer satisfies the materials criteria of 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(g)1.a. or has a 90th percentile lead level
greater than 0.005 mg/L.
b. A
system with a full waiver or a copper waiver no longer satisfies the materials
criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1.b. or has a 90th
percentile copper level greater than 0.65 mg/L.
c. The Department notifies the system, in
writing, that the waiver has been revoked, setting forth the basis of its
decision.
6.
Requirements Following Waiver Revocation. A system
whose full or partial waiver has been revoked by the Department is subject to
the corrosion control treatment and lead and copper tap water monitoring
requirements, as follows:
a. If the system
exceeds the lead and/or copper action level, the system shall implement
corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines specified in 310
CMR 22.06B(2)(e), and any other applicable requirements of 310 CMR
22.06B.
b. If the system meets both
the lead and the copper action level, the system shall monitor for lead and
copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three years using the
reduced number of sample sites specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(c).
7.
Pre-existing
Waivers. Small system waivers approved by the Department in
writing prior to April 11, 2000 shall remain in effect under the following
conditions:
a. If the system has demonstrated
that it is both free of lead-containing and copper-containing materials, as
required by 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1. and that its 90th
percentile lead levels and 90th
percentile copper levels meet the criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2., the
waiver remains in effect so long as the system continues to meet the waiver
eligibility criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)5. The first round of tap water
monitoring conducted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)4. shall be completed no
later than nine years after the last time the system has monitored for lead and
copper at the tap.
b. If the system
has met the materials criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1. but has not met the
monitoring criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2., the system shall conduct a round
of monitoring for lead and copper at the tap demonstrating that it meets the
criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2. no later than September 30, 2000.
Thereafter, the waiver shall remain in effect as long as the system meets the
continued eligibility criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)5. The first round of tap
water monitoring conducted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)4. shall be
completed no later than nine years after the round of monitoring conducted
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2.
(8) Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters. All large water systems and all small and medium-size systems that exceed the lead or copper action level shall monitor water quality parameters in addition to lead and copper in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(8). The requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(8) are summarized in the table at the end of 310 CMR 22.06B.
(a)
General Requirements.
1.
Sample Collection
Methods.
a. Tap samples shall be
representative of water quality throughout the distribution system taking into
account the number of persons served, the different sources of water, the
different treatment methods employed by the system, and seasonal variability.
Tap sampling under 310 CMR 22.06B(8) is not required to be conducted at taps
targeted for lead and copper sampling under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a). (Note:
Systems may find it convenient to conduct tap sampling for water quality
parameters at sites used for coliform sampling under 310 CMR 22.05.)
b. Samples collected at the entry point(s) to
the distribution system shall be from locations representative of each source
after treatment. If a system draws water from more than one source and the
sources are combined before distribution, the system shall sample at an entry
point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions
(i.e., when water is representative of all sources being
used).
2.
Number of Samples.
a. Systems shall collect two tap samples for
applicable water quality parameters during each monitoring period specified
under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(b) through (e) from the following number of sites.
|
System Size (No. of People Served) |
No. of Sites for Water Quality Parameters |
|
>100,000 |
25 |
|
10,001-100,000 |
10 |
|
3,301 to 10,000 |
3 |
|
501 to 3,300 |
2 |
|
101 to 500 |
1 |
|
<100 |
1 |
b.
Except as provided in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)3. systems shall collect two samples
for each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the
distribution system during each monitoring period specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(b). During each monitoring period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)
through (e), systems shall collect one sample for each applicable water quality
parameter at each entry point to the distribution system.
(b)
Initial
Sampling. All large water systems shall measure the applicable
water quality parameters as specified below at taps and at each entry point to
the distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified in
310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1. All small and medium-size systems shall measure the
applicable water quality parameters at the locations specified below during
each six-month monitoring period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1. during
which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.
1. At taps:
a. pH;
b. alkalinity;
c. orthophosphate, when an inhibitor
containing a phosphate compound is used;
d. silica, when an inhibitor containing a
silicate compound is used;
e.
calcium;
f. conductivity;
and
g. water temperature.
2. At each entry point to the
distribution system: all of the applicable parameters listed in 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(b)1.
(c)
Monitoring after Installation of Corrosion Control.
Any large system which installs optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to
310 CMR 22.06B(2)(d)4. shall measure the water quality parameters at the
locations and frequencies specified below during each six-month monitoring
period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)2.a. Any small or medium-size system
which installs optimal corrosion control treatment shall conduct such
monitoring during each six-month monitoring period specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(d)2.b. in which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.
1. At taps, two samples for:
a. pH;
b. alkalinity;
c. orthophosphate, when an inhibitor
containing a phosphate compound is used;
d. silica, when an inhibitor containing a
silicate compound is used;
e.
calcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion
control.
