Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 19, March 20, 2024
(1)
Purpose. This rule
establishes radiation safety requirements for using sources of radiation for
wireline service operations including mineral-logging, radioactive markers, and
subsurface tracer studies. The requirements of this rule are in addition to,
and not in substitution for, the requirements of 641-Chapters 38,39, and 40.
The requirements of
641-45.1
(136C) to
641-45.5
(136C) do not apply.
(2)
Scope. This rule applies to all licensees or registrants who
use sources of radiation for wireline service operations including
mineral-logging, radioactive markers, or subsurface tracer studies.
(3)
Definitions. For the
purpose of this subrule, the definitions of 641-Chapter 38 may also apply. As
used in this rule, the following definitions apply:
"Energy compensation source (ECS) " means a
small sealed source, with an activity not exceeding 3.7 MBq (100 microcuries),
used within a logging tool, or other tool components, to provide a reference
standard to maintain the tool's calibration when in use.
"Fresh water aquifer" means a geologic
formation that is capable of yielding fresh water to a well or spring.
"Injection tool" means a device used for
controlled subsurface injection of radioactive tracer material.
"Logging assistant" means any individual who,
under the direct supervision of a logging supervisor, handles sealed sources or
tracers that are not in logging tools or shipping containers or who performs
surveys required by 45.6(22).
"Logging supervisor " means the individual who
uses licensed material or provides direct supervision in the use of licensed
material at a temporary job site and who is responsible to the licensee for
ensuring compliance with the requirements of these rules and the conditions of
the license.
"Logging tool" means a device used subsurface
to perform well-logging.
"Personal supervision " means guidance and
instruction by the logging supervisor who is physically present at the
temporary job site, who is in personal contact with logging assistants, and who
can give immediate assistance.
"Radioactive marker " means licensed material
used for depth determination or direction orientation. For purposes of this
rule, this term includes radioactive collar markers and radioactive iron
nails.
"Safety review " means a periodic review on
radiation safety aspects of well-logging provided by the licensee for its
employees. The review may include, as appropriate, the results of internal
inspections, new procedures or equipment, accidents or errors that have been
observed, and opportunities for employees to ask safety questions.
"Source holder " means a housing or assembly
into which a sealed source is placed to facilitate the handling and use of the
source in well-logging operations.
"Subsurface tracer study " means the release
of unsealed licensed material or a substance labeled with licensed material in
a single well for the purpose of tracing the movement or position of the
material or substance in the well or adjacent formation.
"Surface casing " for protecting fresh water
aquifers means a pipe or tube used as a lining in a well to isolate fresh water
aquifers from the well.
"Temporary job site" means a place where
licensed materials are present for the purpose of performing well-logging or
subsurface tracer studies.
"Tritium neutron generator target source "
means a tritium source used within a neutron generator tube to produce neutrons
for use in well-logging applications.
"Uranium sinker bar " means a weight
containing depleted uranium used to pull a logging tool down toward the bottom
of a well.
"Well" means a drilled hole in which
well-logging may be performed. As used in this rule, "well" includes drilled
holes for the purpose of oil, gas, mineral, groundwater, or geological
exploration.
"Well-logging" means all operations involving
the lowering and raising of measuring devices or tools which may contain
licensed material or are used to detect licensed materials in wells for the
purpose of obtaining information about the well or adjacent formations and
which may be used in oil, gas, mineral, groundwater, or geological
exploration.
"Wireline" means a cable containing one or
more electrical conductors which is used to lower and raise logging tools in
the well-bore.
"Wireline service operation " means any
evaluation or mechanical service which is performed in the well-bore using
devices on a wireline.
