Section 3. Approved Instruction. Approved
instruction for hearing officers shall be the administrative hearings subjects
established by this section.
(1) Instruction
in the conduct of administrative hearings in each of the following areas:
(a) Administrative law and procedure. The
course shall cover the:
1. History, origin,
source, and limitations of agency authority to act;
2. Role of hearing officials;
3. Adjudicatory function as opposed to and
differentiated from the regulatory and enforcement functions of an agency;
and
4. Regulatory and enforcement
processes of agencies.
(b) Due process. The course shall cover the
fundamentals of constitutional due process concepts of adequate notice and a
reasonable opportunity to be heard, and shall emphasize constitutional
restrictions on notice and a hearing.
(c) Conduct and control of hearings. The
course shall cover the following items and include applicable documentary
samples:
1. The role of prehearing conferences
and discovery;
2. Opening a
hearing;
3. The conduct of a
hearing;
4. The order of
proof;
5. Marking and handling
exhibits;
6. Ruling on
objections;
7. Swearing in of
witnesses;
8. Proper demeanor,
dress, formality, and decorum;
9.
Making the hearing accessible to handicapped persons; and
10. Closing a hearing.
(d) Credibility. The course shall cover:
1. Judging demeanor and forthrightness of
witnesses, appearance and body language;
2. Sexual, racial and cultural bias, and
prejudice; and
3. Judging common
sense of answers, consistency, context and flow.
(e) Ethics. The course shall include:
1. The principles of:
a. Conflict of interest;
b. Ex parte contact;
2. Ethical standards to which hearing
officers, judges and lawyers are held; and
3. A review of the ethical code applicable to
hearing officers, judges and lawyers.
(f) Case file and docket management. The
course shall cover the principles of:
1. Case
file composition, handling, docketing and tracking;
2. Keeping exhibit and witness
lists;
3. Motion
practice;
4. Setting discovery
deadlines;
5.
Continuances;
6. Reviewing the
record, hearing decision time limitations and extensions thereof.
(g) Evidence in administrative
proceedings. The course shall include a review of the following items, and
applicable samples of documentary and testimonial evidence:
1. Competency;
2. Documentary evidence;
3. Demonstrative evidence;
4. Hearsay;
5. Privileges;
6. Work product rule;
7. Oaths and swearing;
8. Establishing a foundation;
9. Cumulative, proffered, and confidential
evidence;
10. Official
notice;
11. Handling evidence;
and
12. Standards and burdens of
proof applicable in administrative proceedings.
(h) Decision writing. The course shall cover
the following items and include written samples:
1. The function and purpose of the written
decision;
2. The basic
administrative decision format;
3.
How to differentiate between factual findings and legal conclusions;
4. How to identify and establish jurisdiction
over subject matter and parties;
5.
How to establish the procedural history;
6. How to use an appropriate format;
and
7. A review of writing style,
tone and organization.
(2) The course shall include training in the
application of KRS Chapter 13B, and shall consist of instruction in each of the
following areas:
(a) Conflict of interest. The
course shall cover conflicts of interest as addressed in
KRS
13B.040 including:
1. Who is governed;
2. What kind of contact is
prohibited;
3. Prohibited actions
or conduct, including serving as, or assisting or advising a hearing
officer;
4. The mechanics of
withdrawal;
5. Determination of who
is an investigator or prosecutor who acted in the same proceeding, or the
preadjudicative stage of an administrative hearing; and
6. The standard to be applied.
(b) Ex parte contact. The course
shall cover improper ex parte contact as defined in
KRS
13B.100 including:
1. The concept of "substantive" as opposed to
"procedural" inquiries and a determination of the "merits" of an administrative
action;
2. Who is prohibited from
making ex parte inquiries;
3. Under
what circumstances hearing officials and assistants may talk ex parte with
"parties" and other "interested persons";
4. Specific instruction on how to handle ex
parte contact, how to train support staff and the method required to document
ex parte contact in the record;
5.
Contacts by agency and outside counsel, contacts by the hearing officer and
contacts with the agency head or other agency personnel;
6. Case studies and written materials,
including ethical opinions from the Bar, relevant case decisions, and the
relevant judicial canons and rules of professional conduct applicable to judges
and attorneys.
(c)
Adequate notice. The course shall cover the contents and effect of the notice
of hearing required by
KRS
13B.050, including:
1. Scheduling and time limits;
2. Improper mailing;
3. Incomplete or improper notice content;
and
4. The effect of violation of
KRS
13B.050 and remedies therefore.
(d) Intervention. The course shall
cover intervention under
KRS
13B.060 and include sample petitions and
orders:
1. Mandatory and permissive
intervention;
2. Statutory rights
to intervention;
3. The standard
for permissive intervention;
4. The
procedure for petitioning to intervene;
5. Structuring the intervention;
and
6. Writing the order permitting
or denying intervention.
(e) Prehearing conferences and discovery. The
course shall cover the nature, scope and purpose of a prehearing conference
under
KRS
13B.070 including:
1. Its relation to settlement, alternative
dispute resolution, discovery and the hearing process;
2. Methods of managing and scheduling
prehearing conferences that will promote the orderly and prompt conduct of a
hearing, including the filing of motions, prehearing memorandums, witness and
exhibit lists, briefs, proposed findings, conclusions, and recommended
orders;
3. Discovery available
under
KRS
13B.050,
13B.080 and
13B.090;
4. Discovery orders and problems;
5. Issuance, quashing and enforcement of
subpoenas and the standards therefore;
6. The obligation to reveal documentary or
tangible evidence and exculpatory evidence in the agency's possession, and the
consequences of the failure to do so; and
7. Written samples of prehearing conference
orders, motions and subpoenas.
(f) Hearing procedures and compiling the
record. The course shall cover and include material relating to the following
items:
1. Methods to ensure the orderly and
prompt conduct of the hearing under
KRS
13B.080;
2. The obligation to have testimony given
under oath, and the swearing of witnesses;
3. Briefs;
4. Argument;
5. Testimony;
6. Marking and admission of
evidence;
7. Granting defaults, and
the procedures and standards for rendering defaults;
8. The meaning and composition of the record
under
KRS
13B.130; and
9. The method of compiling the record for
review, including submission in writing, and proffers of evidence.
(g) Findings and evidence. The
admissibility of hearsay and standards therefor. The course shall:
1. Cover the basic evidentiary standard for
all types of evidence;
2.
Constitutional, statutory grounds for exclusion and privileges recognized in
Kentucky law;
3. Ruling on and
memorializing objections; and
4.
Taking "official notice" of facts.
(h) The recommended order and writing for
judicial review. The course shall cover the following items and include samples
of written findings, conclusions and recommended orders:
1. The nature, scope, and function of
findings and conclusions under
KRS
13B.110;
2. The interrelation with evidentiary rulings
under
KRS
13B.050 and
13B.090;
3. Compilation of the record under
KRS
13B.130;
4. The standards for judicial review under
KRS
13B.150;
5. The obligation to base findings only upon
the evidence in the record, under
KRS
13B.090(1); and
6. Time limits, extensions, and the
consequences of the failure to file a recommended order within statutory time
periods.
(3)
Agency specific training. Instruction shall include agency specific training
that:
(a) Covers the specific federal and
state authorizing statutes and regulations under which a hearing officer will
conduct hearings; and
(b) Has been
approved by the agency head and the division.