Louisiana Administrative Code
Title 33 - ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Part V - Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials
Subpart 1 - Department of Environmental Quality-Hazardous Waste
Chapter 30 - Hazardous Waste Burned in Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
Section V-3005 - Permit Standards for Burners

Universal Citation: LA Admin Code V-3005

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, September 20, 2024

A. Applicability

1. General. Owners or operators of boilers and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste and not operating under interim status must comply with the requirements of this Section and LAC 33:V.535 and 537, except as provided by LAC 33:V.3017.

2. Owners or operators of boilers and industrial furnaces that burn hazardous waste are subject to the following provisions:
a. general, LAC 33:V.105.G;

b. general facility standards, LAC 33:V.303.A, 1503.A.3, 1503.B.3, 1507, 1509, 1515, 1517, 1519, 1527.E, and 1531.A;

c. preparedness and prevention, LAC 33:V.1511;

d. contingency plan and emergency procedures, LAC 33:V.1513;

e. manifest system, recordkeeping, and reporting, LAC 33:V.1516.B, 1516.C, 1516.D and 1527;

f. releases from solid waste management units, LAC 33:V.3301 and 3322;

g. closure and post-closure, LAC 33:V.3507, 3511, 3513, 3515, and 3517.A;

h. financial requirements, LAC 33:V.3703, 3705, 3707, 3714, 3717 and 3719; and

i. air emission standards for equipment leaks, LAC 33:V.Chapter 43.Subchapter R.

B. Hazardous Waste Analysis

1. The owner or operator must provide an analysis of the hazardous waste that quantifies the concentration of any constituent identified in LAC 33:V.3105, Table 1, that may reasonably be expected to be in the waste. Such constituents must be identified and quantified, if present, at levels detectable by using appropriate analytical procedures. The LAC 33:V.3105, Table 1 constituents excluded from this analysis must be identified and the basis for their exclusion explained. This analysis will be used to provide all information required by this Section and LAC 33:V.535 and 537 and to enable the permit writer to prescribe such permit conditions as are necessary to protect human health and the environment. Such analysis must be included as a portion of Part II of the permit application, or, for facilities operating under the interim status standards of LAC 33:V.3007, as a portion of the trial burn plan that may be submitted before Part II of the application under the provisions of LAC 33:V.537.D, as well as any other analysis required by the permit authority in preparing the permit. Owners and operators of boilers and industrial furnaces not operating under the interim status standards of LAC 33:V.3007 must provide the information required by LAC 33:V.535 and 537 to the greatest extent possible.

2. Throughout normal operation, the owner or operator must conduct sufficient sampling and analyses to ensure that the hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks fired into the boiler or industrial furnace are within the physical and chemical composition limits specified in the permit.

C. Emissions Standards. Owners and operators must comply with emissions standards provided by LAC 33:V.3009-3015.

D. Permits

1. The owner or operator of a boiler or industrial furnace may burn only hazardous wastes specified in the facility permit and only under the operating conditions specified for those hazardous wastes under LAC 33:V.3005.E, except in approved trial burns under the conditions specified in LAC 33:V.535.

2. Hazardous wastes not specified in the permit may not be burned until operating conditions have been specified under a new permit or permit modification, as applicable. Operating requirements for new wastes may be based on either trial burn results or alternative data included with Part II of a permit application under LAC 33:V.535.

3. Boilers and industrial furnaces operating under the interim status standards of LAC 33:V.3007 are permitted under procedures specified in LAC 33:V.535.