(4)
Agreement with well owner or operator.
a. A licensee may perform well-logging with a
sealed source only after the licensee has a written agreement with the
employing well owner or operator. This written agreement must identify who will
meet the following requirements:
(1) If a
sealed source becomes lodged in the well, a reasonable effort will be made to
recover it;
(2) A person may not
attempt to recover a sealed source in a manner which, in the licensee's
opinion, could result in its rupture;
(3) The radiation monitoring required in
45.6(8) and 45.6(17) will be performed;
(4) If the environment, any equipment, or
personnel are contaminated with licensed material, they must be decontaminated
before release from the site or release for unrestricted use; and
(5) If the sealed source is classified as
irretrievable after reasonable efforts at recovery have been expended, the
following requirements must be implemented within 30 days:
1. Each irretrievable well-logging source
must be immobilized and sealed in place with a cement plug;
2. There must be a means to prevent
inadvertent intrusion on the source, unless the source is not accessible to any
subsequent drilling operations; and
3. A permanent identification plaque,
constructed of long-lasting material, such as stainless steel, brass, bronze,
or Monel, must be mounted at the surface of the well, unless the mounting of
the plaque is not practical. The size of the plaque must be at least 17 cm (7
inches) square and 3 mm (1/8-inch) thick. The plaque must contain:
* The word "Caution";
* The radiation symbol (the color requirement in 641-
40.60(136C) need not be met);
* The date the source was abandoned;
* The name of the well owner or well operator, as
appropriate;
* The well name and well identification number(s) or other
designation;
* An identification of the sealed source(s) by radionuclide and
quantity;
* The depth of the source and depth to the top of the plug;
and
* An appropriate warning such as, "Do not reenter this
well."
b. The licensee shall retain a copy of the
written agreement for three years after the completion of the well-logging
operation.
c. A licensee may apply,
pursuant to
641-38.3
(136C), for agency approval, on a case-by-case basis, of proposed procedures to
abandon an irretrievable well-logging source in a manner not otherwise
authorized in 45.6(26)"a"(5).
d. A written agreement between the licensee
and the well owner or operator is not required if the licensee and the well
owner or operator are part of the same corporate structure or otherwise
similarly affiliated. However, the licensee shall still otherwise meet the
requirements in 45.6(26)"a" (1) through (5).
(5)
Limits on levels of
radiation. Sources of radiation shall be used, stored, and transported
in such a manner that the transportation requirements of
641-39.5
(136C) and the dose limitation requirements of 641-Chapter 40 are
met.
(6)
Storage
precautions.
a. Each source of
radiation shall be provided with a storage or transport container. The
container shall be provided with a lock, or tamper seal for calibration
sources, to prevent unauthorized removal of, or exposure to, the source of
radiation.
b. Sources of radiation
shall be stored in a manner which will minimize danger from explosion or
fire.
(7)
Transport precautions. Transport containers shall be
physically secured to the transporting vehicle to prevent accidental loss,
tampering, or unauthorized removal.
(8)
Radiation survey
instruments.
a. The licensee or
registrant shall maintain sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey
instruments at each field station to make physical radiation surveys as
required by this subrule and by
641-40.36
(136C). Instrumentation shall be capable of measuring 0.1 milliroentgen (25.8
nanocoulombs/kg) per hour through at least 50 milliroentgens (12.9
microcoulombs/kg) per hour.
b. Each
radiation survey instrument shall be calibrated:
(1) At intervals not to exceed six months and
after each instrument servicing;
(2) For linear scale instruments, at two
points located approximately 1/3 and 2/3 of full-scale on each scale; for
logarithmic scale instruments, at midrange of each decade, and at two points of
at least one decade; and for digital instruments, at appropriate points;
and
(3) So that accuracy within 20
percent of the true radiation level can be demonstrated on each
scale.
c. Calibration
records shall be maintained for a period of two years for inspection by the
agency.
(9)
Leak
testing of sealed sources.
a.
Testing and record-keeping requirements. Each licensee using
sealed sources of radioactive material shall have the sources tested for
leakage periodically. Records of leak test results shall be kept in units of
microcuries (Bq) and maintained for three years after the leak test is
performed.
b.
