Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, March 1, 2024
RELATES TO:
KRS
224.20-100,
224.20-110,
224.20-120
NECESSITY, FUNCTION, AND CONFORMITY:
KRS
224.10-100 requires the Environmental and
Public Protection Cabinet to prescribe administrative regulations for the
prevention, abatement, and control of air pollution. This administrative
regulation provides for the control of emissions from new storage vessels for
petroleum liquids.
Section 1.
Applicability.
(1) The provisions of this
administrative regulation shall apply to each affected facility with a storage
capacity less than or equal to 151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) commenced on or
after the classification date defined in Section 2(12) of this administrative
regulation, and prior to July 24, 1984, and to each affected facility with a
storage capacity less than 40,000 liters (10,567 gallons) commenced on or after
July 24, 1984, which is located:
(a) In an
urban county designated nonattainment for ozone under
401 KAR
51:010; or
(b) In any other county and is a part of a
major source of volatile organic compounds.
(2) The provisions of this administrative
regulation shall apply to each affected facility with a storage capacity
greater than 151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) commenced on or after the
classification date defined in Section 2(12) of this administrative regulation
and prior to July 24, 1984.
(3) The
provisions of Sections 3(3) and (4), 4(3) and 6 of this administrative
regulation shall apply only to each affected facility with a storage capacity
greater than 151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) commenced on or after May 19, 1978
and prior to July 24, 1984.
Section
2. Definitions. As used in this administrative regulation, all
terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in
401 KAR
50:010.
(1)
"Affected facility" means a storage vessel for petroleum liquids which has a
storage capacity of greater than 2,195 liters (580 gallons).
(2) "Storage vessel" means each tank,
reservoir, or container used for the storage of petroleum liquids, but does not
include:
(a) Pressure vessels which are
designed to operate in excess of 204.9 kPa (fifteen (15) pounds per square inch
gauge) without emissions to the atmosphere except under emergency
conditions;
(b) Subsurface caverns
or porous rock reservoirs; or
(c)
Underground tanks if the total volume of petroleum liquids added to and taken
from a tank annually does not exceed twice the volume of the
tank.
(3) "Petroleum
liquids" means petroleum, condensate, and any finished or intermediate products
manufactured in a petroleum refinery but does not mean Number 2 through Number
6 fuel oils, gas turbine fuel oil Numbers 2-GT through 4-GT, or diesel fuel
oils Numbers 2-D and 4-D as specified by the cabinet.
(4) "Petroleum refinery" means each facility
engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel
oils, lubricants, or other products through distillation of petroleum or
through redistillation, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum
derivatives.
(5) "Petroleum" means
the crude oil removed from the earth and the oils derived from tar sands,
shale, and coal.
(6) "Condensate"
means hydrocarbon liquid separated from natural gas which condenses due to
changes in the temperature and/or pressure and remains liquid at standard
conditions.
(7) "True vapor
pressure" means the equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a petroleum liquid
as determined in accordance with methods specified by the cabinet.
(8) "Floating roof" means a storage vessel
cover consisting of a double deck, pontoon single deck, internal floating
cover, or covered floating roof, which rests upon and is supported by the
petroleum liquid being contained and is equipped with a closure seal or seals
to close the space between the roof edge and tank wall.
(9) "Vapor recovery system" means a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting all hydrocarbon vapors and gases
discharged from the storage vessel and a vapor disposal system capable of
processing such hydrocarbon vapors and gases so as to prevent their emission to
the atmosphere.
(10) "Reid vapor
pressure" is the absolute vapor pressure of volatile crude oil and volatile
petroleum liquids, except liquefied petroleum gases, as determined by methods
specified by the cabinet.
(11)
"Submerged fill pipe" means any fill pipe the discharge of which is entirely
submerged when the liquid level is six (6) inches above the bottom of the tank;
or when applied to a tank which is loaded from the side, shall mean every fill
pipe the discharge opening of which is entirely submerged when the liquid level
is two (2) times the fill pipe diameter above the bottom of the tank.
(12) "Classification date" means April 9,
1972.
(13) "Custody transfer" means
the transfer of produced petroleum and/or condensate, after processing and/or
treating in the producing operations, from storage tanks or automatic transfer
facilities to pipelines or any other forms of transportation.
