Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, March 1, 2024
RELATES TO:
KRS
224.20-100,
224.20-110,
224.20-120,
40 C.F.R. 60 Appendix A (Method 24A),
42 U.S.C.
7401 et seq., 7407, 7408, 7410
NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY:
KRS
224.10-100 requires the Environmental and
Public Protection Cabinet to prescribe administrative regulations for the
prevention, abatement and control of air pollution.
42
USC 7410 likewise requires the state to
implement standards for national primary and secondary ambient air quality.
This administrative regulation provides for the control of volatile organic
compound emissions from new graphic arts facilities which use rotogravure and
flexography.
Section 1. Definitions.
As used in this administrative regulation, all terms not defined in this
section shall have the meaning given to them in
401 KAR
59:001.
(1) "Affected
facility" means a printing line for packaging rotogravure, specialty
rotogravure, and flexographic printing.
(2) "Applicator" means the mechanism or
device used to apply the ink.
(3)
"Flash-off area" means the space between the applicator and the oven.
(4) "Printing line" means a series of
equipment or operations used to apply, dry, or cure any inks containing
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This shall include, but is not limited to:
(a) Mixing operations;
(b) Process storage;
(c) Applicators;
(d) Drying operations including, but not
limited to, flash-off area evaporation, oven drying, baking, curing, and
polymerization;
(e) Clean up
operations;
(f) Leaks, spills and
disposal of VOCs;
(g) Processing
and handling of recovered VOCs;
(h)
For the purposes of determining compliance with this administrative regulation,
if any equipment or operation is considered to be a part of more than one (1)
printing line, its VOC emissions shall be assigned to each printing line of
which it is a part proportionally to the throughput of VOCs it receives from or
distributes to each printing line;
(i) If any portion of the series of equipment
or operations qualify for an exemption according to Section 6 of this
administrative regulation, then that portion shall be considered to be a
separate printing line;
(j) All
units in a machine which has both coating and printing units shall be
considered as performing a printing operation.
(5) "Process storage" means mixing tanks,
holding tanks, and other tanks, drums, or other containers which contain inks,
VOCs, or recovered VOCs; but does not mean storage tanks of petroleum liquid
which are subject to
401 KAR
59:050, 401 KAR 59:052, or
401 KAR
61:050.
(6) "Printing" means the formation of words,
designs and pictures, usually by a series of application rolls each with only
partial coverage. It applies to flexographic and rotogravure processes as
applied to specialty and packaging printing.
(7) "Coating" means the application of a
uniform layer of material across the entire width of a web.
(8) "Classification date" means February 4,
1981.
(9) "VOCs net input" means
the total amount of VOCs input to the affected facility minus the amount of
VOCs that are not emitted into the atmosphere. VOCs that are prevented from
being emitted to the atmosphere by the use of control devices shall not be
subtracted from the total for the purpose of determining VOCs net input. When
the nature of any operation or design of equipment permits more than one (1)
interpretation of this definition, the interpretation that results in the
minimum value for allowable emissions shall apply.
(10) "Packaging rotogravure printing" means
rotogravure printing upon paper, paper board, metal foil, plastic film, and
other substrates, which are, in subsequent operations, formed into packaging
products and labels for articles to be sold.
(11) "Publication rotogravure printing" means
rotogravure printing upon paper which is subsequently formed into books,
magazines, catalogs, brochures, directories, newspaper supplements, and other
types of printed materials.
(12)
"Flexographic printing" means the application of words, designs and pictures to
a substrate by means of a roll printing technique in which the pattern to be
applied is raised above the printing roll and the image carrier is made of
rubber or other elastomeric materials.
(13) "Rotogravure printing" means the
application of words, designs, and pictures to a substrate by means of a roll
printing technique which involves intaglio or recessed image areas in the form
of cells.
(14) "Roll printing"
means the application of words, designs and pictures to a substrate usually by
means of a series of hard rubber or steel rolls each with only partial
coverage.
(15) "Specialty
rotogravure printing" means all rotogravure printing except packaging
rotogravure and publication rotogravure printing. It includes, but is not
limited to, rotogravure printing on paper cups and plates, patterned gift wrap,
wallpaper and floor coverings.
Section
2. Applicability.
(1) This
administrative regulation shall apply to:
(a)
Each affected facility commenced on or after the classification date defined in
Section 1 of this administrative regulation and located in a county or portion
of a county designated as nonattainment for ozone in
401 KAR
51:010, for any classification except marginal;
and
(b) Each affected facility
commenced on or after June 24, 1992 which is part of a major source located in
a county or portion of a county designated attainment or marginal nonattainment
for ozone in
401 KAR
51:010.
(2) Each affected facility commenced on or
after the classification date defined in Section 1 of this administrative
regulation but prior to June 24, 1992 which is part of a major source located
in a county or portion of a county designated attainment or marginally
nonattainment for ozone in
401 KAR
51:010 shall be exempt from this administrative
regulation except that control devices and procedures required at the time it
commenced shall continue to be operated and maintained.