Method of
testing. Tests for leakage shall be performed only by persons
specifically authorized to perform such tests by the NRC, an agreement state,
or a licensing state. The wipe of a sealed source must be performed using a
leak test kit or method approved by the NRC, an agreement state, or a licensing
state. The wipe sample must be taken from the nearest assessable point to the
sealed source where contamination might accumulate. The test sample shall be
analyzed for radioactive contamination, and the analysis shall be capable of
detecting the presence of 0.005 microcurie (185 Bq) of radioactive material on
the test sample.
c.
Interval of testing.
(1)
Each sealed source of radioactive material (except an energy compensation
source (ECS)) shall be tested at intervals not to exceed six months. In the
absence of a certificate from a transfer or indicating that a test has been
made six months prior to the transfer, the sealed source shall not be put into
use until tested. If, for any reason, it is suspected that a sealed source may
be leaking, it shall be removed from service immediately and tested for leakage
as soon as practical.
(2) Each ECS
that is not exempt from testing in accordance with 45.6(9)"c
"(1) must be tested at intervals not to exceed three years. In the absence of a
certificate from a transfer or that a test has been made within the three years
before the transfer, the ECS may not be used until tested.
d.
Leaking or contaminated
sources.
(1) If the test in
45.6(9)"c" reveals the presence of 0.005 microcurie (185 Bq)
or more of removable radioactive material, the licensee shall immediately
withdraw the source from use and shall cause it to be decontaminated, repaired,
or disposed of by an NRC, agreement state, or licensing state licensee that is
authorized to perform these functions. The licensee shall check the equipment
associated with the leaking source for radioactive contamination and, if
contaminated, have it decontaminated or disposed of by an NRC, agreement state,
or licensing state licensee that is authorized to perform these
functions.
(2) A report describing
the equipment involved, the test results, any contamination which resulted from
the leaking source, and the corrective action taken up to the time of the
report shall be filed with the agency within five days of receiving the test
results.
e.
Exemptions. The following sources are exempted from the
periodic leak test requirements of 45.6(9)"a" to
"d":
(1) Hydrogen-3 (tritium) sources;
(2) Sources of radioactive material with a
half-life of 30 days or less;
(3)
Sealed sources of radioactive material in gaseous form;
(4) Sources of beta- or gamma-emitting
radioactive material with an activity of 100 microcuries (3.7 MBq) or less;
and
(5) Sources of alpha- or
neutron-emitting radioactive material with an activity of 10 microcuries (0.370
MBq) or less.
(10)
Quarterly inventory.
Each licensee or registrant shall conduct a quarterly physical inventory to
account for all sources of radiation. Records of inventories shall be
maintained for two years from the date of the inventory for inspection by the
agency and shall include the quantities and kinds of sources of radiation, the
location where sources of radiation are assigned, the date of the inventory,
and the name of the individual conducting the inventory.
(11)
Utilization records.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain current records, which shall be kept
available for inspection by the agency for two years from the date of the
recorded event, showing the following information for each source of radiation:
a. Make, model number, and a serial number or
a description of each source of radiation used;
b. The identity of the well-logging
supervisor or field unit to whom assigned;
c. Locations where used and dates of use;
and
d. In the case of tracer
materials and radioactive markers, the utilization record shall indicate the
radionuclide and activity used in a particular well.
(12)
Design, performance, and
certification criteria for sealed sources used in well-logging
operations.
a. A licensee may use a
sealed source for use in well-logging applications if:
(1) The sealed source is doubly encapsulated
construction;
(2) The sealed source
contains chemical and physical forms that are as insoluble and nondispersible
as practical; and
(3) The sealed
source meets the requirements of 45.6(12)"b," "c,"
and"d."
b. For a sealed source manufactured on or
before July 14, 1989, a licensee may use the sealed source for use in
well-logging applications if it meets the requirements of USASI N5.10-1968,
"Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources," or the requirements in
45.6(12)"c" or"d."
c. For a sealed source manufactured after
July 14, 1989, a licensee may use the sealed source for well-logging
applications if it meets the oil-well-logging requirements of ANSI/HPS
N43.6-1997, "Sealed Radioactive Sources-Classification."
d. For a sealed source manufactured after
July 14, 1989, a licensee may use the sealed source for use in well-logging
applications if the sealed source's prototype has been tested and found to
maintain its integrity after each of the following tests.