(14) "External floating roof" means a storage
vessel cover in an open top tank consisting of a double deck or pontoon single
deck which rests upon and is supported by the petroleum liquid being contained
and is equipped with closure seals to close the space between the roof edge and
tank shell.
(15) "Internal floating
roof" means a cover or roof in a fixed roof tank which rests upon or is floated
upon the petroleum liquid being contained, and is equipped with closure seals
to close the space between the roof edge and tank shell.
(16) "Liquid-mounted seal" means a foam or
liquid-filled primary seal mounted in contact with the liquid between the tank
wall and the floating roof continuously around the circumference of the
tank.
(17) "Vapor-mounted seal"
means a foam-filled primary seal mounted continuously around the circumference
of the tank so there is an annular vapor space underneath the seal. The annular
vapor space is bounded by the bottom of the primary seal, the tank wall, the
liquid surface, and the floating roof.
(18) "Metallic shoe seal" includes but is not
limited to a metal sheet held vertically against the tank wall by springs or
weighted levers and is connected by braces to the floating roof. A flexible
coated fabric (envelope) spans the annular space between the metal sheet and
the floating roof.
(19) "kPa" means
kilopascal.
Section 3.
Standard for Volatile Organic Compounds.
(1)
The owner or operator of any storage vessel commenced on or after April 9, 1972
and prior to May 19, 1978 to which this administrative regulation applies shall
store petroleum liquids as follows:
(a) If the
storage vessel has a storage capacity greater than 151,400 liters (40,000
gallons) and if the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid, as stored, is
equal to or greater than seventy-eight (78) mm Hg (one and five-tenths (1.5)
psia) but not greater than 574 mm Hg (eleven and one-tenth (11.1) psia) the
storage vessel shall be equipped with a floating roof, a vapor recovery system,
or their equivalents. If the vessel is equipped with an external floating roof
the vessel shall be retrofitted and operated according to the provisions of
401 KAR
61:050, Sections 3(4), 4(3), 6(2) and 7 if the vessel
is located:
1. In an urban county designated
nonattainment for ozone under
401 KAR
51:010; or
2. In any other county which is designated
nonattainment or unclassified for ozone under
401 KAR
51:010 and is a part of a major source of volatile
organic compounds.
3. The
provisions of
401 KAR
61:050, Sections 3(4) and 4(3) shall not apply to
vessels located in the following counties: Garrard, Graves, Hopkins, Laurel,
Montgomery, Nelson, Pulaski, Scott, Taylor, Trigg, and Union prior to
designation of such counties nonattainment for ozone under
401 KAR
51:010.
(b) If the storage vessel has a storage
capacity greater than 151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) and if the true vapor
pressure of the petroleum liquid as stored is greater than 574 mm Hg (eleven
and one-tenth (11.1) psia), the storage vessel shall be equipped with a vapor
recovery system or its equivalent.
(2) The owner or operator of each storage
vessel commenced on or after April 9, 1972 to which this administrative
regulation applies shall store petroleum liquids as follows: If the storage
vessel has a storage capacity greater than 2,195 liters (580 gallons), and if
the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid, as stored, is equal to or
greater than ten and three-tenths (10.3) kPa (one and five-tenths (1.5) psia),
as a minimum it shall be equipped with a permanent submerged fill
pipe.
(3) The owner or operator of
each storage vessel commenced on or after May 19, 1978, and prior to July 24,
1984, with storage capacity greater than 151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) which
contains a petroleum liquid which, as stored, has a true vapor pressure equal
to or greater than ten and three-tenths (10.3) kPa (one and five-tenths (1.5)
psia) but not greater than seventy-six and six-tenths (76.6) kPa (eleven and
one-tenth (11.1) psia) shall equip the storage vessel with one (1) of the
following:
(a) An external floating roof,
consisting of a pontoon-type or double-deck-type cover that rests on the
surface of the liquid contents and is equipped with a closure device between
the tank wall and the roof edge. Except as provided in subparagraph 3 of this
paragraph, the closure device is to consist of two (2) seals, one (1) above the
other. The lower seal is referred to as the primary seal and the upper seal is
referred to as the secondary seal. Each seal is to meet the following
requirements:
1. The primary seal is to be
either a metallic shoe seal, a liquid-mounted seal, or a vapor-mounted
seal.