2. Except as
provided in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)3., at each entry point to the distribution
system, one sample every two weeks (bi-weekly) for:
a. pH;
b. when alkalinity is adjusted as part of
optimal corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the chemical used to
adjust alkalinity, and the alkalinity concentration; and
c. when a corrosion inhibitor is used as part
of optimal corrosion control, a reading of the dosage rate of the inhibitor
used, and the concentration of orthophosphate or silica (whichever is
applicable).
3. Any
ground water system can limit entry point sampling described in 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(c)2. to those entry points that are representative of water quality
and treatment conditions throughout the system. If water from untreated ground
water sources mixes with water from treated ground water sources, the system
shall monitor for water quality parameters both at representative entry points
receiving treatment and representative entry points receiving no treatment.
Prior to the start of any monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)3., the system
shall provide to the Department written information identifying the selected
entry points and documentation, including information on seasonal variability,
sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality
and treatment conditions throughout the system.
(d)
Monitoring after Department
Specifies Water Quality Parameter Values for Optimal Corrosion
Control. After the Department specifies the values for applicable
water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment
under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f) all large systems shall measure the applicable water
quality parameters in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c) and determine
compliance with the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g) every six months with
the first six-month period to begin on either January
1st or July 1st,
whichever comes first, after the Department specifies the optimal values under
310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f). Any small or medium-size system shall conduct such
monitoring during each six-month period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)3. in
which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level. For any such small
and medium-size system that is subject to a reduced monitoring frequency
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4. at the time of the action level exceedance,
the start of the applicable six-month monitoring period under 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(d) shall coincide with the end of the applicable monitoring period
under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4. Compliance with Department-designated optimal
water quality parameter values shall be determined as specified under 310 CMR
22.06B(3)(g).
(e)
Reduced Monitoring.
1. Any water system that maintains the range
of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods under 310
CMR 22.06B(8)(d) shall continue monitoring at the entry point(s) to the
distribution system as specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)2. Such system may
collect two tap samples for applicable water quality parameters from the
following reduced number of sites during each six-month monitoring period.
|
System Size (No. of People Served) |
Reduced No. of Sites for Water Quality Parameters |
|
>100,000 |
10 |
|
10,001 to 100,000 |
7 |
|
3,301 to 10,000 |
3 |
|
501 to 3,300 |
2 |
|
101 to 500 |
1 |
|
<=100 |
1 |
2.
a. Any water system that maintains the range
of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f) during three
consecutive years of monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)2.a. may reduce the
frequency with which it collects the number of tap samples for applicable water
quality parameters specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)1., from every six months
to annually. This sampling begins during the calendar year immediately
following the end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year
of six-month monitoring occurs. Any water system that maintains the range of
values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control
treatment specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f), during three
consecutive years of annual monitoring under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)2.a. may
reduce the frequency with which it collects the number of tap samples for
applicable water quality parameters specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)1. from
annually to every three years. This sampling begins no later than the third
calendar year following the end of the monitoring period in which the third
consecutive year of monitoring occurs.
b. A water system may reduce the frequency
with which it collects tap samples for applicable water quality parameters
specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)1. to every three years if it demonstrates
during two consecutive monitoring periods that its tap water lead level at the
90th percentile is less than or equal to the PQL for
lead specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(10)(a)1.b., that its tap water copper level at
the 90th percentile is less than or equal to 0.65
mg/L for copper in 310 CMR 22.06B(1)(c)2., and that it also has maintained the
range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion
control treatment specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f).
Monitoring conducted every three years shall be done no later than every third
calendar year.
3. A water
system that conducts sampling annually shall collect these samples evenly
throughout the year so as to reflect seasonal variability.
4. Any water system subject to the reduced
monitoring frequency that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or
within the range of values for the water quality parameters specified by the
Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(f) for more than nine days in any six-month
period specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(g) shall resume distribution system tap
water sampling in accordance with the number and frequency requirements in 310
CMR 22.06B(8)(c). Such a system may resume annual monitoring for water quality
parameters at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(e)1. after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six-month
rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)1. and/or
may resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap at the
reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of
monitoring that it meets the criteria of either 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(e)2.a. or
b.
(f)
Additional Monitoring by Systems. The results of any
monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of 310 CMR
22.06B(8) shall be considered by the system and the Department in making any
determinations (i.e., determining concentrations of water
quality parameters) under 310 CMR 22.06B(3) or (8).
(g) For the purposes of determining
compliance with 310 CMR 22.06B, samples may be considered only if they have
been analyzed by a certified laboratory, except that measurements for
alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, orthophosphate, pH, and silica may be
performed by a Massachusetts certified operator.
(9) Monitoring Requirements for Lead and Copper in Source Water.
(a)
Sample Location, Collection
Methods, and Number of Samples.
