Louisiana Administrative Code
Title 28 - EDUCATION
Part CXXI - Bulletin 1964-Louisiana Content Standards, Benchmarks, and Grade Level Expectations for Social Studies
Chapter 23 - High School-United States History
Section CXXI-2303 - Standards

Universal Citation: LA Admin Code CXXI-2303

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, September 20, 2024

A. Analyze ideas and events in the history of the United States of America from 1776 to 2008 and how they progressed, changed, or remained the same over time.

B. Analyze connections between events and developments in U.S. history within their global context from 1776 to 2008.

C. Compare and contrast events and developments in U.S. history from 1776 to 2008.

D. Use geographic representations and demographic data to analyze environmental, cultural, economic and political characteristics and changes.

E. Use a variety of primary and secondary sources to:

1. analyze social studies content;

2. evaluate claims, counterclaims, and evidence;

3. compare and contrast multiple sources and accounts;

4. explain how the availability of sources affects historical interpretations.

F. Construct and express claims that are supported with relevant evidence from primary and/or secondary sources, social studies content knowledge, and clear reasoning and explanations to:

1. demonstrate an understanding of social studies content;

2. compare and contrast content and viewpoints;

3. analyze causes and effects;

4. evaluate counterclaims.

G. Analyze the development of the United States from the American Revolution through the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and Early Republic.

1. Explain the historical context of and the events leading to the signing of the Declaration of Independence including the Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Patrick Henry's "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech, the battles at Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, and the Second Continental Congress and failed Olive Branch Petition, and Thomas Paine's Common Sense.

2. Explain the key reasons for the Patriots'improbable victory and analyze major battles of the American Revolution, including the Battle of Trenton, the Battle of Saratoga, and Yorktown.

3. Analyze the Declaration of Independence, and evaluate how the ideas expressed reflected the values and principles of the founders' and influenced development of the United States, with an emphasis on "inalienable rights" as inherent in all people by virtue of their being human meaning that they cannot be surrendered to the government; the rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" being the freedom to live, to protect rights, and to seek happiness as long as it does not violate the rights of others; and the concept of "consent of the governed" and how this differed from rule under a monarch.

4. Explain how America's founding, based on the words of the Declaration of Independence, and the U.S. Constitution were unprecedented in human history.

5. Explain the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation.

6. Analyze the purposes of the Preamble of the Constitution.

7. Evaluate how the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights seek to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberty and freedom, including through representation, limited government, separation of powers, and checks and balances.

8. Analyze major events and developments of U.S. presidents of the late 1700s to the early 1800s, including the presidencies of George Washington (foreign and domestic policies, Farewell Address), John Adams (Alien and Sedition Act), Thomas Jefferson (role in the Louisiana Purchase), and Andrew Jackson (Bank War).

9. Analyze how Alexis de Tocqueville's five values are crucial to America's success as a constitutional republic (liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, laissez-faire).

10. Explain and evaluate the concept of American exceptionalism.

H. Analyze key events associated with Westward Expansion during the early to mid-1800s.

1. Explain the Louisiana Purchase and evaluate its effects on the United States.

2. Analyze the causes and effects of the Indian Removal Act and describe the role of key people involved in Indian removal and the Trail of Tears including Andrew Jackson and John Ross.

3. Analyze the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War.

4. Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny and evaluate its effect on Westward Expansion.

I. Analyze the development and abolition of slavery in the United States.

1. Describe the origins of the transatlantic slave trade, Middle passage, and early spread of slavery in the Americas.

2. Describe the experiences of enslaved people on the Middle Passage, at slave auctions, and on plantations.

3. Describe the significance of invention of the cotton gin and its effects on slavery and economy.

4. Explain how slavery contributed to U.S. industrial and economic growth.

5. Explain the effects of abolition efforts by key individuals including Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe.

6. Explain how slavery is the antithesis of freedom.

7. Analyze the causes and effects of the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas Nebraska-Act.

8. Explain the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision, including it later being coined a "selfinflicted wound."

9. Describe the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation and its effects.

10. Evaluate the significance and extension of citizenship rights to Black Americans included in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States.

J. Analyze the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction.

1. Analyze the life of Abraham Lincoln including his debates with Stephen Douglas, the meaning of his "House Divided" speech, presidency and views on the Union, first and second inaugural addresses, the Emancipation Proclamation, the Gettysburg Address, particularly the origin and meaning of "last full measure of devotion," and his assassination.

2. Explain major and minor causes of the Civil War, especially the political tension surrounding the spread of slavery.

3. Analyze major battles of the Civil War, including Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and the capture of New Orleans.

4. Compare and contrast resources of the Union and Confederate States and reasons attributed to the Union winning the Civil War.

5. Explain the social, political and economic changes that resulted from Reconstruction including Jim Crow laws, the role of carpetbaggers, scalawags, Radical Republicans, the Freedmen's Bureau, sharecropping, the creation of Black Codes, and the emergence of the Ku Klux Klan and the rise of violence and intimidation of Black Americans.

K. Describe the economic and social development of the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and its emergence as a major world power.

