Louisiana Administrative Code
Title 28 - EDUCATION
Part CLXXI - Bulletin 745-Louisiana Teaching Authorizations of School Personnel
Chapter 13 - Grade 5
Section CLXXI-1305 - Number and Operations-Fractions

Universal Citation: LA Admin Code CLXXI-1305

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, September 20, 2024

A. Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (including mixed numbers) by replacing given fractions with equivalent fractions in such a way as to produce an equivalent sum or difference of fractions with like denominators.

Example: 2/3 + 5/4=8/12 + 15/12=23/12. In general, a/b + c/d=(ad + bc)/bd.

B. Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions.

1. Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions referring to the same whole, including cases of unlike denominators, e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem.

2. Use benchmark fractions and number sense of fractions to estimate mentally and justify the reasonableness of answers.

Example: Recognize an incorrect result 2/5 + 1/2=3/7, by observing that 3/7 < 1/2.

C. Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator (a/b=a / b). Solve word problems involving division of whole numbers leading to answers in the form of fractions or mixed numbers, e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem.

Example: Interpret 3/4 as the result of dividing 3 by 4, noting that 3/4 multiplied by 4 equals 3, and that when 3 wholes are shared equally among 4 people each person has a share of size 3/4. If 9 people want to share a 50-pound sack of rice equally by weight, how many pounds of rice should each person get? Between what two whole numbers does your answer lie?

D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

1. Interpret the product (m/n) x q as m parts of a partition of q into n equal parts; equivalently, as the result of a sequence of operations, m x q / n.

Example: Use a visual fraction model to show understanding, and create a story context for (m/n) x q.

2. Construct a model to develop understanding of the concept of multiplying two fractions and create a story context for the equation. (In general, (m/n) x (c/d)=(mc)/(nd))

3. Find the area of a rectangle with fractional side lengths by tiling it with unit squares of the appropriate unit fraction side lengths, and show that the area is the same as would be found by multiplying the side lengths.

4. Multiply fractional side lengths to find areas of rectangles, and represent fraction products as rectangular areas.

E. Interpret multiplication as scaling (resizing), by:

1. comparing the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication;

2. explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than 1 results in a product greater than the given number (recognizing multiplication by whole numbers greater than 1 as a familiar case);

3. explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than 1 results in a product smaller than the given number; and

4. relating the principle of fraction equivalence a/b=(n x a)/(n x b) to the effect of multiplying a/b by 1.

F. Solve real-world problems involving multiplication of fractions and mixed numbers, e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem.

G. Apply and extend previous understandings of division to divide unit fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by unit fractions.

1. Interpret division of a unit fraction by a non-zero whole number, and compute such quotients.

Example: Create a story context for (1/3) / 4, and use a visual fraction model to show the quotient. Use the relationship between multiplication and division to explain that (1/3) / 4=1/12 because (1/12) x 4=1/3.

2. Interpret division of a whole number by a unit fraction, and compute such quotients.

Example: Create a story context for 4 / (1/5), and use a visual fraction model to show the quotient. Use the relationship between multiplication and division to explain that 4 / (1/5)=20 because 20 x (1/5)=4.

3. Solve real-world problems involving division of unit fractions by non-zero whole numbers and division of whole numbers by unit fractions, e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem.

Example: How much chocolate will each person get if 3 people share 1/2 lb of chocolate equally? How many 1/3-cup servings are in 2 cups of raisins?)

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 17.6, R.S. 17:24.4, and R.S. 17:154.

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