Current through Register 1531, September 27, 2024
(A) A
Program shall:
(1) in consultation with a
registered nurse, physician, and pharmacist, develop and implement written
policies and procedures governing medications, including the receipt, storage,
and administration of all drugs and biologicals; or
(2) adopt model written policies and
procedures governing medications, including the receipt, storage, and
administration of all drugs and biologicals, provided that such model policies
and procedures are developed in consultation with a registered nurse,
physician, and pharmacist.
(B) A Program shall designate a registered
nurse as supervisor of medication management services.
(C) Medication policies and procedures shall
address:
(1) Receipt of medications;
(2) Documentation of the administration of
all medications;
(3) Response to
medication emergencies;
(4) Storage
of medications;
(5) Wasting and
disposal of unused medications;
(6)
Inventorying and auditing controlled substances in accordance with state and
federal laws and regulations;
(7)
Reporting and documentation of medication errors;
(8) Reporting theft or loss of medications
including controlled substances; and
(9) Procedures for resolving concerns raised
by the Program or the participant or legally authorized representative
regarding administration of medications. Such procedures shall provide for and
encourage the participation of the participant or legally authorized
representative.
(D) A
Program shall provide a copy of its written medication policies and procedures
to each participant or his or her legally authorized representative upon
enrollment.
(E)
Medication Orders.
(1) The licensed nurse shall ensure that
there is a complete and current medication order from a licensed prescriber in
the participant's health record for each medication that has been prescribed
and dispensed to the participant.
(2) An order for any change in prescription
medication that has already been dispensed to the participant, may only be
received by the nurse. Any verbal order must be followed by a signed written
order within seven business days. The medication order shall be obtained and
documented and the medication administration plan updated.
(3) A Program may not administer a
non-prescription medication, or a prescription medication that has been
prescribed and dispensed to the participant, without a medication order from a
licensed prescriber that contains the following information:
(a) Participant's name;
(b) Name and signature of the licensed
prescriber;
(c) Name, route, and
dosage of medication;
(d) Frequency
and duration of medication administration;
(e) Date of the prescription; and
(f) Any specific directions for
administration.
(F) Any research or investigational drug
studies conducted at a Program must be in compliance with state and federal
laws and regulations. Medication research projects governed by M.G.L. c. 94C,
§ 8 shall be conducted in accordance with
105 CMR
700.009: Research Involving
Controlled Substances.
(G)
Only Program personnel who are legally authorized in accordance with current
state and federal laws and regulations may administer medications.
(H) Medications prescribed for a specific
participant may not be administered to any other participant.
(I)
Administration of
Medications.
(1) The legally
authorized individual administering medications shall:
(a) Positively identify the participant who
receives the medication;
(b)
Document assessments of the participant and communicate significant information
relating to prescription medication effectiveness, adverse reactions, or other
harmful effects to the participant or legally authorized representative and
licensed prescriber;
(c) Respond to
medication emergencies; and
(d)
Have a current pharmaceutical reference available for his or her use.
(2)
Medication
Errors.
(a) Medication errors
shall be documented by the nurse on an incident report form. Medication error
incident report forms shall be retained by the Program and shall be made
available to the Department upon request.
(b) The participant or legally authorized
representative shall be notified of all medication errors.
(c) The primary care provider and prescriber
shall be notified immediately of all medication errors with the potential for
adverse participant consequences.
(3) A Program may not add any medication to
any food or beverage without the participant's or his or her legally authorized
representative's knowledge or consent.
(J) Participants may self-administer
medications provided that the following requirements are met:
(1) The nurse evaluated the participant's
health status and abilities and deemed self- administration safe and
appropriate;
(2) The primary care
provider's order or prescription indicates that self-administration is
appropriate;
(3) A nurse and the
participant or legally authorized representative, where appropriate, entered
into a written agreement which specifies the conditions under which
prescription medication may be self-administered;
(4) Self-administration is included in the
plan of care;
(5) The
self-administered medications are stored in the medication cabinet;
and
(6) A nurse monitors the
participant's self-administration.