Section 3. Standard for VOCs.
(1) No person shall cause, allow, or permit
an affected facility for packaging rotogravure printing or specialty
rotogravure printing to discharge into the atmosphere more than thirty-five
(35) percent by weight of the VOCs net input into the affected
facility.
(2) No person shall
cause, allow, or permit an affected facility for flexographic printing to
discharge into the atmosphere more than forty (40) percent by weight of the
VOCs net input into the affected facility.
Section 4. Compliance.
(1) In all cases the design of any control
system shall be subject to approval by the department.
(2) Compliance with the standard in Section 3
of this administrative regulation shall be demonstrated by a material balance
unless the department determines that a material balance is not possible. If a
material balance is not possible, compliance shall be determined based upon an
engineering analysis by the cabinet of the control system design, control
device efficiency, control system capture efficiency, and any other factors
that may influence the performance of the system. If requested by the
department, performance tests specified by the department shall be conducted to
determine the efficiency of the control device. Capture efficiency shall be
determined by procedures specified in
401 KAR
50:047 in all ozone nonattainment areas except
marginal.
(3) With the prior
approval of the department, the owner or operator may elect to effect all
changes necessary to qualify for an exemption under Section 6 of this
administrative regulation.
(4) If
deemed necessary by the department, the department shall obtain samples of the
inks used at an affected facility to verify that the inks meet the requirements
in Section 6 of this administrative regulation. Appendix A to 40 C.F.R. 60,
Method 24A, which has been incorporated by reference in
401 KAR
50:015, shall be used as applicable to determine
compliance of the inks unless the department determines that other methods
would be more appropriate. Case-by-case alternatives approved by the cabinet,
but not previously authorized by the U.S. EPA, shall be submitted to the U.S.
EPA as a SIP revision.
(5) The
amount of exempt solvents shall be subtracted from the amount of inks, just
like water, with the ultimate value of interest being the mass of VOC per unit
volume of ink less exempt solvent or water or both.
(6) Daily records shall be maintained by the
source for the most recent two (2) year period. These records shall be made
available to the cabinet or the U.S. EPA upon request. These records shall
include, but not be limited to, the following:
(a) Applicable administrative regulation
number;
(b) Application method and
substrate type;
(c) Amount and type
of graphic arts material or solvent used at each point of application,
including exempt compounds;
(d) The
VOC content as applied in each graphic arts material or solvent;
(e) The date for each application for graphic
arts material or solvent;
(f) The
amount of surface preparation, cleanup, or washup solvent (including exempt
compounds) used and the VOC content of each; and
(g) Oven temperature, if
applicable.
Section
5. Compliance Timetable.
(1)
Affected facilities which were subject to this administrative regulation as in
effect on February 4, 1981, shall have achieved final compliance upon
start-up.
(2) The owner or operator
of an affected facility that, on or after June 24, 1992, becomes subject to
this administrative regulation for any reason other than construction,
modification, or reconstruction shall be required to complete the following:
(a) A final control plan for achieving
compliance with this administrative regulation shall be submitted no later than
nine (9) months after the date the affected facility becomes subject to this
administrative regulation.
(b) The
control system contract or the exempt coatings and any accompanying process
change contracts shall be awarded no later than eleven (11) months after the
date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative
regulation.
(c) On-site
construction or installation of emission control equipment or process changes
for exempt coatings shall be initiated no later than thirteen (13) months after
the date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative
regulation.
(d) On-site
construction or installation of emission control equipment or process changes
for exempt coatings shall be completed no later than seventeen (17) months
after the date the affected facility becomes subject to this administrative
regulation.
(e) Final compliance
shall be achieved no later than eighteen (18) months after the date the
affected facility becomes subject to this administrative regulation.
(f) If an affected facility becomes subject
to this administrative regulation because it is located in a county previously
designated nonurban nonattainment or redesignated in
401 KAR
51:010 after November 15, 1990, final compliance may
be extended to May 31, 1995, and the schedule in paragraphs (a) through (d) of
this subsection adjusted by the cabinet.
Section 6. Exemptions. Any affected facility
shall be exempt from Section 3 of this administrative regulation if the
printing systems:
(1) Utilize a waterborne
ink whose volatile portion consists of seventy-five (75) volume percent water
and twenty-five (25) volume percent organic solvent (or a lower VOC content) in
all printing units;
(2) Achieve a
seventy (70) volume percent overall reduction of solvent usage (compared to all
solvent-borne ink usage);
(3)
Utilize inks which, excluding water, contain sixty (60) percent or more by
volume nonvolatile material as applied to the substrate; or
(4) Utilize inks with an emission limit of
five-tenths (0.5) lb VOC/lb solids as delivered to the applicator.
STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
KRS
224.10-100