1. A water system that fails to meet the lead
or copper action level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with
310 CMR 22.06B(7) shall collect lead and copper source water samples in
accordance with the following requirements regarding sample location, number of
samples, and collection methods:
a.
Groundwater systems shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to
the distribution system which is representative of each well after treatment
(sampling point). The system shall take one sample at the same sampling point
unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each
source or treatment plant.
b.
Surface water systems shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point
to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in the
distribution system at a point which is representative of each source after
treatment (sampling point). The system shall take each sample at the same
sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more
representative of each source or treatment plant.
NOTE: For the purposes of 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(a)1.b., surface water systems include systems with a combination of surface and ground sources.
c. If a system
draws water from more than one source and the sources are combined before
distribution, the system shall sample at an entry point to the distribution
system during periods of normal operating conditions (i.e.,
when water is representative of all sources being used).
d. The Department may reduce the total number
of samples which shall be analyzed by allowing the use of compositing.
Compositing of samples shall be done by certified laboratory personnel.
Composite samples from a maximum of five samples are allowed, provided that if
the lead concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to
0.001 mg/L or the copper concentration is greater than or equal to 0.160 mg/L,
then either:
(i) A follow-up sample shall be
taken and analyzed within 14 days at each sampling point included in the
composite; or
(ii) If duplicates of
or sufficient quantities from the original samples from each sampling point
used in the composite are available, the system may use these instead of
resampling.
2. Where the results of sampling indicate an
exceedance of 5ppb, the maximum permissible source water levels established
under 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)4., the Department may require that one additional
sample be collected as soon as possible after the initial sample was taken (but
not to exceed two weeks) at the same sampling point. If a Department-required
confirmation sample is taken for lead or copper, then the results of the
initial and confirmation sample shall be averaged in determining compliance
with the Department-specified maximum permissible levels. Any sample value
below the detection limit shall be considered to be zero. Any value above the
detection limit but below the PQL shall either be considered as the measured
value or be considered one-half the PQL.
(b)
Monitoring Frequency after
System Exceeds Tap Water Action Level. Any system which exceeds
the lead or copper action level at the tap shall collect one source water
sample from each entry point to the distribution system no later than six
months after the end of the monitoring period during which the lead or copper
action level was exceeded. For monitoring periods that are annual or less
frequent, the end of the monitoring period is September
30th of the calendar year in which the sampling
occurs, or if the Department has established an alternate monitoring period,
the last day of that period.
(c)
Monitoring Frequency after Installation of Source Water
Treatment. Any system which installs source water treatment
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(a)3. shall collect an additional source water
sample from each entry point to the distribution system during two consecutive
six-month monitoring periods by the deadline specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(4)(a)4.
(d)
Monitoring Frequency after the Department Determines that Source
Water Treatment is not Needed.
1. A system shall monitor at the frequency
specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(d)1. and 2. in cases where the Department
determines that the system is not required to install source water treatment
under 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)2.
a. A water
system using only groundwater shall collect samples once during the three-year
compliance period (as that term is defined in 310 CMR 22.02) in effect when the
applicable Department determination under 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(d)1. is made. Such
systems shall collect samples once during each subsequent compliance period.
Triennial samples shall be collected every third calendar year.
b. A water system using surface water (or a
combination of surface and groundwater) shall collect samples once during each
year, the first annual monitoring period to begin on the date on which the
applicable Department determination is made under 310 CMR
22.06B(9)(d)1.
2. A
system is not required to conduct source water sampling for lead and/or copper
if the system meets the action level for the specific contaminant in tap water
samples during the entire source water sampling period applicable to the system
under 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(d)1.a. or b. A water system using surface water (or a
combination of surface and ground water) shall collect samples once during each
calendar year the first annual monitoring period to begin during the year in
which the applicable Department determination is made under 310 CMR
22.06B(9)(d)1.
(e)
Reduced Monitoring Frequency.
1. A water system using only ground water may
reduce the monitoring frequency for lead and/or copper in source water to once
during each nine-year compliance cycle (as that term is defined in 310 CMR
22.02) provided that the samples are collected no later than every ninth
calendar year and if the system meets one of the following criteria:
a. The system demonstrates that finished
drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the
maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the Department
in 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)4. during at least three consecutive compliance periods
under 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(d)1.; or
b.
The Department has determined that source water treatment is not needed and the
system demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive compliance periods
in which sampling was conducted under 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(d)1., the concentration
of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the
concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65
mg/L.
2. A water system
using surface water (or a combination of surface and ground waters) may reduce
the monitoring frequency in 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(d)1. to once during each
nine-year compliance cycle (as defined in 310 CMR 22.02 provided that the
samples are collected no later than every ninth calendar year and if the system
meets one of the following criteria:
a. The
system demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution
system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper
concentrations specified by the Department in 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)4. for at
least three consecutive calendar years; or
b. The Department has determined that source
water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least
three consecutive calendar years, the concentration of lead in source water was
less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source
water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
3. A water system that uses a new source of
water is not eligible for reduced monitoring for lead and/or copper until
concentrations in samples collected from the new source during three
consecutive monitoring periods are below the maximum permissible lead and
copper concentrations specified by the Department in 310 CMR
22.06B(4)(a)5.