4. The administrative authority shall establish appropriate conditions in permits for new boilers and industrial furnaces (those boilers and industrial furnaces not operating under the interim status standards of LAC 33:V.3007) for each of the applicable requirements of this Paragraph, including but not limited to allowable hazardous waste firing rates and operating conditions necessary to meet the requirements of LAC 33:V.3007, sufficient to comply with the following standards.
a. For the period beginning with initial introduction of hazardous waste and ending with initiation of the trial burn, and only for the minimum time required to bring the device to a point of operational readiness to conduct a trial burn, not to exceed a duration of 720 hours operating time when burning hazardous waste, the administrative authority will specify the operating requirements most likely to ensure compliance with the standards of LAC 33:V.3005.E, based on the engineering judgment of the administrative authority. If the applicant is seeking a waiver from a trial burn to demonstrate conformance with a particular emission standard, the operating requirements during this initial period of operation shall include those specified by the applicable provisions of LAC 33:V.3009-3015. The administrative authority may extend the duration of this period for up to 720 additional hours when the applicant demonstrates good cause for the extension.

b. For the duration of the trial burn, the operating requirements must be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the emission standards of LAC 33:V.3009-3015 and must be in accordance with the approved trial burn plan.

c. For the period immediately following completion of the trial burn, and only for the minimum period sufficient to allow the owner or operator to analyze samples, compute data, and submit to the Office of Environmental Services the trial burn results, and for the administrative authority to modify the facility permit to reflect the trial burn results, the administrative authority will specify the operating requirements most likely to ensure compliance with the emission standards of LAC 33:V.3009-3015, based on engineering judgment.

d. For the remaining duration of the permit, the operating requirements must be those demonstrated in a trial burn or by alternative data specified in LAC 33:V.535 as sufficient to ensure compliance with the emission standards of LAC 33:V.3009-3015.

E. Operating Requirements

1. General. Boilers or industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste must be operated in accordance with the operating requirements specified in the permit at all times where there is hazardous waste in the unit.

2. Specific requirements to ensure compliance with the organic emissions standards are as follows.
a. Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Standard. The permit must incorporate the stack gas carbon monoxide (CO) limit and, as appropriate, a hydrocarbon (HC) limit as specified in LAC 33:V.3009.B-F. The permit limits will be specified as follows:
i. when complying with the CO standard of LAC 33:V.3009.B.1, the permit limit is 100 ppmv;

ii. when complying with the alternative CO standard under LAC 33:V.3009.C, the permit limit for CO is based on the trial burn and is established as the average over all valid runs of the highest hourly rolling average CO level of each run, and the permit limit for HC is 20 ppmv (as defined in LAC 33:V.3009.C.1), except as provided in LAC 33:V.3009.F;

iii. when complying with the alternative HC limit for industrial furnaces under LAC 33:V.3009.F, the permit limit for HC and CO is the baseline level when hazardous waste is not burned as specified by that Subsection.

b. DRE Standard. Operating conditions demonstrated in a trial burn or by alternate data as specified in LAC 33:V.535 to be sufficient to comply with the DRE performance standard of LAC 33:V.3009.A or as those special operating requirements provided by LAC 33:V.3009.A.4 for the waiver of the DRE trial burn, will be specified on a case-by-case basis for each hazardous waste burned. When the DRE trial burn is not waived under LAC 33:V.3009.A.4, each set of operating requirements will specify the composition of the hazardous waste (including acceptable variations in the physical or chemical properties of the hazardous waste which will not affect compliance with the DRE performance standard) to which the operating requirements apply. For each such hazardous waste, the permit will specify acceptable operating limits, including the following conditions, as appropriate:
i. feed rate of hazardous waste and other fuels measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E;

ii. minimum and maximum device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

iii. appropriate controls of the hazardous waste firing system;

iv. allowable variation in boiler and industrial furnace system design or operating procedures;

v. minimum combustion gas temperature measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber temperature, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

vi. an appropriate indicator of combustion gas velocity, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6, unless documentation is provided under LAC 33:V.537 demonstrating adequate combustion gas residence time; and

vii. such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the DRE performance standard of LAC 33:V.3009.A is met.

c. Start-Up and Shutdown. During start-up and shutdown of the boiler or industrial furnace, hazardous waste (except waste fed solely as an ingredient under the Tier I, or adjusted Tier I, feed rate screening limits for metals and chloride/chlorine, and except low risk waste exempt from the trial burn requirements under LAC 33:V.3009.A.5, 3011, 3013, and 3015) must not be fed into the device unless the device is operating within the conditions of operation specified in the permit.