(1) Temperature. The test source must be held
at -40 degrees C for 20 minutes, 600 degrees C for one hour, and then be
subject to a thermal shock test with a temperature drop from 600 degrees C
within 15 seconds.
(2) Impact test.
A 5 kg steel hammer, 2.5 cm in diameter, must be dropped from a height of 1 m
onto the test source.
(3) Vibration
test. The test source must be subject to a vibration from 25 Hz to 500 Hz at 5
g amplitude for 30 minutes.
(4)
Puncture test. A one gram hammer and pin, 0.3 cm pin diameter, must be dropped
from a height of 1 m onto the test source.
(5) Pressure test. The test source must be
subject to an external pressure of 1.695 x
107pascals (24,600 pounds per square inch
absolute).
e. The
requirements in 45.6(12)"a, " "b, " "c, "
and"d" do not apply to sealed sources that contain licensed
material in gaseous form.
f. The
requirements of 45.6(12) "a, ""b, " "c, "
and"d" do not apply to energy compensation sources (ECS). ECSs
must be registered with the NRC, licensing state, or agreement state.
(13)
Labeling.
a. Each source, source holder, or logging
tool containing radioactive material shall bear a durable, legible, and clearly
visible marking or label, which has, as a minimum, the standard radiation
caution symbol, without the conventional color requirement, and the following
wording:
DANGER
1
RADIOACTIVE
This labeling shall be on the smallest component transported as
a separate piece of equipment.
b. Each transport container shall have
permanently attached to it a durable, legible, and clearly visible label which
has, as a minimum, the standard radiation caution symbol and the following
wording:
DANGER
1
RADIOACTIVE
NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES
[OR NAME OF COMPANY]
(14)
Inspection and
maintenance.
a. Each licensee or
registrant shall conduct, at intervals not to exceed six months, a program of
inspection and maintenance of source holders, logging tools, source handling
tools, storage containers, transport containers, and injection tools to ensure
proper labeling and physical condition. Records of inspection and maintenance
shall be maintained for a period of two years for inspection by the
agency.
b. If any inspection
conducted pursuant to 45.6(14)"a " reveals damage to labeling
or components critical to radiation safety, the device shall be removed from
service until repairs have been made.
c. If a sealed source is stuck in the source
holder, the licensee shall not perform any operation, such as drilling,
cutting, or chiseling, on the source holder unless the licensee is specifically
approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, an agreement state, or a
licensing state to perform this operation.
d. The repair, opening, or modification of
any sealed source shall be performed only by persons specifically authorized to
do so by the agency, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, an agreement
state, or a licensing state.
(15)
Training requirements.
a. No licensee or registrant shall permit any
individual to act as a logging supervisor as defined in this rule until such
individual has:
(1) Received, in a course
recognized by the agency, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, an agreement
state, or a licensing state, instruction in the subjects outlined in Appendix E
of this chapter and demonstrated an understanding thereof;
(2) Read and received instruction in the
rules contained in this chapter and the applicable sections of 641-Chapters 38,
39, and 40 or their equivalent, conditions of appropriate license or
certificate of registration, and the licensee's or registrant's operating and
emergency procedures, and demonstrated an understanding thereof; and
(3) Demonstrated competence to use sources of
radiation, related handling tools, and radiation survey instruments which will
be used on the job.
b.
