Indiana Administrative Code
Title 329 - SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION
Article 10 - SOLID WASTE LAND DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Rule 21 - Municipal Solid Waste Landfills; Ground Water Monitoring Programs and Corrective Action Program Requirements
Section 21-2 - Sampling and analysis plan and program

Universal Citation: 329 IN Admin Code 21-2

Current through September 18, 2024

Authority: IC 13-14-8-7; IC 13-15; IC 13-19-3

Affected: IC 13-20; IC 36-9-30

Sec. 2.

(a) The owner, operator, or permittee shall carry out a ground water sampling and analysis program that is specified in an approved sampling and analysis plan, and that complies with the requirements of this rule. The sampling and analysis plan must address all items included in this section, where applicable, and it must satisfy the following requirements:

(1) For all new MSWLFs permitted under this article, the sampling and analysis plan must be approved by the commissioner before the first sampling event occurs.

(2) Existing MSWLFs that have not previously submitted an approved sampling and analysis plan that includes all applicable requirements of this section, must have a plan approved by the commissioner by one (1) of the following times, whichever occurs first:
(A) At the time of the next permit renewal application.

(B) At closure.

(C) At a time determined by the commissioner based on information supplied by the MSWLF.

(3) Existing MSWLFs that have, by April 13, 1996, submitted to the commissioner an approved sampling and analysis plan that does not include all applicable requirements of this rule, must submit a revised plan, if deemed necessary by the commissioner, by one (1) of the following times, whichever occurs first:
(A) At the time of the next permit renewal application.

(B) At closure.

(C) At a time determined by the commissioner based on information supplied by the MSWLF.

(4) Changes or additions to a previously approved sampling and analysis plan must be approved by the commissioner before the changes or additions are implemented.

(5) The approved sampling and analysis plan must be retained at or near the MSWLF in the operating record or at an alternative location approved by the commissioner.

(6) The sampling and analysis plan must include the following:
(A) A description of the following:
(i) The method that will be used to determine the sequence of sampling of ground water monitoring wells. The sequence determination must:
(AA) compare ground water monitoring wells that are not contaminated to those that are contaminated or to those that have the potential to be contaminated; and

(BB) follow the criteria described under subsection (b)(8).

(ii) The method of evacuation, including:
(AA) a description of the equipment and procedures to be used;

(BB) the method for calculating one (1) well volume at each well; and

(CC) the method for measuring the volume of water evacuated.

(iii) The equipment and procedures to be used in sample collection during detection, assessment, and corrective action ground water monitoring programs, including, but not limited to:
(AA) the sizes, number, and material of containers to be used for collection of samples; and

(BB) the manufacturer, make, and model number of field meters for pH, Eh (oxidation-reduction potential), and specific conductance. (iv) Copies of the owner's manual for each type of meter used in the sampling procedures.

(B) The qualifications and minimum training that the owner, operator, or permittee will require of the ground water sampler or sampling crew.

(b) The sampling and analysis program and procedures must comply with the following:

(1) The sampling crew shall:
(A) wear latex gloves, vinyl gloves, or gloves made out of alternative material that has been approved by the commissioner whenever the samplers' hands are in proximity of:
(i) sample water;

(ii) open sample containers;

(iii) sampling equipment; or

(iv) the open monitoring well; and

(B) avoid contact between gloves and samples.

(2) Each time ground water samples are collected from ground water monitoring wells at the monitoring boundary static water elevations must be:
(A) obtained from each ground water monitoring well where a sample has been collected;

(B) measured to the nearest one-hundredth (0.01) foot, and referenced to mean sea level; and

(C) obtained as close in time as practical from each ground water monitoring well or piezometer prior to purging and sampling. If such a purging and collection sequence is expected to affect the accuracy of the static water elevation measurements in any other ground water monitoring well or piezometer in the ground water monitoring system, then water elevation measurements must be obtained from all ground water monitoring wells and piezometers prior to purging and sampling any ground water monitoring well.

(3) Samples that are to be analyzed for dissolved metals must be field filtered immediately after the sample is obtained from the ground water monitoring well using a forty-five hundredths (0.45) micron high capacity filter. Use of an alternative filter type or filter size must be approved by the commissioner.

(4) Static water in the ground water monitoring well must be removed with equipment that does not:
(A) cause the water to cascade over the ground water monitoring well screen; or

(B) cause strong gradients or excess volatilization of organic compounds in the ground water.

