Code of Maryland Regulations
Title 13A - STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
Subtitle 03 - GENERAL INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMS
Chapter 13A.03.08 - Students at Risk for Reading Difficulties
Section 13A.03.08.02 - Definitions

(1) "Fluency" means reading accuracy and rate and includes oral accuracy, prosody, intonation, and automaticity.

(2) "Phonemic awareness" means the ability to distinguish, segment, blend, and manipulate phonemes in words.

(3) "Phonics" means the study of letters and letter combinations and the relationship between the sounds that they represent.

(4) "Phonological awareness" means a child's ability to recognize and manipulate parts of oral language, including syllables, onset-rime, and phonemes.

(5) "Progress monitoring" means a measurement procedure used at specified time intervals to measure a student's response to instruction or intervention.

(6) "Rapid automatic naming" means how quickly individual students can name letters, digits, or symbols.

(7) "Screening instrument" means a brief, valid, and reliable measurement used to identify or predict whether a student may be at risk for poor learning outcomes.

(8) "Student" means a student who does not have a current individualized education program or an individualized family service plan with reading goals.

(9) "Supplemental reading instruction" means evidence-based, sequential, systematic, explicit, and cumulative instruction or intervention for mastery of foundational reading skills, including phonological or phonemic awareness and processing, phonics, and vocabulary to support development of decoding, spelling, fluency, and reading comprehension skills to meet grade level curriculum.