No licensee or registrant shall permit any individual to assist in the handling
of sources of radiation until such individual has:
(1) Read o r received instruction in the
licensee's or registrant's operating and emergency procedures and demonstrated
an understanding thereof; and
(2)
Demonstrated competence to use, under the direct supervision of the logging
supervisor, the sources of radiation, related handling tools, and radiation
survey instruments which will be used on the job.
c. The licensee or registrant shall maintain
employee training records for inspection by the agency for two years following
termination of the individual's employment.
(16)
Operating and emergency
procedures. Each licensee or registrant shall develop and follow
written operating and emergency procedures that cover:
a. The handling and use of sources of
radiation, including the use of sealed sources in wells without surface casing
for protecting fresh water aquifers, if appropriate;
1or CAUTION
b. The use of remote handling tools for
handling sealed sources and radioactive tracer material except low-activity
calibration sources;
c. Methods and
occasions for conducting radiation surveys, including surveys for detecting
contamination, as required by 45.6(22);
d. Minimizing personnel exposure, including
exposures from inhalation and ingestion of licensed tracer materials;
e. Methods and occasions for locking and
securing stored licensed or registered materials;
f. Personnel monitoring and the use of
personnel monitoring equipment;
g.
Transportation of licensed or registered materials to field stations or
temporary job sites, packaging of licensed or registered materials for
transport in vehicles, placarding of vehicles when needed, and physically
securing licensed materials in transport vehicles during transportation to
prevent accidental loss, tampering, or unauthorized removal;
h. Picking up, receiving, and opening
packages containing licensed or registered materials, in accordance with
641-40.65
(136C);
i. For the use of tracers,
decontamination of the environment, equipment, and personnel;
j. Maintenance of records generated by well
logging personnel at temporary job sites;
k. The inspection and maintenance of sealed
sources, source holders, logging tools, injection tools, source handling tools,
storage containers, transport containers, and uranium sinker bars as required
by 45.6(14);
l.. Identifying and
reporting defects and noncompliance;
m. Actions to be taken if a sealed source is
lodged in a well;
n. Notifying
proper persons in the event of an accident; and
o. Actions to be taken if a sealed source is
ruptured that include actions to prevent the spread of contamination and
minimize inhalation and ingestion of licensed materials and actions to obtain
suitable radiation survey instruments as required in 45.6(8).
(17)
Personnel
monitoring.
a. No licensee or
registrant shall permit any individual to act as a logging supervisor or to
assist in the handling of sources of radiation unless each such individual
wears, at all times during the handling of licensed radioactive materials, a
film badge, OSL device or thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) that is processed
and evaluated by an accredited National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation
Program (NVLAP). Each film badge, OSL device or TLD shall be assigned to and
worn by only one individual. Film badges must be replaced at least monthly and
OSL devices and TLDs replaced at least quarterly. After replacement, each film
badge, OSL device or TLD must be promptly processed.
b. The licensee shall provide bioassay
services to individuals using licensed materials in subsurface tracer studies
if required by the license.
c.
Personnel monitoring records and bioassay results shall be maintained for
inspection until the agency authorizes disposition.
(18)
Security. During each
logging or tracer application, the logging supervisor or other designated
employee shall maintain direct surveillance of the operation to protect against
unauthorized or unnecessary entry into a restricted area, as defined in
641-Chapter 38.
(19)
Handling tools. The licensee shall provide and require the use
of tools that will ensure remote handling of sealed sources other than low
activity calibration sources.
(20)
Subsurface tracer studies.
a. Protective gloves and other appropriate
protective clothing and equipment shall be used by all personnel handling
radioactive tracer material. Precautions shall be taken to avoid ingestion or
inhalation of radioactive material.
b. No licensee shall cause the injection of
radioactive material into potable aquifers without prior written authorization
from the agency and any other appropriate state agency.
(21)
Particle accelerators.
No licensee or registrant shall permit aboveground testing of particle
accelerators, designed for use in well-logging, which results in the production
of radiation, except in areas or facilities so controlled or shielded that the
requirements of
641-40.15
(136C) and
641-40.26
(136C), as applicable, are met.