2. The secondary seal is to
be installed above the primary seal so that it completely covers the space
between the roof edge and the tank wall except as provided in Section 4(3)(c)
of this administrative regulation.
3. The owner or operator is exempted from the
requirements for secondary seals and the secondary seal gap criteria when
performing gap measurements or inspections of the primary seal.
(b) A fixed roof with an internal
floating type cover equipped with a continuous closure device between the tank
wall and the cover edge.
(c) A
vapor recovery system which collects all VOC vapors and gases discharged from
the storage vessel, and a vapor return or disposal system which is designed to
process such VOC vapors and gases so as to reduce their emission to the
atmosphere by at least ninety-five (95) percent by weight.
(d) A system equivalent to those described in
paragraphs (a) to (c) of this subsection as determined by the
cabinet.
(4) The owner or
operator of each storage vessel commenced on or after May 19, 1978, and prior
to July 24, 1984, with a storage capacity greater than 151,400 liters (40,000
gallons) which contains a petroleum liquid which, as stored, has a true vapor
pressure greater than seventy-six and six-tenths (76.6) kPa (eleven and
one-tenth (11.1) psia), shall equip the storage vessel with a vapor recovery
system which collects all VOC vapors and gases discharged from the storage
vessel, and a vapor return or disposal system which is designed to process such
VOC vapors and gases so as to reduce their emission to the atmosphere by at
least ninety-five (95) percent by weight.
Section 4. Operating Requirements.
(1) There shall be no visible holes, tears,
or other opening in the seal, any seal fabric, shoe, or seal
envelope.
(2) All openings, except
stub drains, automatic bleeder vents, rim space vents, and leg sleeves, shall
be equipped with covers, lids, or seals such that:
(a) The cover, lid, or seal is in the closed
position at all times (i.e., no visible gap) except when in actual use or as
described in subsection (3)(f) of this section;
(b) Automatic bleeder vents are closed at all
times except when the roof is floated off or landed on the roof leg supports;
and
(c) Rim vents, if provided, are
set to open when the roof is being floated off the roof leg supports or at the
manufacturer's recommended setting.
(3) External and internal floating roof tanks
commenced on or after May 19, 1978, and prior to July 24, 1984, shall meet the
additional requirements:
(a) The roof is to be
floating on the liquid at all times (i.e., off the roof leg supports) except
during initial fill and when the tank is completely emptied and subsequently
refilled. The process of emptying and refilling when the roof is resting on the
leg supports shall be continuous and shall be accomplished in the minimum time
necessary.
(b) For each primary
seal associated with an external floating roof tank the accumulated area of
gaps between the tank wall and the metallic shoe seal or the liquid-mounted
seal shall not exceed 212 sq cm/m (ten (10.0) sq in/ft) of tank diameter and
the width of any portion of any gap shall not exceed 3.81 cm (one and
five-tenths (1.5) in).
(c) For each
primary and each secondary seal associated with an external floating roof tank
the accumulated area of gaps between the tank wall and the vapor-mounted
primary seal or between the tank wall and the secondary seal used in
combination with a metallic shoe or liquid-mounted primary seal shall not
exceed twenty-one and two-tenths (21.2) sq cm/m (one and zero-tenths (1.0) sq
in/ft) of tank diameter and the width of any portion of any gap shall not
exceed 1.27 cm (one-half (1/2) in). There shall be no gaps between the tank
wall and the secondary seal used in combination with a vapor-mounted primary
seal.
(d) One (1) end of the
metallic shoe associated with an external floating roof tank shall extend into
the stored liquid and the other end shall extend a minimum vertical distance of
sixty-one (61) cm (twenty-four (24) in) above the stored liquid
surface.
(e) Each opening in the
roof except for automatic bleeder vents and rim space vents is to provide a
projection below the liquid surface.
(f) Each emergency roof drain associated with
an external floating roof tank is to be provided with a slotted membrane fabric
cover that covers at least ninety (90) percent of the area of the
opening.
Section
5. Monitoring of Operations.
(1)
The owner or operator of any storage vessel with a capacity of greater than
151,400 liters (40,000 gallons) to which this administrative regulation applies
shall maintain a record of the petroleum liquid stored, the period of storage,
and the maximum true vapor pressure of that liquid during the respective
storage period.