1. Describe how the physical geography of the United States affected industrial growth and trade.

2. Explain the economic principles and practices that corresponded with America's industrial and economic growth after the Civil War including free markets, capitalism, mass production, division of labor, and monopolies.

3. Explain push and pull factors for people who immigrated to America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and analyze the immigrant experience, including assimilation, challenges, and contributions.

4. Analyze the challenges that accompanied industrialization, including pollution, poor working conditions, child labor, and food safety, as well as proposed solutions of the Progressive Era.

5. Analyze the Monroe Doctrine, the Roosevelt Corollary, and the development of U.S. foreign policy in the late 19th century and early 20th century including the Spanish-American War, the acquisition of Hawaii and Alaska, construction of the Panama Canal, and the U.S. expedition to capture Pancho Villa.

6. Analyze the life of Theodore Roosevelt, including his life in the West, the Rough Riders, his "Big Stick" diplomacy, presidency, and conservation efforts.

7. Describe engagements between the U.S. government forces and Native Americans in the West following the Civil War, including the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee, and the effects of the Dawes Act on Native Americans.

8. Analyze the life of Booker T. Washington, including his enslavement and emancipation, the Tuskegee Institute, and his Atlanta Exposition Speech.

9. Explain the origins and development of Louisiana public colleges and universities, including land grant institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and regional universities.

10. Compare and contrast the philosophies of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey.

11. Explain Elizabeth Cady Stanton's reasons for writing the Declaration of Sentiments.

12. Analyze the life of Susan B. Anthony, including her time teaching, work for abolition, work for temperance, and work for suffrage.

13. Analyze ways in which the Suffrage Movement led to passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

L. Analyze the causes, course, and consequences of World War I.

1. Describe the causes of World War I.

2. Explain the events leading to and reasons for U.S. involvement in World War I.

3. Describe the effects of major military events, the role of key people, and the experiences of service members.

4. Analyze the suppression of dissent during World War I.

5. Explain why the Allied Powers won World War I.

6. Compare and contrast Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles.

M. Analyze the political, social, cultural and economic effects of events and developments after World War I and during the 1920s.

1. Explain the origins, main ideas, contributors, and effects of the Harlem Renaissance.

2. Describe changes in the social and economic status of women.

3. Analyze how life in the United States changed as a result of technological advancements, including automobile, airplane, and radio.

4. Analyze the causes and events of the First Red Scare including the Bolshevik Revolution, anarchist bombings, the Immigration Act of 1918, and the Palmer Raids.

5. Analyze the rise in labor unions in the late 19th century and early 20th century including the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial, the Organizations (AFL-CIO), the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and the The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

6. Analyze the effects of changes in immigration to the United States and migration within the United States as a result of the Immigration Act of 1924 and the Great Migration.

7. Describe Prohibition in the United States and its consequences, including the development of organized crime.

8. Describe the effects of racial and ethnic tensions, including the Chicago riot of 1919, Tulsa Massacre, and reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan.

N. Describe the effects of the Great Depression and New Deal policies on the United States.

1. Explain the causes of the Great Depression, with an emphasis on how bank failures, buying stock on margin, overextension of credit, overproduction, high tariffs and protectionism, and the 1929 stock market crash contributed to the economic crisis.

2. Describe the effects of the Great Depression.

3. Analyze the government response to the Great Depression, including actions taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and the administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

4. Describe the causes and effects of the Dust Bowl, including natural disasters and unwise agricultural practices, and how it exacerbated the Great Depression.

5. Analyze the purpose and effectiveness of the New Deal in managing problems of the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform programs, including the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and the Social Security Act (SSA).

6. Compare and contrast economic beliefs of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, John Maynard Keynes, and Milton Friedman and analyze their influence on the economy of the United States.

O. Explain the causes, course, and consequences of World War II.

1. Explain the similarities and differences between totalitarianism and militarism in Imperial Japan, communism in the Soviet Union, fascism in Mussolini's Italy and Nazi Germany, and identify the major powers of the Allies and the Axis powers.

2. Explain efforts made by the U.S. government to prepare for war prior to entry including Cash and Carry and Lend Lease policies, military maneuvers at Barksdale Air Force Base, and the Louisiana Maneuvers in September 1941.

3. Explain why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the response of the United States.

4. Describe the sacrifices and contributions of American service members in the war effort including the Tuskegee Airmen, Military Intelligence Service, 442nd Regimental Combat team, the 101st Airborne, Women's Army Corps (WAC), Navajo Code Talkers, and the Army Signal Corps.

5. Explain the causes and effects of the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II, as well as the decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) and The Civil Liberties Act of 1988.

6. Explain how the U.S. government managed the war effort on the home front, including campaigns to conserve food and fuel, sale of war bonds, and coordination of wartime production.

7. Explain the role of military intelligence, technology, and strategy during World War II including cryptology, the Manhattan Project, island hopping and describe major battles of Midway, Normandy, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and Battle of the Bulge.

8. Describe the roles of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and the United States'critical role in the Allied victory.

