Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, March 1, 2024
RELATES TO:
KRS
224.20-100,
224.20-110,
224.20-120,
42 U.S.C.
7401 et seq., 7407, 7408, 7410
NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY:
KRS
224.10-100 requires the Environmental and
Public Protection Cabinet to prescribe administrative regulations for the
prevention, abatement, and control of air pollution.
42
U.S.C. 7410 likewise requires the state to
implement standards for national primary and secondary ambient air quality.
This administrative regulation provides for the control of emissions from
existing storage vessels for petroleum liquids.
Section 1. Definitions. As used in this
administrative regulation, all terms not defined in this section shall have the
meaning given them in
401 KAR
61:001.
(1)
"Affected facility" means a storage vessel for petroleum liquids which has a
storage capacity of greater than 2,195 liters (580 gallons).
(2) "Storage vessel" means any tank,
reservoir, or container used for the storage of petroleum liquids, but does not
include:
(a) Pressure vessels which are
designed to operate in excess of fifteen (15) pounds per square inch gauge
without emissions to the atmosphere except under emergency
conditions;
(b) Subsurface caverns
or porous rock reservoirs; or
(c)
Underground tanks if the total volume of petroleum liquids added to and taken
from a tank annually does not exceed twice the volume of the
tank.
(3) "Petroleum
liquids" means crude petroleum, condensate, and any finished or intermediate
products manufactured in a petroleum refinery but does not mean Number 2
through Number 6 fuel oils, gas turbine fuel oils Numbers 2-GT through 4-GT, or
diesel fuel oils Numbers 2-D and 4-D as specified by the cabinet.
(4) "Petroleum refinery" means any facility
engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel
oils, lubricants, or other products through distillation of petroleum or
through redistillation, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum
derivatives.
(5) "Crude petroleum"
means a naturally occurring mixture which consists of hydrocarbons or sulfur,
nitrogen or oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons and which is a liquid at
standard conditions.
(6)
"Hydrocarbon" means any organic compound consisting predominantly of carbon and
hydrogen.
(7) "Condensate" means
hydrocarbon liquid separated from natural gas which condenses due to changes in
the temperature or pressure and remains liquid at standard
conditions.
(8) "True vapor
pressure" means the equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a petroleum liquid
as determined in accordance with methods specified by the cabinet.
(9) "Floating roof" means a storage vessel
cover consisting of a double deck, pontoon single deck, internal floating cover
or covered floating roof, which rests upon and is supported by the petroleum
liquid being contained and is equipped with a closure seal or seals to close
the space between the roof edge and tank wall.
(10) "Vapor recovery system" means a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting all hydrocarbon vapors and gases
discharged from the storage vessel and a vapor disposal system capable of
processing these hydrocarbon vapors and gases so as to prevent their emission
to the atmosphere.
(11) "Reid vapor
pressure" is the absolute vapor pressure of volatile crude oil and volatile
petroleum liquids, except liquefied petroleum gases, as determined by methods
specified by the cabinet.
(12)
"Submerged fill pipe" means any fill pipe the discharge of which is entirely
submerged when the liquid level is six (6) inches above the bottom of the tank;
or when applied to a tank which is loaded from the side, shall mean every fill
pipe the discharge opening of which is entirely submerged when the liquid level
is two (2) times the fill pipe diameter above the bottom of the tank.
(13) "Classification date" means April 9,
1972.
(14) "Custody transfer" means
the transfer of produced crude oil or condensate, after processing or treating
in the producing operations, from storage tanks or automatic transfer
facilities to pipelines or any other forms of transportation.
(15) "External floating roof" means a storage
vessel cover in an open top tank consisting of a double deck or pontoon single
deck which rests upon and is supported by the petroleum liquid being contained
and is equipped with closure seals to close the space between the roof edge and
tank shell.
(16) "Internal floating
roof" means a cover or roof in a fixed roof tank which rests upon or is floated
upon the petroleum liquid being contained, and is equipped with closure seals
to close the space between the roof edge and tank shell.
(17) "Liquid-mounted" means a primary seal
mounted so that the bottom of the seal covers the liquid surface between the
tank shell and the floating roof.
(18) "Vapor-mounted" means a primary seal
mounted so that there is an annular vapor space underneath the seal. The
annular vapor space is bounded by the bottom of the primary seal, the tank
shell, the liquid surface, and the floating roof.
Section 2. Applicability.
(1) This administrative regulation shall
apply to each affected facility commenced before the classification date
defined in Section 1 of this administrative regulation which is located in a
county or portion of a county which is designated ozone nonattainment, for any
nonattainment classification except marginal, under
401 KAR
51:010.
(2) This administrative regulation shall not
apply to storage vessels located on a farm and used exclusively for storing
petroleum liquids used by the farm.
Section 3. Standard for VOCs. The owner or
operator of any storage vessel to which this administrative regulation applies
shall store petroleum liquids as follows:
(1)
If the storage vessel has a storage capacity greater than 151,400 liters
(40,000 gallons) and if the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid, as
stored, is equal to or greater than seventy-eight (78) mm Hg (one and
five-tenths (1.5) psia) but not greater than 574 mm Hg (eleven and one-tenth
(11.1) psia) the storage vessel shall be equipped with a floating roof, a vapor
recovery system, or their equivalents.
(2) If the storage vessel has a storage
capacity greater than 151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) and if the true vapor
pressure of the petroleum liquid as stored is greater than 574 mm Hg (eleven
and one-tenth (11.1) psia), the storage vessel shall be equipped with a vapor
recovery system or its equivalent.