(10) Analytical Methods.
(a) Analyses for lead,
copper, pH, conductivity, calcium, alkalinity, orthophosphate, silica, and
temperature shall be conducted using the following methods:
|
ANALYTICAL METHODS Reference (Method Number) |
|||||||
|
Contaminant |
Methodology9 |
EPA1 |
ASTM2 |
SM3 |
SM Online11 |
USGS4 |
Other |
|
Lead |
Atomic absorption; furnace technique |
D3559-96, 03D |
3113B |
3113B-99 |
|||
|
Inductively-coupled |
200.8 |
||||||
|
plasma; mass spectrometry Atomic absorption; |
200.9 |
||||||
|
platform furnace technique Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltameter |
Method 100110 |
||||||
|
Copper |
Atomic absorption; furnace technique |
D1688-95, 02C |
3113B |
3113B-99 |
|||
|
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration |
D1688-95, 02A |
3111B |
3113B-99 |
||||
|
Inductively-coupled plasma |
200.75 |
3120B |
3120B-99 |
||||
|
Inductively-coupled |
200.86 |
||||||
|
plasma; mass spectrometry Atomic absorption; |
200.97 |
||||||
|
platform furnace |
|||||||
|
Magnesium |
Atomic absorption; furnace |
D 511-93 03B |
3111B |
311B-99 |
|||
|
ICP |
200.7 |
3120B |
3120B-99 |
||||
|
Complexation Titrimetric |
D 511-93, 3A |
3500-Mg E |
3500MB-97 |
||||
|
Methods |
3500 Mg B |
||||||
|
Ion Chromatography |
D6919-03 |
||||||
|
pH |
Electrometric |
150.1 150.2 |
D1293-95, 99 |
4500-H+B |
4500- H +B-00 |
||
|
Conductivity |
Conductance |
D1125-95 (Re-approved 1999) |
2510B |
2510B-97 |
|||
|
Calcium |
EDTA titrimetric |
A D511-9303 A |
3500- Ca-D Ca B |
3500- Ca B-97 |
|||
|
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration |
D511-9303 B |
3111B |
3111 B-99 |
||||
|
Inductively-coupled plasma |
200.7 |
3120B |
3120 B-99 |
||||
|
Alkalinity |
Titrimetric Electrometric titration |
D1067-02 B |
922320B |
2320 B-97 |
I-1030-85 |
||
|
Ortho-phosphate, unfiltered, no digestion or hydrolysis |
Colorimetric, automated, ascorbic acid |
365.18 |
4500-P-F |
||||
|
Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, single reagent Colorimetric, |
D515-88A |
4500-P-E |
|||||
|
phosphomolybdate; |
I-1601-85 |
||||||
|
automated-segmented flow; automated discrete |
I-2601-90 |
||||||
|
I-2598-85 |
|||||||
|
Ion Chromatography |
300.08 |
D4327-97, 03 |
4110B |
4110 B-00 |
|||
|
Capillary Ion Electro- |
300.1 |
D6508, |
|||||
|
Phoresis |
Rev. 2 -39 |
||||||
|
Silica |
Colorimetric, molybdate blue; |
I-1700-85 |
|||||
|
automated-segmented flow |
I-2700-85 |
||||||
|
Colorimetric |
D859-9400 |
4500-Si-D (18th,19th) |
4500-SiO2 C-97 |
||||
|
Molybdosilicate |
4500-SiO2 C (20th ed. |
) |
|||||
|
Heteropoly blue |
4500-Si-E (18th,19th) 4500-SiO2 D (20th ed.) |
4500- SiO2 D-97 |
|||||
|
Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica |
4500-Si- F (18th, 19th) 4500-SiO2 E (20th ed.) |
4500- SiO2 D-97 |
|||||
|
Inductively-coupled plasma |
200.75 |
3120B |
3120 B-99 |
||||
|
Temperature |
Thermometric |
2550 |
|||||
1 The procedures 239.2, 220.2, 220.1, 150.1, 150.2, 120.1, 215.2, 310.1, 365.1, 365.3, 365.2, and 370.1 are incorporated by reference and shall be done in accordance with "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes", EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH (EPA-600/4-79-020), Revised March 1983, pp. 239.2-1 through 239.2-2 and metals-1 through metals-19, 220.2-1 through 220.2-2 and metals-1 through metals-19, 220.1-1 through 220.1-2 and metals-1 through metals-19, 150.1-1 through 150.1-3, 150.2-1 through 150.2-3, 120.1-1 through 120.1-3, 215.2-1 through 215.2-3, 215.1-1 through 215.1-2, 310.1-1 through 310.1-3, 365.1-1 through 365.1-9, 365.3-1 through 365.3-4, 365.2-1 through 365.2-6, and 370.1-1 through 370.1-5, respectively. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained from ORD Publications, CERI, EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Copies may be inspected at the United Departments Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Room EB-15, Washington, D.C. 20460 or at the Office of the Federal Register, 1100 L Street, NW., Room 8401, Washington, D.C.