(K) A Program shall report all suspected drug
diversion and drug tampering to the Division of Health Care Facilities
Licensure and Certification and all appropriate local, state, and federal
authorities.
(L)
Medication Administration Record.
(1) A Program shall maintain a monthly
medication administration record for each participant who receives medications
at the Program.
(2) All medications
shall be accurately recorded and accounted for at all times.
(3) Each dose of prescription and
over-the-counter medication administered shall be recorded in the medication
administration record.
(4) A
medication administration record shall include the following information:
(a) The participant's name;
(b) The current month and year;
(c) The primary care provider's
name;
(d) Known
allergies;
(e) Medication
prescriptions;
(f)
Contraindications;
(g)
Documentation of side effects, adverse reactions, and effectiveness of PRN
medications;
(h) The dose or amount
of medication administered;
(i) The
name of the medication and the date and time of administration or omission of
administration, including the reason for omission; and
(j) The full signature of the nurse
administering the medication. If the medication is given more than once by the
same person, he or she may initial the record, subsequent to signing a full
signature.
(5) All
documentation regarding medication administration shall be recorded in a
permanent format that is not able to be altered.
(M)
Handling and Storage of
Medications.
(1) A participant,
legally authorized representative, or delegated responsible adult shall deliver
all medications to be administered by Program personnel or to be taken by self-
administering participants to the nurse. Medications shall be delivered as
follows:
(a) Prescription medication must be
in a pharmacy labeled container.
(b) Over the counter medications must be in a
manufacturer labeled container.
(c)
The nurse receiving the medication shall document the name, strength, and
quantity of the medication delivered, and the date of delivery, in the
participant's Medication Administration Record.
(d) In extenuating circumstances, as
determined by the nurse, the medication may be delivered by other persons;
provided, however, that the nurse is notified in advance by the participant or
legally authorized representative of the arrangement and the quantity of
medication being delivered to the Program.
(2) All medications shall be maintained and
stored in original pharmacy or manufacturer labeled containers and in such
manner as to maintain the integrity of the medications. Transfer to other
containers is forbidden.
(3)
Security.
(a) All
medications shall be kept in a securely locked cabinet or closet used
exclusively for medications. The medication cabinet(s) or closet(s) shall be
locked except when opened to obtain medications. If a cabinet is used to store
medications, it shall be substantially constructed and anchored securely to a
solid surface.
(b) Medications
requiring refrigeration shall be stored in a permanently affixed locked box in
a refrigerator or in a locked refrigerator used exclusively for medications.
The refrigerator shall be maintained at temperatures of 38°F to
42°F.
(c) The medication
cabinet or closet shall be located in or near the nursing office and in a
location that is not frequented by participants or visitors.
(d) The medication cabinet or closet shall be
well-lighted, locked at all times with a suitable lock, and maintained in a
clean and sanitary manner. It shall be sufficient in size to permit storage
without crowding.
(e) The
medication cabinet or closet shall be located near a sink for
handwashing.
(f) There shall be a
separately locked, securely fastened compartment within the locked medicine
cabinet or closet for the proper storage of prescribed controlled
substances.
(g) Medications for
"external use only" shall be kept in a locked cabinet or compartment that is
separate and apart from internal use medications.
(4) Access to medications shall be limited to
staff authorized to administer medications at the Program.
(5) Participants or legally authorized
representatives may retrieve medications from the Program at any
time.
(6) No more than a 30 day
supply of any prescription medication may be stored at the Program.
(7) All unused, discontinued, or outdated
medications and medications with defaced labels shall be returned to the
participants or legally authorized representatives and the return documented in
the Medication Administration Record.
(8) If unable to comply with 105 CMR
158.039(M)(7), unused, discontinued, or outdated prescription medications may
be destroyed by two staff members, one of which must be a nurse, in accordance
with guidelines of the Department.