(5) The method of evacuation must be suited to the recharge of the ground water monitoring well, the well depth, and the well diameter, and must comply with one (1) of the following:
(A) Evacuation may be accomplished with a pump. If a pump is used, the following requirements must be satisfied:
(i) The intake of the pump must be placed within, and ground water must be withdrawn from, the screened interval of the ground water monitoring well.

(ii) Purging with a pump must continue until a minimum of three (3) well volumes has been evaluated or the field constituents of pH, specific conductance, and temperature are stabilized within ten percent (10%) of a field determined mean reading for three (3) consecutive field readings to be completed as follows:
(AA) A minimum of six (6) samples must be taken for the required parameters.

(BB) Three (3) consecutive samples must be used to arrive at the field determined mean reading, and each of the next three (3) samples must be within ten percent (10%) of the field determined mean.

(CC) In the event that one (1) or more of the last three (3) samples are not within ten percent (10%) of the mean, the first sample will be deleted and a new field mean will be calculated from the next three (3) consecutive samples.

(DD) Additional samples are taken and the process described under subitem (CC) is continued until three (3) consecutive samples agree within ten percent (10%) of the field mean determined by the three (3) previous consecutive samples.

(EE) Purging a monitoring well by more than five (5) well volumes is prohibited.

(iii) When removing water from the ground water monitoring well for obtaining a sample, the pump must not be raised or lowered unless the potentiometric surface is as low as or lower than the top of the well screen.

(iv) A ground water monitoring well purged by a pump must be sampled by the same pump unless otherwise approved by the commissioner.

(v) If the permittee chooses to use a rotary pump, it must be used in accordance with the following:
(AA) The flow must be maintained at a slow and steady rate.

(BB) If the flow of water is intermixed with air during the use of the rotary pump, the pump must be lowered deeper into the water column or the sample collection must be accomplished with a bottom discharging bailer.

(CC) The interior of the pump must be coated with Teflon® or an inert material equivalent to Teflon® or be composed of stainless steel.

(vi) If the permittee chooses to use a positive gas displacement pump, it must be used in accordance with the following:
(AA) The flow must not be at a rate that forcefully ejects water or gas at the end of the expulsion cycle.

(BB) The generator must be placed downwind at least ten (10) feet from the ground water monitoring well being sampled.

(vii) If the permittee chooses to use a peristaltic pump, it must be used in accordance with the following:
(AA) The peristaltic pump must only be used in a ground water monitoring well with a depth of thirty-three (33) feet or less.

(BB) Historical data and tubing manufacturer data sheets must be utilized to select the proper tubing for each site.

(CC) Water in the tubes must be evacuated after each ground water monitoring well is sampled.

(DD) The tubes must be decontaminated after each ground water well is sampled.

(B) Evacuation may be accomplished with a bailer. If a bailer is used, the following requirements must be satisfied:
(i) The ground water monitoring well must be purged a minimum of three (3) well volumes if the ground water recharge rate is greater than the ground water withdrawal rate.

(ii) The ground water monitoring well may be purged dry if the ground water recharge rate is less than the ground water withdrawal rate.

(iii) Purging a ground water monitoring well more than five (5) well volumes is prohibited.

(iv) The bailer must be made of Teflon®, PVC, stainless steel, or other material approved by the commissioner.

(v) To assure that volatile organics are not stripped from the water, the bailer must be lowered in a slow and steady manner until the top of the ground water is contacted.

(vi) The bailer must be lowered into the water column until the bailer is full or the base of the ground water monitoring well is contacted by the bottom of the bailer.

(vii) Once full of water, the bailer must be lowered no further into the water column.

(viii) The bailer cord must not touch or contact the water column.

(ix) To assure that volatile organics are not stripped from the water, the bailer must be withdrawn at a slow steady rate up the ground water monitoring well casing.

(x) When the bailer reaches the top of the ground water monitoring well riser, the bailer must be removed carefully to prevent aeration or agitation.

(xi) The bailer cord must be pulled away from the water when pouring from a top discharging bailer.

(C) The MSWLF's sampling and analysis plan must designate methods for disposal of purged water and decontamination solutions.

(D) The commissioner shall consider a ground water monitoring well to be dry under the following circumstances:
(i) The ground water monitoring well is not mechanically damaged, yet it is unable to deliver water when opened for sampling.

(ii) The ground water monitoring well does not have a recovery rate adequate to supply ground water for sampling within a twenty-four (24) hour period after the monitoring well is purged.