2 The procedures D3559-96D, D1688-95C, D1688-95A, D1293-95B, D1125-82B, D511-88A, D511-88B, D1067-88B, D515-88A, D4327-97, and D859-88 are incorporated by reference and shall be done in accordance with Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, 1996, or 1999, Vols. 11.01 and 11.02, ASTM International; any year containing the cited version of the method may be used. The previous versions of D1688-95A, D1688-95C (copper), D3559-95D (lead), D1293-95 (pH), D1125-91A (conductivity), and D859-94 (silica) are also approved. These previous versions D1688-90A, C; D355990D, D1293-84, D1125-91A and D859-88, respectively are located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Vol. 11.01. Copies may be obtained from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
3 The procedures 3113, 3111-B, 3120, 4500-H+, 2510, 3500-Ca-D, 3120, 2320, 4500-P-F, 4500-P-E, 4110, 4500-Si-D, 4500-Si-E, 4500-Si-F, and 2550 are incorporated by reference and shall be done in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition (1992), 19th edition (1995) or 20th edition (1998), American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. The cited methods published in any of these three editions may be used, except that the versions of 3111B and 3113B in the 20th edition may not be used. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American Water Works Association, Customer Services, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Co 80235, Phone (303) 794-7711. Copies may be inspected at the United Departments Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Room EB-15, Washington, D.C. 20460 or at the Office of the Federal Register, 1100 L Street, NW., Room 8401, Washington, D.C.
4 The procedures I-1030-85, I-1601-85, I-2601-85, I-2598-85, I-1700-85, and I-2700-85 are incorporated by reference and shall be done in accordance with "Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments", 3rd edition, U.S. Department of Interior , U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, pp. 55-56, 381-382, 383-385, 387-388, 415-416, and 417-419, respectively. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be purchased from the Books and Open-file Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, Co 80225. Copies may be inspected at the United Departments Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Room EB-15, Washington, D.C. 20460 or at the Office of the Federal Register, 1100 L Street, NW., Room 8401, Washington, D.C.
5 Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively-Coupled Plasma--Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Revision 3.3, April 1991, Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, EPA/4-91/010, June 1991.
6 Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively-Coupled Plasma--Mass Spectrometry, Revision 4.4, April 1991, Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, EPA/600/4-91/010, June, 1991.
7 Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Revision 1.2, April 1991, Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, EPA/600/4-91/010, June 1991.
8 Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water by Ion Chromatography, Method 300.0, December 1989, U.S. EPA EMSL. This document is available from U.S. EPA, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH 45268.
9 For analyzing lead and copper, the technique applicable to total metals shall be used and samples cannot be filtered. Samples that contain less than one NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) and are properly preserved (conc HNO3 TO pH <2) may be analyzed directly (without digestion) for total metals: otherwise, digestion is required. Turbidity shall be measured on the preserved samples just prior to when metals analysis is initiated. When digestion is required, the "total recoverable" technique as defined in the method shall be used.
10 The description for Method 1001 for lead is available from Palintest, LTD, 21 Kenton Lands Road, P.O. Box 18395, Erlanger, KY 41018, or from the Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539.
11 Standard Methods Online are available at http://www.standardmethods.org. The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be used.
1. Analyses under 310 CMR 22.06B(9) shall
only be conducted by laboratories that have been certified by EPA or the
Department as stated in 310 CMR 22.11A. To obtain certification to conduct
analyses for lead and copper, laboratories shall:
a. Analyze performance evaluation samples
which include lead and copper provided by a laboratory certified by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); and
b. quantitative acceptance limits as follows:
(i) Lead: ±30% of the actual amount in
the Performance Evaluation sample when the actual amount is greater than or
equal to 0.005 mg/L. The Practical Quantitation Level, or PQL, for lead is
0.005 mg/L.
(ii) Copper:
±10% of the actual amount in the Performance Evaluation sample when the
actual amount is greater than or equal to 0.050 mg/L. The Practical
Quantitation Level, or PQL, for copper is 0.05 mg/L.
c. If the laboratory will be processing
source water composite samples under 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(a)1.d., achieve method
detection limits for lead of 0.001 mg/L according to the procedures in Appendix
B of Part 136 of 40 CFR.
d. Be
currently certified by EPA or the Department to perform analyses to the
specifications described in 310 CMR 22.06B(10)(a)1.