(3) If the storage vessel has a storage
capacity greater than 2,195 liters (580 gallons), and if the true vapor
pressure of the petroleum liquid, as stored, is equal to or greater than ten
and three-tenths (10.3) kilopascal (one and five-tenths (1.5) psia), as a
minimum it shall be equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe.
(4) If the storage vessel is an external
floating roof tank with a storage capacity greater than 151,400 liters (40,000
gallons), it shall be retrofitted with a continuous secondary seal extending
from the floating roof to the tank wall (a rim-mounted secondary seal) if:
(a) The tank is a welded tank, the true vapor
pressure of the contained liquid is twenty-seven and six-tenths (27.6)
kilopascal (four (4.0) psia) or greater, and the primary seal is one (1) of the
following:
1. A metallic-type shoe seal, a
liquid-mounted foam seal, or a liquid-mounted liquid-filled type seal;
or
2. Any other closure device
which can be demonstrated equivalent to the above primary seals.
(b) The tank is a riveted tank and
the true vapor pressure of the contained liquid is ten and three-tenths (10.3)
kilopascal (one and five-tenths (1.5) psia) or greater.
(c) The tank is a welded tank, the true vapor
pressure of the contained liquid is ten and three-tenths (10.3) kilopascal (one
and five-tenths (1.5) psia) or greater and the primary seal is vapor-mounted.
If this primary seal closure device can be demonstrated equivalent to the
primary seals described in paragraph (a) of this subsection, then the secondary
seal is required if the vapor pressure is twenty-seven and six-tenths (27.6)
kilopascal (four (4.0) psia) or greater.
Section 4. Operating Requirements.
(1) There shall be no visible holes, tears,
or other openings in the seal or any seal fabric.
(2) All openings, except stub drains, shall
be equipped with covers, lids, or seals so that:
(a) The cover, lid, or seal is in the closed
position at all times except during actual use;
(b) Automatic bleeder vents are closed at all
times, unless the roof is floated off or landed on the roof leg supports;
and
(c) Rim vents, if provided, are
set to open if the roof is being floated off the roof leg supports or at the
manufacturer's recommended setting.
(3) External floating roof tanks subject to
this administrative regulation shall meet the additional requirements:
(a) The seals shall be intact and uniformly
in place around the circumference of the floating roof between the floating
roof and the tank wall.
(b) The gap
area of gaps exceeding 0.32 cm (one-eighth (1/8) in) in width between the
secondary seal installed pursuant to Section 3(4)(a) of this administrative
regulation and the tank wall shall not exceed six and five-tenths (6.5) sq.
cm./0.3 m of tank diameter (one (1.0) sq. in/ft).
(c) All openings in the external floating
roof, except for automatic bleeder vents, rims space vents, and leg sleeves,
shall provide a projection below the liquid surface.
(d) Any emergency roof drain shall be
provided with a slotted membrane fabric cover or equivalent that covers at
least ninety (90) percent of the area of the opening.
Section 5. Monitoring of
Operations.
(1) If a liquid having a true
vapor pressure greater than seven (7.0) kPa (one (1.0) psia) is stored in an
external floating roof tank with a capacity of greater than 151,400 liters
(40,000 gallons) not equipped with a secondary seal or approved alternative
control technology, the owner or operator shall maintain a record of the
average monthly storage temperature, the type of liquid, and the Reid vapor
pressure of the liquid. The owner or operator shall retain the record for two
(2) years after the date on which the record was made.
(2) The true vapor pressure shall be
determined by using the average monthly storage temperature and typical Reid
vapor pressure of the contained liquid or from typical available data on the
contained liquid. Supporting analytical data shall be requested by the cabinet
if there is a question on the values reported.
Section 6. Compliance Timetable. The owner or
operator of an affected facility that becomes subject to this administrative
regulation on or after the effective date of this administrative regulation
shall be required to complete the following:
(1) A final control plan for achieving
compliance with this administrative regulation shall be submitted no later than
three (3) months after the date the affected facility becomes subject to this
administrative regulation.
(2) The
control device contract shall be awarded no later than five (5) months after
the date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative
regulation.
(3) On-site
construction or installation of emissions control equipment shall be initiated
no later than seven (7) months after the date the effected facility becomes
subject to this administrative regulation.
(4) On-site construction or installation of
emission control equipment shall be completed no later than eleven (11) months
after the date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative
regulation.
(5) Final compliance
shall be achieved no later than twelve (12) months after the date the affected
facility becomes subject to this administrative regulation.
(6) If an affected facility becomes subject
to this administrative regulation because it is located in a county previously
designated nonurban nonattainment or redesignated in
401 KAR
51:010 after November 15, 1990, final compliance may
be extended to May 31, 1995, and the schedule in paragraphs (a) through (d) of
this subsection adjusted by the cabinet.
Section 7. Exemptions. Any of the following
types of external floating roof tanks storing liquid petroleum shall be exempt
from Section 3(4) of this administrative regulation as follows:
(1) External floating roof tanks having
capacities less than 1,600,000 liters (422,000 gallons) used to store produced
crude oil in condensate prior to custody transfer.
(2) A metallic-type shoe seal in a welded
tank which has a secondary seal from the top of the shoe seal to the tank wall
(a shoe-mounted secondary seal).
(3) External floating roof tanks storing
waxy, heavy pour crudes.
(4)
External floating roof tanks with a closure or other devices which can be
demonstrated to the satisfaction of the cabinet to be equivalent to the seals
required in Section 3(4)(a) of this administrative regulation.
STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
KRS
224.10-100