Code of Massachusetts Regulations
130 CMR - DIVISION OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
Title 130 CMR 515.000 - Masshealth: General Policies
Section 515.011 - Estate Recovery
Universal Citation: 130 MA Code of Regs 130.515
Current through Register 1531, September 27, 2024
(A) Introduction.
(1) The
MassHealth agency will recover the amount of payment for medical benefits
correctly paid from the estate of a deceased member. Recovery is limited to
payment for all services provided
(a) while
the member was 65 years of age or older, except on or after October 1, 1993,
while the member was 55 years of age or older; and
(b) on or after March 22, 1991, while the
member, regardless of age, was institutionalized, and the MassHealth agency
determined that the member could not reasonably be expected to return
home.
(c) Effective for dates of
death on or after December 31, 2016, MassHealth will offset the estate recovery
claim by the total of any premiums paid to the MassHealth agency on behalf of
the member when the member was 55 years of age or older.
(2) The estate includes all real and personal
property and other assets in the member's probate estate.
(3) Notwithstanding
130
CMR 515.011(A)(1) and in
accordance with 42 U.S.C.
1396p(b)(B), the MassHealth
agency will not recover Medicare cost-sharing benefits described at
42 U.S.C.
1396(a)(10)(E) with dates of
payment on or after January 1, 2010, for persons who received such benefits
under
130
CMR 505.002: MassHealth
Standard, 505.007: MassHealth Senior Buy-in and
Buy-in,
130
CMR 519.010: MassHealth Senior Buy-in
(Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries/OMB), and
130
CMR 519.011: MassHealth
Buy-in.
(a) The date of payment for
Medicare cost-sharing deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments is the date the
MassHealth agency received the claim.
(b) The date of payment for premium payments
is the date the MassHealth agency paid the premium.
(B) Exceptions.
(1)
Long-term-care Insurance Exception. No recovery for
nursing facility or other long-term-care services may be made from the estate
of any person who meets the following requirements.
(a) The member was institutionalized;
and
(b) The member notified the
MassHealth agency that he or she had no intent of returning home; and
(c) On the date of admission to the
long-term-care institution, the member had long-term-care insurance that, when
purchased, or at any time thereafter, met the requirements of
130
CMR 515.014 and the Division of Insurance
regulations at
211
CMR
65.09(1)(e)(2).
(2)
Cost Effectiveness
Exception. Effective for dates of death on or after May 14, 2021,
in probate estates of members where the probate petition certifies under the
penalties of perjury that the total assets in a member's estate are valued at
$25,000 or less, MassHealth has determined that it is not cost effective to
pursue recovery. In such estates, MassHealth waives its right to recovery, and
will not file a claim or otherwise pursue recovery. MassHealth reserves the
right to file a claim and recover in such estates if probate filings do not
sufficiently identify the value of the estate or if later probate filings or
proceedings or investigation identify or establish that the total assets in the
estate exceed $25,000.00.
(C) Deferral of Estate Recovery. Recovery will not be required until after the death of a surviving spouse, if any, or while there is a surviving child who is younger than 21 years old, or a child of any age who is blind or permanently and totally disabled.
(D) Waiver of Estate Recovery Due to Undue Hardship. The MassHealth agency will waive its estate recovery claim if the agency determines that satisfaction of the claim would cause an undue hardship. An undue hardship does not exist solely because recovery will prevent any heir from receiving an anticipated inheritance. The duly court-appointed personal representative or public administrator of the deceased member's probate estate may apply for a waiver of estate recovery due to undue hardship. The application for a waiver and supporting documents must be received by the MassHealth agency within 60 days of the agency's notice of claim. The types of Waivers of Estate Recovery Due to Undue Hardship are:
(1)
Waiver of Estate Recovery Due to Residence and Financial
Hardship.
(a) For notice of
claims presented on or after November 15, 2003, but before May 14, 2021,
recovery will be waived if MassHealth determines all of the following
conditions have been met.
1. a sale of real
property would be required to satisfy a claim against the member's probate
estate; and
2. an individual who
was using the property as a principal place of residence on the date of the
member's death meets all of the following conditions:
a. the individual lived in the property on a
continual basis for two years prior to the member's admission to an institution
or death and continues to live in the property at the time the MassHealth
agency first presented its claim for recovery against the deceased member's
estate;
b. the individual has
inherited or received an interest in the property from the deceased member's
estate as defined in
130
CMR 501.013(A)(2) and
515.011(A)(2);
c. the individual is not being forced to sell
the property by other devisees or heirs at law; and
d. at the time the MassHealth agency first
presented its claim for recovery against the deceased member's estate, the
gross annual income of the individual's family group was less than or equal to
133% of the applicable federal-poverty-level income standard for the
appropriate family size.