2. The Department has the authority to allow
the use of previously collected monitoring data for purposes of monitoring, if
the data were collected an analyzed in accordance with the requirements of 310
CMR 22.06B(10)(a).
3. All lead
levels measured between the PQL and the MDL shall be either reported as
measured or they can be reported as one-half the PQL (0.0025 mg/L). All levels
below the lead MDL shall be reported as zero.
4. All copper levels measured between the PQL
and the MDL shall be either reported as measured or they can be reported as
one-half the PQL (0.025 mg/L). All levels below the copper MDL shall be
reported as zero.
(11) Reporting Requirements. All water systems shall report all of the following information to the Department in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(11).
(a) Reporting requirements for tap water
monitoring for lead and copper and for water quality parameter monitoring
1. Except as provided in 310 CMR
22.06B(11)(a)1.h., a water system shall report the information specified below
for all tap water samples specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7) and for all water
quality parameter samples specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(8) within the first ten
days following the end of each applicable monitoring period specified in 310
CMR 22.06B(7) and (8) (i.e., every six-months, annually, every
three years, or every nine years). For monitoring periods with a duration less
than six months, the end of the monitoring period is the last date samples can
be collected during that period as specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(7) and (8).
a. The results of all tap samples for lead
and copper including the location of each site and the criteria under 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(a)3. through 6., and/or 7. under which the site was selected for the
system's sampling pool;
b.
Documentation for each sample tap water lead or copper sample for which the
water system requests invalidation pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(7)(f)2.;
c. the
90th percentile lead and copper concentrations
measured from among all lead and copper tap water samples collected during each
monitoring period (calculated in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(c)3. Unless
the Department calculates the systems 90th
percentile lead and copper levels under 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(h);
d. with the exception of initial tap sampling
conducted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)1., the system shall designate any
site which was not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and include an
explanation of why sampling sites have changed;
e. the results of all tap samples for pH, and
where applicable, alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, temperature, and
orthophosphate or silica collected under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(b) through
(e);
f. the results of all samples
collected at the entry point(s) to the distribution system for applicable water
quality parameters under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(b) through (e).
g. A water system shall report the results of
all water quality parameter samples collected under 310 CMR 22.06B(8)(c)
through (f) during each six-month monitoring period specified in 310 CMR
22.06B(8)(d) within the first ten days following the end of the monitoring
period unless the Department has specified a more frequent reporting
requirement.
2. For a
non-transient non-community water system, or a community water system meeting
the criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b)7., that does not have enough taps that can
provide first-draw samples, the system shall either:
a. Provide written documentation to the
Department identifying standing times and locations for enough non-first-draw
samples to make up its sampling pool under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)5. by the start
of the first applicable monitoring period under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d) that
commences after April 11, 2000, unless the Department has waived prior
Department approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the system
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)5.; or
b. If the Department has waived prior
approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the system, identify, in
writing, each site that did not meet the six-hour minimum standing time and the
length of standing time for that particular substitute sample collected
pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)5. and include this information with the lead
and copper tap sample results required to be submitted pursuant to 310 CMR
22.07B(11)(a)1.a.
3.
a. At a time specified by the Department, or
if no specific time is designated by the Department, then as early as possible
but no later than 60 days prior to the addition of a new source or any
long-term change in water treatment, a water system deemed to have optimized
corrosion control under 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)3., a water system subject to
reduced monitoring pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d)4., or a water system
subject to a monitoring waiver pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g), shall submit a
demonstration study to the Department describing the change or addition. The
Department must review and approve the addition of a new source or the
long-term change in treatment including a demonstration study before it is
implemented by the water system. Examples of long-term treatment changes
include the addition of a new treatment process or modification of an existing
treatment process. Examples of modifications include switching secondary
disinfectants, switching coagulants (e.g., alum to ferric
chloride), and switching corrosion inhibitor products (e.g.,
orthophosphate to blended phosphate). Long-term changes can include dose
changes to existing chemicals if the system is planning long-term changes to
its finished water pH or residual inhibitor concentration. Long-term treatment
changes would not include chemical dose fluctuations associated with daily raw
water quality changes or seasonal variations.
b. For any short-term changes in corrosion
control treatment practices, the public water system must notify the Department
within 24 hours of making such changes. If the changes persist longer than
seven days, then it will constitute a Treatment Technique Violation and the
public water system shall provide public notification in accordance with 310
CMR 22.16(3).