(22)
Radiation surveys.
a. Radiation surveys or calculations shall be
made and recorded for each area where radioactive materials are used and
stored.
b. Radiation surveys shall
be made and recorded for the radiation levels in occupied positions and on the
exterior of each vehicle used to transport radioactive material. Such surveys
shall include each source of radiation or combination of sources to be
transported in the vehicle.
c. If
the sealed source assembly is removed from the logging tool before departing
the job site, the logging tool detector shall be energized, or a survey meter
used, to ensure that the logging tool is free of contamination.
d. Radiation surveys shall be made and
recorded at the job site or wellhead for each tracer operation, except those
using hydrogen-3, carbon-14, and sulfur-35. These surveys shall include
measurements of radiation levels before and after the operation.
e. Records required pursuant to 45.6(22)"a"
to"d" shall include the dates, the identification of
individual(s) making the survey, the identification of survey instrument(s)
used, and an exact description of the location of the survey. Records of these
surveys shall be maintained for inspection by the agency for two years after
completion of the survey.
(23)
Documents and records required
at field stations. Each licensee or registrant shall maintain, for
inspection by the agency, the following documents and records for the specific
devices and sources used at the field station:
a. Appropriate license, certificate of
registration, or equivalent document(s);
b. Operating and emergency
procedures;
c. Applicable
regulations;
d. Records of the
latest survey instrument calibrations pursuant to 45.6(8);
e. Records of the latest leak test results
pursuant to 45.6(9);
f. Records of
quarterly inventories required pursuant to 45.6(10);
g. Utilization records required pursuant to
45.6(11);
h. Records of inspection
and maintenance required pursuant to 45.6(14);
i. Survey records required pursuant to
45.6(22); and
j. Training records
required pursuant to 45.6(15).
(24)
Documents and records required
at temporary job sites. Each licensee or registrant conducting
operations at a temporary job site shall have the following documents and
records available at that site for inspection by the agency:
a. Operating and emergency
procedures;
b. Survey records
required pursuant to 45.6(22) for the period of operation at the
site;
c. Evidence of current
calibration for the radiation survey instruments in use at the site;
d. When operating in the state under
reciprocity, a copy of the appropriate license, certificate of registration, or
equivalent document(s); and
e.
Shipping papers for the transportation of radioactive material.
(25)
Notification of
incidents, abandonment, and lost sources.
a. Notification of incidents and sources lost
in other than downhole logging operations shall be made in accordance with
appropriate provisions of 641-Chapter 40.
b. Whenever a sealed source or device
containing radioactive material is lodged downhole, the licensee shall:
(1) Monitor at the surface for the presence
of radioactive contamination with a radiation survey instrument or logging tool
during logging tool recovery operations; and
(2) Notify the agency immediately by
telephone and subsequently, within 3 0 days, by confirmatory letter if the
licensee knows or has reason to believe that a sealed source has been ruptured.
This letter shall identify the well or other location, describe the magnitude
and extent of the escape of radioactive material, assess the consequences of
the rupture, and explain efforts planned or being taken to mitigate these
consequences.
c. When it
becomes apparent that efforts to recover the radioactive source will not be
successful, the licensee shall:
(1) Advise the
well operator of the regulations of the appropriate state agency regarding
abandonment and an appropriate method of abandonment, which shall include:
1. The immobilization and sealing in place of
the radioactive source with a cement plug;
2. The setting of a whipstock or other
deflection device; and
3. The
mounting of a permanent identification plaque at the surface of the well,
containing the appropriate information required by 45.6(25)
"d."
(2) Notify the agency by telephone, giving
the circumstances of the loss, and request approval of the proposed abandonment
procedures, or specify the implemented abandonment before receiving approval
because the licensee believed there was an immediate threat to public health
and safety; and
(3) File a written
report with the agency within 30 days of the abandonment. The licensee shall
send a copy of the report to the appropriate state agency that issued permits
or otherwise approved of the drilling operation. The report shall contain the
following information:
1. Date of
occurrence;
2. A description of the
well-logging source involved, including the radionuclide and its quantity,
chemical, and physical form;
3.