3. The waiver will be conditional for a
period of two years from the date the MassHealth agency mails notice that the
waiver requirements have been met, or from the date that a court of competent
jurisdiction determines that the waiver requirements have been met. If at the
end of that period, all circumstances and conditions that must exist for the
MassHealth agency to waive recovery still exist, including meeting the same
income standards under
130
CMR 515.011(D)(1)(a)2.(d),
and the real property has not been sold or transferred, the waiver will become
permanent and binding. If at any time during the two-year period, the
circumstances and conditions for the waiver no longer exist, including meeting
the same income standards under
130
CMR 515.011(D)(1)(a)2.d.,
the property is sold or transferred, or the individual does not use the
property as their primary residence, the MassHealth agency will be notified and
its claim may be payable in full.
(b) For claims presented on or after May 14,
2021, and upon application of a waiver of estate recovery due to residence and
undue hardship by the personal representative or public administrator of the
estate, MassHealth will waive recovery without a conditional two-year waiting
period provided the personal representative or public administrator establishes
to the satisfaction of the MassHealth agency that all the criteria for a
residence and undue hardship waiver in
130
CMR 515.011(D)(1)(a)1. and
2. are currently met.
(c) Any
waivers arising out of notice of claims presented before May 14, 2021, which
did not become permanent and binding pursuant to the two-year conditional
requirements set forth in
130
CMR 515.011(D)(1)(a)3., and
which had not been satisfied and were still subject to the two-year conditional
requirements of
130
CMR 515.011(D)(1)(a)3. as of
May 14, 2021, will become permanent and binding.
(2)
Waiver of Estate Recovery
Based on Care Provided. For claims presented on or after May 14,
2021, for an heir or devisee inheriting a legal interest in the deceased
member's home, the MassHealth agency will waive estate recovery if MassHealth
determines to its satisfaction all of the following conditions have been met.
(a) the heir or devisee resided in the
member's home on a continual basis for two years prior to member's admission to
an institution or death;
(b) during
that time, the member needed and the heir or devisee provided a level of care
that avoided the member's admission to a facility;
(c) the heir or devisee continues to live in
the property at the time the notice of claim is filed;
(d) the heir or devisee was left an interest
in the home under the member's will, or inherited the property under the laws
of intestacy;
(e) the heir is not
being forced to sell the property by other devisees or heirs; and
(f) the property would have to be sold to
satisfy the claim.
(3)
Waiver of Estate Recovery Due to Financial Hardship Based on
Income.
(a) For claims presented
on or after May 14, 2021, the personal representative or public administrator
of a member's estate may apply for a waiver of estate recovery due to financial
hardship based on the income of an heir or heirs or devisee or devisees. If
there are multiple heirs or devisees, the personal representative or public
administrator must apply for an Income-based waiver separately on behalf of
each individual. To be considered a qualifying heir or devisee, the personal
representative or public administrator of the estate must establish:
1. the qualifying heir or devisee is
inheriting an interest in the member's estate under the member's probate
estate; and,
2. the family group of
a qualifying heir or devisee has a Gross Income below 400% of the federal
poverty level for the two-year period prior to the date the notice of claim is
filed. If MassHealth determines that both conditions have been met, the heir is
considered a qualifying heir.
(b) MassHealth will waive recovery in an
amount equal to the value of the qualifying heir's or devisee's interest in the
estate up to a maximum of $50,000 per qualifying heir or devisee. If there is
more than one qualifying heir or devisee in an estate, the total amount of the
agency's estate recovery claim waived for qualifying heirs or devisees shall be
limited to a total of $100,000.
(c)
An estate with qualifying heirs or devisees, regardless of whether or not there
are non-qualifying heirs, will be subject to estate recovery based on the
lesser of:
1. the value of the estate
remaining after deducting the amount waived from the total value of the estate
for qualifying heirs and devisees; or
2. the amount of the MassHealth claim
remaining after deducting the amount waived from the total value of the
MassHealth claim.
(d)
Example 1. The value of the estate is $400,000 and the
MassHealth claim is $60,000. There are two heirs who qualify for the waiver,
each with an interest in the estate of $50,000 or greater. There are also two
heirs who do not qualify. In this example, the waived amount is $100,000
(50,000 + 50,000). After deducting the $100,000 waived amount from the estate
there is $300,000 left in the estate, but after deducting the $100,000 waived
amount from the $60,000 MassHealth claim there is nothing left in the
MassHealth claim. The result is no estate recovery.