(E) A ground water monitoring well that is dry on a consistent basis may be deemed by the commissioner to be an improperly functioning ground water monitoring well. The owner, operator, or permittee may be required to replace or relocate any improperly functioning ground water monitoring well.

(6) Upon request, the commissioner may approve use of equipment or methods not specified in subdivision (5). The alternative equipment must provide equivalent evacuation efficiency and the request must include:
(A) an exact description of the purging or sampling apparatus;

(B) operational specifics of the apparatus; and

(C) an explanation of why the proposed sampling equipment is equivalent or superior to the equipment specified under subdivision (5) for:
(i) accuracy of readings;

(ii) minimization of cross contamination;

(iii) suitability of the equipment to the site; and

(iv) ease of decontamination, when applicable.

(7) Ground water monitoring sample collection for detection monitoring, verification resampling, assessment, and corrective action ground water monitoring programs must satisfy the following requirements:
(A) Each sample must be numbered and labeled as a separate sample.

(B) One (1) or more independent samples must be collected from every ground water monitoring well on-site or as otherwise specified by the commissioner.

(C) At least one (1) field duplicate sample must be collected as follows:
(i) A field duplicate sample is defined as an additional sample collected from a ground water monitoring well, where:
(AA) the additional sample is analyzed independently of the first sample obtained from that ground water monitoring well; and

(BB) the ground water quality results for the additional sample are not used in the statistical evaluation, unless approved by the commissioner.

(ii) The field duplicate sample must be treated in the same manner as the independent sample.

(iii) A field duplicate sample must be collected from one (1) ground water monitoring well for every ten (10) monitoring wells, or part thereof, sampled.

(iv) The field duplicate sample must not be identified as such to the laboratory performing the sample analysis.

(D) The first sample collected from a given ground water monitoring well must be listed on the field record as the independent sample. The additional sample from the given monitoring well must be listed on the field record as the field duplicate sample.

(E) The independent sample and the field duplicate sample must be collected consecutively. The equipment for obtaining the samples does not require decontamination between sample collection; however, the independent sample and the field duplicate sample must be analyzed independently of each other.

(F) At least one (1) trip blank sample must be taken and must meet the following requirements:
(i) Be containerized prior to entering the MSWLF.

(ii) Consist of water that is:
(AA) distilled;

(BB) deionized; or

(CC) laboratory grade water.

(iii) Be analyzed for all constituents required for the sampling event unless a justification for limiting the trip blank to specific constituents is submitted to and approved by the commissioner.

(iv) Accompany the independent samples at all times.

(v) The trip blank must be identified as such to the laboratory performing the sample analysis.

(G) At least one (1) equipment blank sample must be collected from each piece of nondedicated equipment used to collect samples at the site, in accordance with the following:
(i) The water used for the equipment blank sample collection must be either distilled water or deionized water.

(ii) The equipment to be sampled must include:
(AA) all nondedicated pumps and bailers;

(BB) intermediate containers;

(CC) probes used for measuring static water levels, if the probe is inserted into the ground water monitoring well after the well is purged; and

(DD) reusable sections of the field filtration equipment.

(iii) The equipment blank must be analyzed for all constituents required by the sampling event unless a justification for limiting the equipment blank to specific constituents is submitted to and approved by the commissioner.

(iv) The equipment blank must be obtained after the last ground water monitoring well has been sampled.

(v) The equipment blank must be identified as such to the laboratory performing the sample analysis.

(H) At the end of each sampling day, the sampler may collect at least one (1) field blank sample. If a field blank sample is collected, the following criteria must be met:
(i) The water used for the sample must be distilled water or deionized water brought onto the site and poured into the designated sample bottles within fifty (50) feet from any ground water monitoring well sampled the day the field blank is collected.

(ii) Field blank samples must be analyzed for all constituents required for the sampling event unless a justification for limiting the field blank to specific constituents is submitted to and approved by the commissioner.

(iii) The field blank must be identified as such to the laboratory performing the sample analysis.

(8) Ground water samples must be collected in a sequence that satisfies the following:
(A) Ground water monitoring wells must be sampled in a sequence that minimizes the potential for cross contamination of samples. Historical ground water quality data must be used in estimating a well's potential for contamination. Samples must be collected in order of increasing likelihood of contamination in the monitoring well supplying the sample as follows:
(i) All background ground water monitoring wells must be sampled before downgradient wells.

