Louisiana Administrative Code
Title 28 - EDUCATION
Part CXLI - Bulletin 127-LEAP Alternate Assessment, Level 1 (LPAA 1) Extended Standards
Chapter 3 - English Language Arts
Subchapter A - General
Section CXLI-303 - Definitions
Affix - a letter or group of letters attached to the beginning and/or end of a root word that changes its meaning or function, such as the prefix un- and the suffix -er (e.g., unknown; teacher).
Climax-in a story or play, the turning point or highest point of interest in the action of the plot. (See Plot Sequence.)
Connotative -t he emotional, implied, or suggested meaning attached to a word that goes beyond its literal meaning.
Deductive Reasoning-the process of logical reasoning that proceeds from the more general to the more specific; reasoning from whole to parts.
Denotative-the literal meaning or dictionary definition of a word.
Dialect-the social or regional variation of a language as it differs from the standard language.
Etymology-the study of words-their origins, history, and meanings.
Fiction-literary writing whose content comes from the imagination and is not necessarily based on fact but is designed to entertain; specifically, a type of literature, especially prose (novels, short stories, and forms of folklore).
Foreshadowing-the technique of arranging events and information in a narrative so that later events are set up beforehand.
Graphic Organizer-a representation of information in forms such as maps, charts, graphs (including pie charts and bar graphs), or tables, which visually organize information to identify patterns and relationships.
Homonym-one of two or more words that have the same sound and often the same spelling but that differ in meaning, such as bay (a body of water) and bay (part of a window).
Idiom-a verbal expression that does not mean what it literally says and which may not be understood without local knowledge of the given language. For example: you're barking up the wrong tree is the equivalent to arriving at the wrong conclusion.
Inference-process of drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment based on prior conclusions or evidence but without direct observation.
Irony-a literary technique for implying, through words, plot, or character development, that the actual comments or situation is quite different from what is asserted. The author's use of tone, exaggeration, or understatement often suggests the opposite of the literal meaning of the words used.
Literary Devices-rhetorical elements (such as metaphor, foreshadowing, flashback, allusion, symbolism, irony, hyperbole, etc.) used to create a desired mood or tone in a piece of writing.
Metaphor-a figure of speech that makes an implied comparison between two things, such as, her hair is coal black.
Mood-the emotional state expressed in a literary work.
Nonfiction-a genre of writing designed to explain, argue, or describe a real event rather than to tell an invented story. A type of prose other than fiction but including biography and autobiography.
Personification-a metaphorical figure of speech in which nonhumans (plants, animals, objects, or concepts) are given human qualities (e.g., The dish ran away with the spoon.).
Phonemic Awareness-an understanding of the sounds (phonemes) that make up syllables and spoken words.
Phonics-the application of sound-symbol relationships to read and write words.
Plot Sequence-the structure of the actions of a narrative or drama. The classic plot sequence is as follows:
1. exposition;
2. rising action;
3. climax; and
4. falling action leading to resolution.
Prefix-an affix (a letter or group of letters) that comes before a base or root word, such as re at the start of reheat.
Resolution-the part of a story following the climax in which the conflict is resolved.
Rising Action-the part of a story in which the plot becomes increasingly complicated and introduces the conflict. Rising action generally leads to the climax of the story.
Simile-a comparison of two things that is apparently dissimilar, usually using the words like or as, for example: feet as cold as ice.
Story Elements-typical components that make up a story's structure and can be discussed individually, such as plot, characters, setting, theme, conflict, and outcome.
Style-an author's distinctive manner of using language that suits his or her ideas and purpose in writing. An author's style often reflects his or her personality and beliefs and appears through each writer's characteristic ways of arranging ideas and use of diction, sentence structures, rhythm, figures of speech, and other elements of composition.
Suffix-an affix (a letter or group of letters) that comes at the end of a base or root word that changes the meaning or grammatical function of the word, such as -s at the end of teachers or asks.
Symbol and Symbolism-
Symbol-a word or a set of words that signifies an object or event which itself signifies something else. Scales, for example, symbolize justice; a dove, peace; the lion, strength and courage.
Symbolism-the use of a concrete image to express an emotion or an abstract idea, such as the white whale representing the concept of evil in Moby Dick.
Theme-a main idea or central idea that may be stated directly or indirectly. A theme may be profound, difficult to understand, or even moralistic. Generally a theme can be extracted as the reader explores a text.
Thesis Statement-the main point or argument of which an author or speaker tries to convince an audience through writing or speech.
Tone-the reflections of an author's attitude toward the topic and the audience as suggested by his or her word choices and stylistic efforts, for example, using a formal or informal tone. The tone of a text may also indicate the message or reaction that an author hopes for from the audience.
Visual Texts-information conveyed with images, or with meaningful patterns or sequences. Visual texts range from diagrams to documentaries. Other examples include tables, flowcharts, storyboards, picture glossaries, maps, and movies.
AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 17:24.4.