3. Specific operating requirements to ensure conformance with the metals standards are as follows.
a. For conformance with the Tier I (or adjusted Tier I) metals feed rate screening limits provided by LAC 33:V.3013.B or E, the permit will specify the following operating requirements:
i. total feed rate of hazardous waste, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

ii. total feed rate of each metal level in hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks measured and specified under provisions of LAC 33:V.3005.E.6; and

iii. a sampling and metals analysis program for the hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks.

b. For conformance with the Tier II metals emission rate screening limits under LAC 33:V.3013.C and the Tier III metals controls under LAC 33:V.3013.D, the permit will specify the following operating requirements:
i. maximum emission rate for each metal specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;

ii. feed rate of total hazardous waste and pumpable hazardous waste, each measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

iii. feed rate of each metal in the following feedstreams, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6:
(a). total feedstreams;

(b). total hazardous waste feed; and

(c). total pumpable hazardous waste feed;

iv. total feed rate of chlorine and chloride in total feedstreams measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

v. maximum combustion gas temperature measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber temperature, and measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

vi. maximum flue gas temperature at the inlet to the particulate matter air pollution control system measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

vii. maximum device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units and measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

viii. appropriate controls on operation and maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control system;

ix. allowable variation in boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control system or operating procedures; and

x. such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the metals standards under LAC 33:V.3013.C or D are met.

c. For conformance with an alternative implementation approach approved by the administrative authority under LAC 33:V.3013.F, the permit will specify the following operating requirements:
i. maximum emission rate for each metal specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;

ii. feed rate of total hazardous waste and pumpable hazardous waste, each measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6.a;

iii. feed rate of each metal in the following feedstreams, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6.a:
(a). total hazardous waste feed; and

(b). total pumpable hazardous waste feed;

iv. total feed rate of chlorine and chloride in total feedstreams measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

v. maximum combustion gas temperature measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber temperature, and measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

vi. maximum flue gas temperature at the inlet to the particulate matter air pollution control system measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

vii. maximum device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units and measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

viii. appropriate controls on operation and maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control system;

ix. allowable variation in boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control system or operating procedures; and

x. such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the metals standards under LAC 33:V.3013.C or D are met.

4. Specific operating requirements to ensure conformance with the hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas standards provided by LAC 33:V.3015 are as follows.
a. For conformance with the Tier I total chloride and chlorine feed rate screening limits of LAC 33:V.3015 the permit will specify the following requirements:
i. feed rate of total hazardous waste measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

ii. feed rate of total chloride and chlorine in hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6; and

iii. a sampling and analysis program for total chloride and chlorine for the hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks.

b. For conformance with the Tier II HCl and Cl2 emission rate screening limits provided by LAC 33:V.3015 and the Tier III HCl and Cl2 controls under LAC 33:V.3105.C, the permit will specify the following operating requirements:
i. maximum emission rate for HCl and for Cl2 specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;

ii. feed rate of total hazardous waste measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

iii. total feed rate of chlorine and chloride in total feedstreams, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

iv. maximum device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

v. appropriate controls on operation and maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control system;

vi. allowable variation in boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control system or operating procedures; and

vii. such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the HCl and Cl2 standards under LAC 33:V.3013.B or C are met.

5. Requirements to ensure conformance with the particulate standard are as follows.
a. Except as provided in Subparagraph E.5.b or c of this Section or in LAC 33:III.Chapter 51, the permit shall specify the following operating requirements to ensure conformance with the particulate standard specified in LAC 33:V.3011:
i. total ash feed rate to the device from hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks, measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

ii. maximum device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, and measured and specified as prescribed in LAC 33:V.3005.E.6;

iii. appropriate controls on operation and maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control system;

iv. allowable variation in boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control system or operating procedures; and

v. such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the particulate standard in LAC 33:V.3011.A is met.

b. Permit conditions to ensure conformance with the particulate matter standard shall not be provided for facilities exempt from the particulate matter standard under LAC 33:V.3011.B.

c. For cement kilns and light-weight aggregate kilns, permit conditions to ensure compliance with the particulate standard shall not limit the ash content of hazardous waste or other feed materials.