4. Any
small system applying for a monitoring waiver under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g), or
subject to a waiver granted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)3., shall provide
the following information to the Department in writing by the specified
deadline:
a. By the start of the first
applicable monitoring period in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(d), any small water system
applying for a monitoring waiver shall provide the documentation required to
demonstrate that it meets the waiver criteria of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)1. and
2.
b. No later than nine years
after the monitoring previously conducted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2. or
4.a., each small system desiring to maintain its monitoring waiver shall
provide the information required by 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)4.a. and b.
c. No later than 60 days after it becomes
aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing and/or copper-containing
material, as appropriate, each small system with a monitoring waiver shall
provide written notification to the Department, setting forth the circumstances
resulting in the lead-containing and/or copper-containing materials being
introduced into the system and what corrective action, if any, the system plans
to remove these materials.
d. By
October 10, 2000, any small system with a waiver granted prior to April 11,
2000 and that has not previously met the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2.
shall provide the information required by 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(g)2.
5. Each ground water system that
limits water quality parameter monitoring to a subset of entry points under 310
CMR 22.06B(8)(c)3. shall provide, by the commencement of such monitoring,
written correspondence to the Department that identifies the selected entry
points and includes information sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are
representative of water quality and treatment conditions throughout the
system.
(b)
Source Water Monitoring Reporting Requirements.
1. A water system shall report the sampling
results for all source water samples collected in accordance with 310 CMR
22.06B(9), within the first ten days following the end of each source water
monitoring period (i.e., annually, per compliance period, per
compliance cycle) specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(9).
2. With the exception of the first round of
source water sampling conducted pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(9)(b), the system
shall specify any site which was not sampled during previous monitoring
periods, and include an explanation of why the sampling point has
changed.
(c)
Corrosion Control Treatment Reporting Requirements. By
the applicable dates under 310 CMR 22.06B(2), systems shall report the
following information:
1. for systems
demonstrating that they have already optimized corrosion control, information
required in 310 CMR 22.06B(2)(b)2. or 3.
2. for systems required to optimize corrosion
control, their recommendation regarding optimal corrosion control treatment
under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(a).
3. for
systems required to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control treatments
under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(c) the information required by 310 CMR
22.06B(3)(c).
4. for systems
required to install optimal corrosion control designated by the Department
under 310 CMR 22.06B(3)(d), a letter certifying that the system has completed
installing that treatment.
(d)
Source Water Treatment
Reporting Requirements. By the applicable dates in 310 CMR
22.06B(4), systems shall provide the following information to the Department:
1. if required under 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)1.,
their recommendation regarding source water treatment;
2. for systems required to install source
water treatment under 310 CMR 22.06B(4)(b)2., a letter certifying that the
system has completed installing the treatment designated by the Department
within 24 months after the Department designated the treatment.
(e)
Lead Service Line
Replacement Reporting Requirements. Systems shall report the
following information to the Department to demonstrate compliance with the
requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(5):
1. No
later than 12 months after the end of a monitoring period in which a system
exceeds the lead action level in sampling referred to in 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(a),
the system shall demonstrate in writing to the Department that it has conducted
a materials evaluation, including the evaluation in 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a), to
identify the initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system at
the time the system exceeds the lead action level, and shall provide the
Department with the system's schedule for replacing annually at least 7% of the
initial number of lead service lines in its distribution system.
2. No later than 12 months after the end of a
monitoring period in which a system exceeds the lead action level in sampling
referred to in 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(a), and every 12 months thereafter, the system
shall demonstrate to the Department in writing that the system has either:
a. replaced in the previous 12 months at
least 7% of the initial lead service lines (or a greater number of lines
specified by the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(f) in its distribution
system, or
b. conducted sampling
which demonstrates that the lead concentration in all service line samples from
an individual line(s), taken pursuant to 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(b)3., is less than
or equal to 0.015 mg/L. In such cases, the total number of lines replaced
and/or which meet the criteria in 310 CMR 22.06B(5)(c) shall equal at least 7%
of the initial number of lead lines identified under 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(e)1.
(or the percentage specified by the Department under 310 CMR
22.06B(5)(e).
3. The
annual letter submitted to the Department under 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(e)2. shall
contain the following information:
a. the
number of lead service lines scheduled to be replaced during the previous year
of the system's replacement schedule;
b. the number and location of each lead
service line replaced during the previous year of the system's replacement
schedule;
c. if measured, the water
lead concentration and location of each lead service line sampled, the sampling
method, and the date of sampling.
4. Any system which collects lead service
line samples following partial lead service line replacement required by 310
CMR 22.06B(5) shall report the results to the Department within the first ten
days of the month following the month in which the system receives the
laboratory results, or as specified by the Department. The Department, at its
discretion may eliminate this requirement to report these monitoring results.
Systems shall also report any additional information as specified by the
Department, and in a time and manner prescribed by the Department, to verify
that all partial lead service line replacement activities have taken
place.
(f)
Public Education Program Reporting Requirements.
1. Any water system that is subject to the
public education requirements in 310 CMR 22.06B(6) shall, within ten days after
the end of each period in which the system is required to perform public
education tasks in accordance with 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b), send written
documentation to the Department that contains:
a. A demonstration that the system has
delivered the public education materials that meet the content requirements in
310 CMR 22.06B(6)(a) and the delivery requirements in 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(b);
and
b. A list of all the
newspapers, radio stations, television stations, and facilities and
organizations to which the system delivered public education materials during
the period in which the system was required to perform public education
tasks.