Surface location and identification of the well;
4. Results of efforts to immobilize and seal
the source in place;
5. A brief
description of the attempted recovery effort;
6. Depth of the source;
7. Depth of the top of the cement
plug;
8. Depth of the
well;
9. The immediate threat to
public health and safety justification for implementing abandonment if prior
approval was not obtained in accordance with 45.6(25)"c"(2);
10. Any other information, such as
a warning statement, contained on the permanent identification plaque;
and
11. The names of state agencies
receiving a copy of this report.
d. Whenever a sealed source containing
radioactive material is abandoned downhole, the licensee shall provide a
permanent plaque2for posting the well or well-bore.
This plaque shall:
(1) Be constructed of
long-lasting material, such as stainless steel or Monel; and
(2) Contain the following information
engraved on its face:
1. The word
"CAUTION";
2. The radiation symbol
without the conventional color requirement;
3. The date of abandonment;
4. The name of the well operator or well
owner;
5. The well name and well
identification number(s) or other designation;
6. The sealed source(s) by radionuclide and
activity;
7. The source depth and
the depth to the top of the plug; and
8. An appropriate warning, depending on the
specific circumstances of each
abandonment.3
e. The licensee shall immediately notify the
agency by telephone and subsequently by confirming letter if the licensee knows
or has reason to believe that radioactive material has been lost in or to an
underground potable aquifer. Such notice shall designate the well location and
shall describe the magnitude and extent of loss of radioactive material, assess
the consequences of such loss, and explain efforts planned or being taken to
mitigate these consequences.
(27)
Radioactive markers.
The licensee may use radioactive markers in wells only if the individual
markers contain quantities of licensed material not exceeding the quantities
specified in 641-Chapter 39, Appendix B, Exempt Quantities. The use of markers
is subject only to the requirements of 45.6(10).
(28)
Uranium sinker bars.
The licensee may use uranium sinker bars in well-logging applications only if
they are legibly impressed with the words "CAUTION-RADIOACTIVE-DEPLETED
URANIUM" and "NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES [or Company name] IF FOUND."
(29)
Use of a sealed source in a well
without a surface casing. The licensee may use a sealed source in a
well without a surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers only if the
licensee follows a procedure for reducing the probability of the source's
becoming lodged in the well. The procedure must be approved by the NRC or
licensing or agreement state.
(30)
Energy compensation source. The licensee may use an energy
compensation source (ECS) which is contained within a logging tool, or other
tool components, only if the ECS contains quantities of licensed material not
exceeding 100 microcuries (3.7 MBq).
a. For
well-logging applications with a surface casing for protecting fresh water
aquifers, use of the ECS is only subject to the requirements of 45.6(9) to
45.6(11).
b. For well-logging
applications without a surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers, use
of the ECS is only subject to the requirements of 45.6(4), 45.6(9) to 45.6(11),
45.6(25), and 45.6(29).
(31)
Tritium neutron generator target
source.
a. Use of a tritium neutron
generator target source that contains quantities not exceeding 3 0 curies (1110
MBq) and that is in a well with a surface casing to protect fresh water
aquifers is subject to the requirements of this rule except subrules 45.6(4),
45.6(12), and 45.6(25).
b. Use of a
tritium neutron generator target source that contains quantities exceeding 30
curies (1110 MBq) or that is in a well without a surface casing to protect
fresh water aquifers is subject to the requirements of this rule except subrule
45.6(12).
2An example of a suggested plaque is
shown in Appendix F of this chapter.
3Appropriate warnings may include:
(a) "Do not drill below plug-back
depth";
(b) "Do not enlarge
casing"; or
(c) "Do not re-enter
the hole", followed by the words, "before contacting the Iowa Department of
Public Health."