(e)
Example 2. The
value of the estate is $350,000 and the MassHealth claim is $500,000. There are
two qualifying heirs, each with an interest in the estate of $50,000 or
greater. There are also two non-qualifying heirs. In this example, the waived
amount is $100,000 (50,000 + 50,000). After deducting the $100,000 waived
amount from the estate there is $250,000 left in the estate, and after
deducting the $100,000 waived amount from the $500,000 MassHealth claim there
is $400,000 remaining in the MassHealth claim. In this example, MassHealth
would recover $250,000, since it is less than $400,000.
(E) Outstanding Claims.
(1) For claims presented
between April 1, 1995, and November 15, 2003, that are still outstanding,
recovery will be waived if all requirements under the then-existing MassHealth
regulations were met.
(2) For
claims presented before April 1, 1995, a waiver for hardship did not
exist.
(F) Fair-market Value and Equity Value. If there will be insufficient proceeds from the sale or transfer of the property to satisfy the MassHealth agency's claim in full from a property on which MassHealth has recorded a lien, the fair-market value and equity value of all real property that is part of the deceased member's probate estate must be verified prior to the sale or transfer of said property.
(1)
The personal representative or public administrator of the probate estate must
verify the fair-market value by sending to the MassHealth agency a copy of the
most recent tax bill or the property tax assessment that was most recently
issued by the taxing jurisdiction, provided that this assessment is not one of
the following:
(a) a special-purpose tax
assessment;
(b) based on a
fixed-rate-per-acre method; or
(c)
based on an assessment ratio or providing only a range.
(2) The personal representative or public
administrator of the probate estate must also provide a comparable market
analysis or a written appraisal of the property value from a knowledgeable
source. A knowledgeable source includes one of the following: a licensed
real-estate agent or broker, a real-estate appraiser, or an official of a bank,
savings and loan association, or similar lending organization. The
knowledgeable source must not have any real or apparent conflict-of-interest
relationship with the estate.
(3)
The MassHealth agency may also obtain an assessment from a knowledgeable
source.
(G) Exemption of Certain Assets from Estate Recovery for American Indians and Alaska Natives.
(1)
For notice of claims presented on or after July 1, 2009, and upon application
for exemption of certain assets from estate recovery by the personal
representative or public administrator of the member's estate, recovery from
the following American Indian and Alaska Natives income, resources, and
property will be waived:
(a) certain income
and resources (such as interests in and income derived from tribal land and
other resources currently held in trust status and judgment funds from the
Indian Claims Commission and the U.S. Claims Court) that are exempt from
Medicaid estate recovery by other laws and regulations;
(b) ownership interest in trust and non-trust
property, including real property and improvements
1. located on a reservation (any federally
recognized Indian tribe's reservation, pueblo, or colony, including former
reservations in Oklahoma, Alaska Native regions established by the Alaska
Native Claims Settlement Act at 43 U.S.C. chapter 33, and Indian allotments) or
near a reservation as designated and approved by the Bureau of Indian Affairs
of the U.S. Department of the Interior; or
2. for any federally recognized tribe not
described in
130
CMR 515.011(G)(1)(b)1.,
located within the most recent boundaries of a prior federal
reservation;
(c) income
left as a remainder in an estate derived from property protected in
130
CMR 515.011(G)(1)(b), that
was either collected by an Indian or by a tribe or tribal organization and
distributed to Indians, as long as the individual can clearly trace it as
coming from protected property;
(d)
ownership interests left as a remainder in an estate in rents, leases,
royalties, or usage rights related to natural resources, including extraction
of natural resources or harvesting of timber, other plants and plant products,
animals, fish, or fish products, resulting from the exercise of federally
protected rights and income either collected by an Indian or by a tribe or
tribal organization and distributed to Indians derived from these sources as
long as the individual can clearly trace it as coming from protected sources;
or
(e) ownership interests in or
usage rights to items not covered by
130
CMR 515.011(G)(1)(a) through
(d) that have unique religious, spiritual,
traditional, or cultural significance or rights that support subsistence or a
traditional life style according to applicable tribal law or custom.
(2) Protection of non-trust
property described in
130
CMR 515.011(G)(1) is
limited to circumstances when it passes from an Indian, as defined in the
Indian Health Care Improvement Act at 25 U.S.C. c. 18, § 4 to one or more
relatives (by blood, adoption, or marriage), including Indians not enrolled as
members of a tribe and non-Indians, such as spouses or stepchildren, that their
culture would nevertheless protect as family members, to a tribe or tribal
organization, or to one or more Indians.
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