9. Analyze the decision for and effects of dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

10. Explain the use of violence and mass murder as demonstrated by the Nanjing Massacre, the Holodomor, the Holocaust, and the Bataan Death March and the treatment of U.S. prisoners of war.

11. Analyze the Holocaust, including the suspension of basic civil rights by the Third Reich, concentration camp system, anti-Semitism, persecution of Jews and non-Jews, Jewish and non-Jewish resistance, the role played by the United States in liberating Nazi concentration camps, immigration of Holocaust survivors, and the Nuremberg trials.

12. Describe the establishment of the United Nations, and its role in global affairs after World War II.

P. Analyze causes, major events, and key leaders of the civil rights movement.

1. Analyze the origins and goals of the civil rights movement, the effects of segregation (de jure and de facto), and efforts to desegregate schools, transportation, and public places.

2. Analyze how the ideas, work, and life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. influenced civil rights movements in the United States, including civil disobedience, service with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), writings such as his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" and "I Have a Dream" speech, and his assassination.

3. Explain how key individuals and groups contributed to the expansion of civil rights in the United States, including A. Philip Randolph, Jackie Robinson, Rosa Parks, Medgar Evers, Ruby Bridges, Shirley Chisholm, John Lewis, Malcolm X, and Thurgood Marshall.

4. Analyze the role and importance of key events during the civil rights movement, including the murder of Emmett Till, Baton Rouge Bus Boycott, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Little Rock Central High School desegregation, Greensboro Sit-Ins, Freedom Rides, demonstrations in Birmingham, 1963 March on Washington, Freedom Summer, and Selma to Montgomery Marches.

5. Analyze the role of the federal government in advancing civil rights, including Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

6. Analyze the goals and outcomes of the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the changing relationship between Native Americans and the federal government, including before and after the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act.

7. Analyze the goals and course of the women's rights movement of the mid- to late twentieth century, with attention to House Resolution 5056, Equal Pay Act, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments, Equal Rights Amendment, and the advancement of women in government and various professions.

Q. Explain major events and developments of the postWorld War II era in the United States and its continued rise as a world power.

1. Explain the causes and effects of the Marshall Plan and the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

2. Analyze domestic policies of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidential administration including the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956.

3. Compare ideas of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, including the strengths of American principles such as rights, equality of opportunity, and liberty, and equal protection under the law.

4. Describe the role of key leaders of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, including Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev.

5. Analyze the causes, course of, and consequences of the Cold War and its related crises and conflicts, including the Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs Invasion, Vietnam War, and Miracle on Ice.

6. Explain the role of technology in the Cold War, including the Space Race, Sputnik, and Apollo 13 mission.

7. Analyze the effects of the campaign, election, inaugural address, presidency, and assassination of John F. Kennedy.

8. Analyze the role of Lyndon B. Johnson in the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War.

9. Explain the term "silent majority" in the context of Richard Nixon's presidency, the Watergate scandal, his efforts to open trade with China, and his resignation.

10. Explain the outcome and consequences of key Supreme Court decisions in the late 20th century, including Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Miranda v. Arizona (1966), and Roe v. Wade (1973).

11. Explain factors that led to the end of the Cold War, the fall of communism, and the collapse of the Soviet Union, including foreign policy pressures; Reagan's "Tear Down this Wall" speech, the fall of the Berlin Wall; glasnost and perestroika, and the decline of communism.

12. Explain how the failure of the communist economic and political policy, American foreign policy pressure, and the assertion of American principles such as rights, equality, and liberty, led to the end of the Cold War.

R. Explain major U.S. events and developments in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

1. Analyze Ronald Reagan's political career ("A Time for Choosing" speech) and key policies of his presidency (four pillars of Reaganomics reduce taxes, reduce Federal Spending, reduce government regulation, tighten the money supply).

2. Explain the effects of major issues and events of the late twentieth century, including the HIV/AIDS epidemic and disease perceptions, the war on drugs, and the space shuttle Challenger disaster.

3. Explain causes of the Gulf War, its major military leaders, and unity on the home-front.

4. Explain the causes and effects of domestic incidents, terrorism, and mass shootings, including the Ruby Ridge incident, Waco siege, Oklahoma City Bombing, and Columbine High School shooting.

5. Analyze the effects of advancements in technology and media during the mid- to late twentieth century, including the radio, television, and the internet.

6. Explain events leading up to the September 11th attacks, the attack on New York City, the attack on the Pentagon, Flight 93, President George W. Bush's speech from Barksdale Air Force Base, the lives lost, national unity in the aftermath, subsequent military operations, and the expansion of intelligence agencies.

7. Compare the judicial philosophies of Supreme Court justices of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including those of Antonin Scalia and Ruth Bader Ginsberg.

8. Analyze the presidential administrations of George H.W. Bush (Gulf War), Bill Clinton (influence of the Contract with America on the legislative agenda, involvement in Bosnia), and George W. Bush (September 11th).

9. Explain important issues of the 2008 presidential election and the significance of the election of Barack Obama.

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 17.6, R.S. 17:24.4, and R.S. 17:154.

Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Louisiana may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.