(2) Available data
on the typical Reid vapor pressure and the maximum expected storage
temperatures of the stored product may be used to determine the maximum true
vapor pressure as specified by the cabinet, unless the cabinet specifically
requests that the liquid be sampled, the actual storage temperature determined,
and the Reid vapor pressure determined from the sample(s).
(3) The true vapor pressure of each type of
crude oil with a Reid vapor pressure less than thirteen and eight-tenths (13.8)
kPa (two and zero-tenths (2.0) psia) or whose physical properties preclude
determination by the recommended method is to be determined from available data
and recorded if the estimated true vapor pressure is greater than six and
nine-tenths (6.9) kPa (one and zero-tenths (1.0) psia).
(4) The following are exempt from the
requirements of this section:
(a) Each owner
or operator of each storage vessel storing a petroleum liquid with a Reid vapor
pressure of less than six and nine-tenths (6.9) kPa (one and zero-tenths (1.0)
psia) provided the maximum true vapor pressure does not exceed six and
nine-tenths (6.9) kPa (one and zero-tenths (1.0) psia).
(b) Each owner or operator of each storage
vessel equipped with a vapor recovery and return or disposal system in
accordance with the requirements of Section 3(1)(a) and (b), (3)(c) and (4) of
this administrative regulation.
Section 6. Testing and Procedures. Compliance
with the requirements prescribed in Sections 3(3) and (4), and 4(3) of this
administrative regulation shall be determined as follows or in accordance with
an equivalent procedure as approved by the cabinet. The owner or operator of
each storage vessel to which this section applies which has an external
floating roof shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Determine the gap areas and maximum gap
widths between the primary seal and tank wall, and between the secondary seal
and the tank wall according to the following frequency:
(a) For primary seals, gap measurements shall
be performed within sixty (60) days of the initial fill with petroleum liquid
and at least once every five (5) years thereafter. All primary seal inspections
or gap measurements which require the removal or dislodging of the secondary
seal shall be accomplished in the minimum time necessary and the secondary seal
shall be replaced immediately.
(b)
For secondary seals, gap measurements shall be performed within sixty (60) days
of the initial fill with petroleum liquid and at least once every year
thereafter.
(c) If any storage
vessel is out of service for a period of one (1) year or more, subsequent
refilling with petroleum liquid shall be considered initial fill for the
purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this subsection.
(d) Keep records of each gap measurement at
the plant for a period of at last two (2) years following the date of
measurement. Each record shall identify the vessel on which the measurement was
performed and shall contain the date of the seal gap measurement, the raw data
obtained in the measurement process required by subsection (2) of this section,
and the calculation required by subsection (3) of this section.
(e) If either the seal gap calculated in
accord with subsection (3) of this section or the measured maximum sealed gap
exceeds the limitations specified by Section 4 of this administrative
regulation, a report shall be furnished to the secretary within sixty (60) days
of the date of measurements. The report shall identify the vessel and list each
reason why the vessel did not meet the specifications of Section 4 of this
administrative regulation. The report shall also describe the actions necessary
to bring the storage vessel into compliance with the specifications of Section
4 of this administrative regulation.
(2) Determine gap widths in the primary and
secondary seals individually by the following procedures:
(a) Measure seal gaps, if any, at one (1) or
more floating roof levels when the roof is floating off the roof leg
supports.
(b) Measure seal gaps
around the entire circumference of the tank in each place where a one-eighth
(1/8) inch diameter uniform probe passes freely (without forcing or binding
against seal) between the seal and tank wall and measure the circumferential
distance of each such location.
(c)
The total surface area of each gap described in paragraph (b) of this
subsection shall be determined by using probes of various widths to accurately
measure the actual distance from the tank wall to the seal and multiplying each
such width by its respective circumferential distance.
(3) Add the gap surface area of each gap
location for the primary seal and the secondary seal individually. Divide the
sum for each seal by the nominal diameter of the tank and compare each ratio to
the appropriate ratio in the standard in Section 4(3)(b) and (c) of this
administrative regulation.
(4)
Provide the cabinet thirty (30) days prior notice of the gap measurement to
afford the cabinet the opportunity to have an observer present.
STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
KRS
224.10-100