Louisiana Administrative Code
Title 28 - EDUCATION
Part CXXI - Bulletin 1964-Louisiana Content Standards, Benchmarks, and Grade Level Expectations for Social Studies
Chapter 21 - High School-Civics
Section CXXI-2103 - Standards

Universal Citation: LA Admin Code CXXI-2103

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, September 20, 2024

A. Evaluate continuity and change in U.S. government, politics, and civic issues throughout U.S. history, including those related to the powers of government, interpretations of founding documents, voting trends, citizenship, civil liberties, and civil rights.

B. Analyze causes and effects of events and developments in U.S. history, including those that influenced laws, processes, and civic participation.

C. Compare and contrast events and developments in U.S. history and government.

D. Explain connections between ideas, events, and developments related to U.S. history and government, and analyze recurring patterns, trends, and themes.

E. Use geographic representations, demographic data, and geospatial representations to analyze civic issues and government processes.

F. Use a variety of primary and secondary sources to:

1. analyze social studies content;

2. evaluate claims, counterclaims, and evidence;

3. compare and contrast multiple sources and accounts;

4. explain how the availability of sources affects historical interpretations.

G. Construct and express claims that are supported with relevant evidence from primary and/or secondary sources, social studies content knowledge, and clear reasoning and explanations to:

1. demonstrate an understanding of social studies content;

2. compare and contrast content and viewpoints;

3. analyze causes and effects;

4. evaluate counterclaims.

H. Analyze factors that influenced the Founding Fathers and the formation and development of the government of the United States.

1. Describe the purpose of government and competing ideas about the role of government in a society.

2. Compare different systems and structures of government, including constitutional republic and autocracy, direct democracy and representative democracy, presidential system and parliamentary system, unicameral and bicameral legislatures, and unitary, federal, and confederate systems.

3. Explain historical and philosophical factors that influenced the government of the United States, including Enlightenment philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as the Great Awakening.

4. Analyze the foundational documents and ideas of the United States government and its formation, including Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, Enlightenment philosophies, English Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence, the Articles of the Confederation, the Constitution of the United States of America, and the Federalist papers, and their role and importance in the origin and development of the nation.

5. Analyze the issues related to various debates, compromises, and plans surrounding the drafting and ratification of the 1789 Constitution of the United States.

6. Explain how the concept of natural rights that precede politics or government influenced the foundation and development of the United States.

7. Evaluate the fundamental principles and concepts of the U.S. government including Creator-endowed unalienable rights of the people, due process, equal justice under the law, equal protection, federalism, frequent and free elections in a representative government, individual responsibility; individual rights, limited government, private property rights, popular sovereignty, right to privacy, rule of law, the supremacy clause, and the separation of powers with checks and balances.

I. Analyze the structure, roles, responsibilities, powers, and functions of governments in the United States.

1. Compare and contrast the powers and responsibilities of local, state, tribal, (including Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana, the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians, and the Tunica -Biloxi Indian Tribe), and federal governments, and explain how each is financed, how they interact with each other, and how citizens interact with and within each of them.

2. Explain the structure and processes of the U.S. government as outlined in the U.S. Constitution, including the branches of government; federalism; how a bill becomes a law at the federal level; and the process for amending the U.S. Constitution.

3. Analyze the structure, powers, and functions of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government, including rules of operations of Congress; checks on the other branches of government; powers of the legislative branch such as those to make laws, declare war, tax and spend; and duties of representatives, senators, leadership (Speaker of the House, the Senate President Pro Tempore, majority and minority leaders, party whips), committees, and commissions.

4. Analyze the structure, powers, and functions of the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, including checks on other branches of government; powers of the executive branch such as those to carry out and enforce laws, issue executive orders, and conduct diplomacy with other nations; duties of the president, vice president, and Cabinet; presidential nominations, appointments, and confirmations; and the concept of the "bully pulpit."

5. Analyze the structure, powers, and functions of the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government, including checks on the other branches of government; powers of the judicial branch such as those to interpret laws and decide the constitutionality of laws; nomination and appointment process of federal judges, origin of judicial review; and significance of stare decisis.

6. Evaluate the reasoning for Supreme Court decisions and their political, social, and economic effects, including Marbury v. Madison (1803); McCulloch v. Maryland (1819); Gibbons v. Ogden (1824); Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831); Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857); Plessy v. Ferguson (1896); Schenck v. United States (1919); Korematsu v. United States (1944); Brown v. Board of Education (1954); Baker v. Carr (1962); Engel v. Vitale (1962); Gideon v. Wainwright (1963); Miranda v. Arizona (1966); Loving v. Virginia (1967); Tinker v. Des Moines (1969); New York Times Co. v. United States (1971); Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972); Roe v. Wade (1973); United States v. Nixon (1974); Shaw v. Reno (1993); United States v. Lopez (1995); Bush v. Gore (2000); McDonald v. Chicago (2010); Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010).