(ii) If downgradient ground water monitoring wells have not been verified to be contaminated, samples must be collected first from those downgradient monitoring wells that are furthest from disposed solid waste, followed by monitoring wells that are increasingly close to disposed solid waste.

(iii) Downgradient ground water monitoring wells that have been verified as contaminated must be sampled in sequence, starting with those downgradient monitoring wells that have the lowest level of contaminants, followed by monitoring wells that have increasingly higher levels of contaminants.

(B) Samples must be collected in a sequence that minimizes volatilization of compounds. Samples must be collected in order of decreasing volatility as follows:
(i) For the constituents listed in section 15(a) of this rule (Table 1A) and section 15(b) of this rule (Table 1B):
(AA) volatile organic compounds;

(BB) field pH;

(CC) field specific conductance;

(DD) dissolved metals; and

(EE) all other constituents.

(ii) For the constituents listed in section 16 of this rule (Table 2):
(AA) volatile organic compounds;

(BB) field pH;

(CC) field specific conductance;

(DD) semivolatile organics;

(EE) dissolved metals;

(FF) total metals; and

(GG) all other constituents.

(C) A sample collection sequence for the constituents listed in section 15(a) of this rule (Table 1A), section 15(b) of this rule (Table 1B), and section 16 of this rule (Table 2) must be developed for use in the event that a ground water monitoring well cannot supply sufficient water volume to collect a full sample. To establish the sample collection sequence, the owner, operator, or permittee shall consider:
(i) ground water monitoring well logs; and

(ii) previous sample data.

(9) All nondedicated equipment must be decontaminated in accordance with the following requirements:
(A) Decontamination procedures must be implemented after sample collection at each ground water monitoring well and before reuse of the equipment. Time of decontamination must be indicated on the field report sheet. The commissioner may approve alternate decontamination procedures that provide equally reliable prevention of cross contamination.

(B) If a rotary pump is used, then the following decontamination procedures must be implemented:
(i) The interior, exterior, and tubing must be decontaminated.

(ii) The exterior of the rotary pump must be washed with a nonphosphate detergent and potable water bath. The exterior of the rotary pump must be rinsed in potable water and double rinsed in deionized or distilled water.

(iii) The pump must have a volume of a nonphosphate detergent water mixture pumped through the system equal to one-third (a) of the previous ground water monitoring well's purge volume or two (2) gallons, whichever is less, to remove all pumped water from the internal parts. This solution must be pumped through the pump head and then continued through the tubing until ejected from the system.

(iv) A gross rinse of potable water must follow the detergent mixture specified in item (iii). The rinse water volume must match the volume specified in item (iii).

(v) If samples are acquired from the pump, a minimum of three (3) gallons of distilled or deionized water rinse must be pumped through the system prior to sampling the next ground water monitoring well.

(vi) The commissioner may approve an alternative decontamination procedure provided the alternative procedure yields equally reliable prevention of cross contamination.

(C) If a peristaltic pump is used, then the following decontamination procedures must be implemented:
(i) The tubing must be decontaminated.

(ii) After each water sample passes through the pump, a volume of distilled or deionized water and nonphosphate detergent solution equal to the sample volume must be immediately passed through the pump.

(iii) The detergent solution must be followed by a potable water rinse. The volume of the rinse must be three (3) times the detergent solution volume.

(D) If a bailer is used, then the following decontamination procedures must be implemented:
(i) The internal, external, and valve components of the bailer must be decontaminated.

(ii) Nondedicated bailers must be decontaminated on-site prior to obtaining samples from the next ground water monitoring well. Decontamination must consist of, in the following order:
(AA) Washing the interior and exterior surfaces of the bailer with a nonphosphate detergent solution.

(BB) Rinsing with potable water.

(CC) Final double rinsing with distilled or deionized water.

(iii) Dedicated bailers that are either stored at a site away from the sampling point, or stored in the ground water monitoring well riser and above the maximum ground water level must be double rinsed with distilled or deionized water prior to use. Bailers must not be stored below the ground water level in the monitoring well.

(iv) Teflon® coated wire and any water level probe must be:
(AA) submerged in a nonphosphate detergent bath;

(BB) abraded by a clean cloth as the wire is removed from the wash bath;

(CC) deposited into a gross rinse bath of potable water; and

(DD) lifted as a coil and placed in a final distilled or deionized water rinse. (v) A rope attached to the bailer or lead wire must not be reused.