6. Measuring parameters and establishing limits based on trial burn data are as follows.
a. General Requirements. As specified in LAC 33:V.3005.E.2-5, each operating parameter shall be measured, and permit limits on the parameter shall be established, according to either of the following procedures.
i. Instantaneous Limits. A parameter may be measured and recorded on an instantaneous basis (i.e., the value that occurs at any time) and the permit limit specified as the time-weighted average during all valid runs of the trial burn; or

ii. Hourly Rolling Average
(a). The limit for a parameter may be established and continuously monitored on an hourly rolling average basis. A continuous monitor is one which continuously samples the regulated parameter without interruption, and evaluates the detector response at least once each 15 seconds, and computes and records the average value at least every 60 seconds. An hourly rolling average is the arithmetic means of the 60 most recent one-minute average values recorded by the continuous monitoring system.

(b). The permit limit for the parameter shall be established based on trial burn data as the average over all valid test runs of the highest hourly rolling average value for each run.
b. Rolling Average Limits for Carcinogenic Metals and Lead. Feed rate limits for the carcinogenic metals (i.e., arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and chromium) and lead may be established either on an hourly rolling average basis as prescribed by LAC 33:V.3005.E.6.a or on (up to) a 24-hour rolling average basis. If the owner or operator elects to use an average period from 2 to 24 hours:
i. the feed rate of each metal shall be limited at any time to 10 times the feed rate that would be allowed on an hourly rolling average basis;

ii. the continuous monitor shall meet the following specifications:
(a). a continuous monitor is one which continuously samples the regulated parameter without interruption, and evaluates the detector response at least once each 15 seconds, and computes and records the average value at least every 60 seconds;

(b). the rolling average for the selected averaging period is defined as the arithmetic mean of one-hour block averages for the averaging period. A one-hour block average is the arithmetic mean of the one-minute averages recorded during the 60-minute period beginning at one minute after the beginning of the preceding clock hour; and

iii. the permit limit for the feed rate of each metal shall be established based on trial burn data as the average over all valid test runs of the highest hourly rolling average feed rate for each run.

c. Feed Rate Limits for Metals, Total Chloride and Chlorine, and Ash. Feed rate limits for metals, total chlorine and chloride, and ash are established and monitored by knowing the concentration of the substance (i.e., metals, chloride/chlorine, and ash) in each feedstream and the flow rate of the feedstream. To monitor the feed rate of these substances, the flow rate of each feedstream must be monitored under the continuous monitoring requirements of LAC 33:V.3005.E.6.a and b.

d. Conduct of Trial Burn Testing
i. If compliance with all applicable emissions standards of LAC 33:V.3009-3015 is not demonstrated simultaneously during a set of test runs, the operating conditions of additional test runs required to demonstrate compliance with remaining emissions standards must be as close as possible to the original operating conditions.

ii. Prior to obtaining test data for purposes of demonstrating compliance with the emissions standards of LAC 33:V.3009-3015 or establishing limits on operating parameters under this Section, the facility must operate under trial burn conditions for a sufficient period to reach steady-state operations. The administrative authority may determine, however, that industrial furnaces that recycle collected particulate matter back into the furnace and that comply with an alternative implementation approach for metals under LAC 33:V.3013.F need not reach steady state conditions with respect to the flow of metals in the system prior to beginning compliance testing for metal emissions.

iii. Trial burn data on the level of an operating parameter for which a limit must be established in the permit must be obtained during emissions sampling for the pollutant(s) (i.e., metals, PM, HCl/Cl2, organic compounds) for which the parameter must be established as specified by LAC 33:V.3005.