2. Unless
required by the Department, a system that previously has submitted the
information required by 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(f)1.b. need not resubmit the
information required by 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(f)1.b., as long as there have been
no changes in the distribution list and the system certifies that the public
education materials were distributed to the same list submitted
previously.
3. No later than 90
days following the end of the monitoring period, each system shall mail a
sample copy of the consumer notification of tap results to the Department along
with a certification that the notification has been distributed in a manner
consistent with the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B(6)(c).
(g)
Reporting of Additional
Monitoring Data. Any system which collects sampling data in
addition to that required by this subpart shall report the results to the
Department within the first ten days following the end of the applicable
monitoring period under 310 CMR 22.06B(7) through (9) during which the samples
are collected.
(h)
Reporting of 90th Percentile Lead and
Copper Concentrations where the Department Calculates a System's
90th Percentile Concentrations. A water
system is not required to report the 90th percentile
lead and copper concentrations measured from among all lead and copper tap
water samples collected during each monitoring period, as required by 310 CMR
22.06B(11)(a)1.d. if:
1. The Department has
previously notified the water system that it will calculate the water system's
90th percentile lead and copper concentrations,
based on the lead and copper tap results submitted pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(h)2.a., and has specified a date before the end of the applicable
monitoring period by which the system shall provide the results of lead and
copper tap water samples;
2. The
system has provided the following information to the Department by the date
specified in 310 CMR 22.06B(11)(h)1.:
a. The
results of all tap samples for lead and copper including the location of each
site and the criteria under 310 CMR 22.06B(7)(a)3. through 6. and/or 7. under
which the site was selected for the system's sampling pool, pursuant to 310 CMR
22.06B(11)(a)1.a.; and
b. An
identification of sampling sites utilized during the current monitoring period
that were not sampled during previous monitoring periods, and an explanation
why sampling sites have changed; and
3. The Department has provided the results of
the 90th percentile lead and copper calculations, in
writing, to the water system before the end of the monitoring period.
(12) Recordkeeping Requirements. Any system subject to the requirements of 310 CMR 22.06B shall retain on its premises original records of all sampling data and analyses, reports, surveys, letters, evaluations, schedules, Department determinations, and any other information required by 310 CMR 22.06B(2) through (9). Each water system shall retain the records required by 310 CMR 22.06B for no fewer than 12 years.
Summary of Monitoring Requirements for Water Quality Parameters1
|
Monitoring Period |
Parameters2 |
Location |
Frequency |
|
Initial Monitoring. |
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium, conductivity, temperature. |
Taps and at entry point(s) to distribution system. |
Two samples every six months. |
|
After Installation of Corrosion Control. |
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium4. |
Taps. |
Two samples every six months. |
|
pH, alkalinity, dosage rate and concentration (if alkalinity adjusted as part of corrosion control), inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor residual5. |
Entry point(s) to distribution system6. |
No less frequently than every two weeks. |
|
|
After State Specifies Parameter Values for Optimal Corrosion Control. |
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium4. |
Taps. |
Two Samples every six months. |
|
pH, alkalinity dosage rate and concentration (if alkalinity adjusted as part of corrosion control), inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor residual5. |
Entry point(s) to distribution system6. |
No less frequently than every two weeks. |
|
|
Reduced Monitoring. |
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium4. |
Taps. |
Two samples every six months, annually7 or every three years8; reduced number of sites. |
|
pH, alkalinity dosage rate and concentration (if alkalinity adjusted as part of corrosion control), inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor residual5. |
Entry point(s) to distribution system6. |
No less frequently than every two weeks. |
1 Table is for illustrative purposes; consult the text of 310 CMR 22.06B(12) for precise regulatory requirements.
2 Small and medium-size systems have to monitor for water quality parameters only during monitoring periods in which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.
3 Orthophosphate shall be measured only when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used. Silica shall be measured only when an inhibitor containing silicate compound is used.
4 Calcium shall be measured only when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control.
5 Inhibitor dosage rates and inhibitor residual concentrations (orthophosphate or silica) shall be measured only when an inhibitor is used.
6 Ground water systems may limit monitoring to representative locations throughout the system.
7 Water systems may reduce frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from every six months to annually if they have maintained the range of values for water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of monitoring.
8 Water systems may further reduce the frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from annually to once every three years if they have maintained the range of values for water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of annual monitoring. Water systems may accelerate to triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap if they have maintained 90th percentile lead levels less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, 90th percentile copper levels less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L, and the range of water quality parameters designated by the State under 40 CFR 141.82(f) as representing optimal corrosion control during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Massachusetts may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
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