(E) Meters that measure for specific conductance, temperature, Eh, and pH must be washed with a nonphosphate detergent solution and rinsed with a volume of deionized water equal to a minimum of four (4) times the volume used by the meter for effective readings. If this procedure will inhibit the ability of the meter to function, the meter must be washed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

(10) Ground water monitoring well samples must be collected in containers that are specified in either the MSWLF's sampling and analysis plan or the quality assurance project plan described in subdivision (13).

(11) Field meters for pH, Eh, and specific conductance must be as follows:
(A) Have accuracy of readings that do not vary more from a standard value than the following:
(i) Three percent (3%) of the reading for a suitable standard for specific conductance.

(ii) Twenty-five (25) millivolts of the indicator solution for Eh.

(iii) One-tenth (0.1) standard unit of the calibration standard value for pH.

(B) Be calibrated at the beginning and end of each day of a sampling event, or more frequently if recommended by a manufacturer's specifications, in accordance with the following:
(i) The calibration solutions of high, low, and midrange values must be retained on-site during the sampling event for potential use at every sampling point.

(ii) Calibrations must be conducted as specified by the manufacturer of the equipment.

(12) The sampler shall submit to the commissioner a field report for every sampling event. The report must include the following information pertaining to each ground water monitoring well and piezometer, when applicable:
(A) The time and date each ground water monitoring well was purged and sampled.

(B) The location of each ground water monitoring well that was sampled, including indicating the monitoring well as background or downgradient of the solid waste boundary.

(C) The condition of ground water monitoring well heads and piezometers and monitoring well security devices.

(D) The weather conditions during sample collection.

(E) The condition of purged water with regard to odor and turbidity, and the condition of the collected sample.

(F) The in situ temperature, in degrees Celsius, of the ground water as measured in line or immediately after removal of water from the ground water monitoring well.

(G) The static water elevations referenced to mean sea level and measured to the nearest one-hundredth (0.01) foot.

(H) The type of equipment used for purging and for collection of samples and, where applicable, the cord's chemical composition.

(I) A copy of the chain of custody for the sample.

(J) The location and elevation of the referenced measuring mark on the ground water monitoring well and piezometer casing used to measure the static water elevations.

(K) The time equipment was decontaminated at each ground water monitoring well location.

(L) The reaction of the ground water to the preserving agent when the sample is containerized.

(M) Additional information as required by the commissioner based on particular site or facility conditions.

(13) The owner, operator, or permittee of an MSWLF shall develop a quality assurance project plan and submit the following items to the commissioner for approval:
(A) Documentation to verify that all laboratories performing ground water sample analysis intend to comply with the minimum standards set forth in the facility's quality assurance project plan.

(B) One (1) scientifically valid and accurate testing method approved by the commissioner for each constituent required for analysis under this rule.

(14) Each owner, operator, or permittee of an MSWLF shall develop and utilize a chain of custody protocol to account for the possession and security of any sample from the time the sample is taken until the analytical results are received by the commissioner. The chain of custody protocol must conform with the following:
(A) The field chain of custody form must account for the sample from the time the sample is removed from the ground water monitoring well until the time the sample is delivered to the laboratory and the sample custodian of the analytical laboratory signs the field chain of custody form.

(B) The laboratory chain of custody form must account for the location and security of the sample from the sample's arrival at the analytical laboratory until the analysis of the sample is found to be acceptable under the quality assurance plan.

(C) Field and laboratory chain of custody forms must identify each sample with its unique identifying number and include the following information:
(i) The number and types of containers holding the sample.

(ii) The names of all persons having contact with the sample, including those persons collecting or transporting the sample.

(iii) The time and dates of any transfers in possession of a sample.

(iv) The condition of the sample at the time of its arrival at the laboratory, including the condition of the sample's seal and the temperature inside each cooler holding a sample.

(D) In addition to the information required under clause (C), the field chain of custody form must include a task sheet that delineates the analysis to be performed on the sample or samples.

(E) The laboratory must maintain the laboratory chain of custody form and, upon request, release the laboratory chain of custody form to the commissioner. The field chain of custody form must be submitted to the commissioner in accordance with section 1(s) of this rule.

(c) Upon request, the commissioner may approve the use of methods, procedures, or equipment not specified in subsection (b). The alternative methods, procedures, or equipment must provide results or measurements that are equivalent in accuracy and reliability and the request must include the following:

(1) an exact description of the alternative methods, procedures, or equipment; and

(2) an explanation of why the proposed methods, procedures, or equipment are equivalent or superior to those specified under subsection (b).

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