7. General requirements are as follows.
a. Fugitive Emissions. Fugitive emissions from the combustion zone that occur when hazardous waste is being burned must be controlled by:
i. keeping the combustion zone totally sealed against fugitive emissions;

ii. maintaining a combustion zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure; or

iii. using an alternate means of control demonstrated (with Part II of the permit application) to provide control of fugitive emissions equivalent to that provided by maintaining a combustion zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.

b. Automatic Waste Feed Cutoff. A boiler or industrial furnace must be operated with a functioning system that automatically cuts off the hazardous waste feed when operating conditions deviate from those established under this Subsection. The administrative authority may limit the number of cutoffs per an operating period on a case-by-case basis. In addition:
i. the permit limit for (the indicator of) minimum combustion chamber temperature must be maintained while hazardous waste or hazardous waste residues remain in the combustion chamber;

ii. exhaust gases must be ducted to the air pollution control system operated in accordance with the permit requirements while hazardous waste or hazardous waste residues remain in the combustion chamber; and

iii. operating parameters for which permit limits are established must continue to be monitored during the cutoff, and the hazardous waste feed shall not be restarted until the levels of those parameters comply with the permit limits. For parameters that may be monitored on an instantaneous basis, the administrative authority will establish a minimum period of time after a waste feed cutoff during which the parameter must not exceed the permit limit before the hazardous waste feed may be restarted.

c. Changes. A boiler or industrial furnace must cease burning hazardous waste when changes in combustion properties, or feed rates of the hazardous waste, other fuels, or industrial furnace feedstocks, or changes in the boiler or industrial furnace design or operating conditions deviate from the limits designated in its permit.

F. Monitoring and Inspections

1. The owner or operator must monitor and record the following, at a minimum, while burning hazardous waste.
a. If required by the permit, feed rates and composition of hazardous waste, of other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks, and feed rates of ash, metals, and total chloride and chlorine must be monitored and recorded.

b. If required by the permit, carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons, and oxygen must be monitored and recorded continuously at a common point in the boiler or industrial furnace downstream of the combustion zone and before the stack gases are released to the atmosphere as specified in LAC 33:V.3005.E.2.b. The administrative authority may approve an alternative monitoring scheme for monitoring total hydrocarbons. CO, HC, and oxygen monitors must be installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with Guidelines for Continuous Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide at Hazardous Waste Incinerators, Appendix D, PES, January 1987.

c. Upon the request of the administrative authority, sampling and analysis of the hazardous waste (and other fuels and industrial furnace feedstocks as appropriate) residues and exhaust emissions must be conducted to verify that the operating requirements established in the permit achieve the standards of LAC 33:V.3009-3015.

2. All monitors shall record data in units corresponding to the permit limit unless otherwise specified in the permit.

3. The boiler or industrial furnace and associated equipment (pumps, valves, pipes, fuel storage tanks when they contain hazardous waste, etc.) must be thoroughly inspected visually, at least daily when hazardous waste is burned, for leaks, spills, fugitive emissions, and signs of tampering.

4. The emergency hazardous waste feed cutoff system and associated alarms must be tested at least weekly when hazardous waste is burned to verify operability, unless the applicant demonstrates to the administrative authority that weekly inspections will unduly restrict or upset operations and that less frequent inspections will be adequate. Support for such demonstration shall be included in the operating record. At a minimum, operational testing must be conducted at least monthly.

5. These monitoring and inspection data must be recorded, and the records must be placed in the operating log required by LAC 33:V.1529.

G. Direct Transfer to the Burner. If hazardous waste is directly transferred from a transport vehicle to a boiler or industrial furnace without the use of a storage unit, the owner and operator must comply with LAC 33:V.3023.

H. Recordkeeping. The owner or operator must maintain in the operating record of the facility all information and data required by this Section for five years.

I. Closure. At closure, the owner or operator must remove all hazardous waste and hazardous waste residues (including, but not limited to, ash, scrubber waters, and scrubber sludges) from the site of the boiler or industrial furnace.

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 30:2180 et seq.

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