7. Analyze how the Constitution has been interpreted and applied over time by the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, including loose and strict constructionist interpretations.

8. Analyze how federal, state, and local governments generate and allocate revenues to carry out the functions of government.

9. Analyze continuity and change in the Louisiana State Constitution over time, and compare and contrast the Louisiana State Constitutions and the U.S. Constitution.

10. Explain the historical connections between Civil Law, the Napoleonic Code, and Louisiana's system of laws.

J. Evaluate how civil rights and civil liberties in the United States have developed and been protected by the U.S. government over time.

1. Explain how the U.S. Constitution protects individual liberties and rights.

2. Analyze the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights and their application to historical and current issues.

3. Evaluate restrictions and expansions of civil liberties and civil rights in the United States and the role of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the government in related events and developments over time, including the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments; Plessy v. Ferguson (1896); the Espionage and Sedition Acts; Schenck v. United States (1919); the Nineteenth Amendment; Executive Order 9066; Executive Order 10730; Brown v. Board of Education (1954); the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the Voting Rights Act of 1965; the Twenty-Fourth Amendment; and Twenty-Sixth Amendment.

4. Describe equal protection and due process as defined by the U.S. Constitution, and explain how states subverted equal protection during the Jim Crow era.

K. Analyze political processes and the role of public participation in the United States.

1. Analyze the duties and responsibilities of citizens in the United States, including paying taxes, serving on a jury, obeying the law, voting, and running for elected office.

2. Describe U.S. citizenship requirements and the naturalization process in the United States.

3. Explain historical and contemporary roles of political parties, special interest groups, lobbies/lobbyists, and associations in U.S. politics.

4. Explain rules governing campaign finance and spending and their effects on the outcomes of local, state, and federal elections.

5. Explain election processes at the local, state, and federal levels, including qualifications and procedures for voting; qualifications and terms for offices; the primary system; public hearings and forums; petition, initiative, referendum, and recall; and amendments related to elections and voting.

6. Evaluate the purpose, structure, and function of the Electoral College, including how it aims to ensure representation for less populated states.

7. Analyze issues and challenges of the election process, including gerrymandering; at-large voting; voter turnout; and voter access policies.

8. Evaluate how the media affects politics and public opinion, including how public officials use the media to communicate with the people.

9. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of technologies in politics and government and how they affect media, civic discourse, and the credibility of sources.

10. Evaluate the processes for drawing Louisiana's congressional districts and their effect on statewide and national elections.

11. Describe local and parish governments in Louisiana, including police juries and home rule charters.

L. Analyze the issues of foreign and domestic policy of the United States.

1. Distinguish between foreign and domestic policies, and analyze major U.S. foreign and domestic policies, including those in education; health care; immigration; naturalization; regulation of business and industry; foreign aid; and intervention abroad.

2. Analyze the development, implementation, and consequences of U.S. foreign and domestic policies over time, including how U.S. policies are influenced by other countries and how they influence political debates.

3. Analyze interactions between the United States and other nations over time and effects of those interactions.

4. Explain the origins and purpose of international organizations and agreements, including the United Nations, NATO, and NAFTA; and analyze how the United States and member nations work to cooperate politically and economically.

5. Describe the development of and challenges to international law after World War II and the Holocaust.

M. Explain elements of the United States economy within a global context and economic principles required to make sound financial decisions.

1. Explain ideas presented in Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations," including his ideas about free markets and the "invisible hand."

2. Compare and contrast capitalism and socialism as economic systems.

3. Describe different perspectives on the role of government regulation in the economy.

4. Analyze the role of government institutions in developing and implementing economic policies, and explain the effects of government policies on market outcomes, including both intended and unintended consequences.

5. Explain the factors that influence the production and distribution of goods by individuals and businesses operating in a market system, including monopolistic competition, perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly; credit; currencies; economic indicators; factors of production (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship); goods and services; price; roles of consumers and producers; rule of law; and supply and demand.

6. Explain ways in which competition, free enterprise, and government regulation influence what is produced and allocated in an economy, including national and global consequences.

7. Explain the effects of specialization and trade on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services for individuals, businesses, and societies.

N. Apply economic principles to make sound personal financial decisions, including in regards to income, money management, spending and credit, and savings and investing.

1. Explain the relationship between education, training, and career options to future earning potential.

2. Apply given financial data to real life situations such as balancing a checking account, reading bank and credit card statements, purchasing major goods, and avoiding consumer fraud.

3. Explain the benefits and risks of using credit and examine the various uses.

4. Compare types of credit, savings, investment, and insurance services available to the consumer from various institutions.

5. Create a budget and explain its importance in achieving personal financial goals and avoiding negative financial consequences.

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 17.6, R.S. 17:24.4, and R.S. 17:154.

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