Sec. 20.
(a) The
following requirements are for calculation of CT values:
(1) CT is the product of C and T.
Where: C = disinfectant concentration expressed in milligrams
per liter
T = disinfectant contact time expressed in minutes
(2) A PWS with treatment credit
for chlorine dioxide or ozone under subsection (b) or (c) shall calculate CT at
least once each day with both C and T measured during peak hourly flow as
described under
327
IAC 8-2-8.7.
(3) A PWS with several disinfection segments
in sequence, where a disinfection segment is defined as a treatment unit
process with a measurable disinfectant residual level and a liquid volume:
(A) may calculate CT for each segment;
and
(B) shall add the
Cryptosporidium CT values in each segment to determine the CT for the treatment
plant.
(b)
The following requirements are for calculation of CT values for chlorine
dioxide and ozone:
(1) A PWS receives the
Cryptosporidium treatment credit listed in the following table by meeting the
corresponding chlorine dioxide CT value for the applicable water temperature,
using the procedure described under subsection (a):
Table 20(a) |
CT Values (mg@min/L) for Cryptosporidium
Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide1
|
Log Credit |
Water Temperature, °C |
<= 0.5 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
0.25 |
159 |
153 |
140 |
128 |
107 |
90 |
69 |
45 |
29 |
19 |
12 |
0.5 |
319 |
305 |
279 |
259 |
214 |
180 |
138 |
89 |
58 |
38 |
24 |
1.0 |
637 |
610 |
558 |
511 |
429 |
360 |
277 |
179 |
116 |
75 |
49 |
1.5 |
956 |
915 |
838 |
767 |
643 |
539 |
415 |
268 |
174 |
113 |
73 |
2.0 |
1275 |
1220 |
1117 |
1023 |
858 |
719 |
553 |
357 |
232 |
150 |
98 |
2.5 |
1594 |
1525 |
1396 |
1278 |
1072 |
899 |
691 |
447 |
829 |
188 |
122 |
3.0 |
1912 |
1830 |
1675 |
1537 |
1286 |
1079 |
830 |
536 |
347 |
226 |
147 |
1 A PWS may use
this equation to determine log credit between the indicated values: Log credit
= (0.001506 × (1.09116)Temp) ×
CT.
(2) A PWS receives
the Cryptosporidium treatment credit listed in the following table by meeting
the corresponding ozone CT values for the applicable water temperature, using
the procedure described under subsection (a):
Table 20(b) |
CT Values (mg@min/L) for Cryptosporidium
Inactivation by Ozone1
|
Log Credit |
Water Temperature, °C |
<= 0.5 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
0.25 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
5.2 |
4.8 |
4.0 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.39 |
0.5 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
9.5 |
7.9 |
6.5 |
4.9 |
3.1 |
2.0 |
1.2 |
0.78 |
1.0 |
24 |
23 |
21 |
19 |
16 |
13 |
9.9 |
6.2 |
3.9 |
2.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
36 |
35 |
31 |
29 |
24 |
20 |
15 |
9.3 |
5.9 |
3.7 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
48 |
46 |
48 |
38 |
32 |
26 |
20 |
12 |
7.8 |
4.9 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
60 |
58 |
52 |
48 |
40 |
33 |
25 |
16 |
9.8 |
6.2 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
72 |
69 |
63 |
57 |
47 |
39 |
30 |
19 |
12 |
7.4 |
4.7 |
1 A PWS may use
this equation to determine log credit between the indicated values: Log credit
= (0.0397 × (1.09757)Temp) ×
CT).
(c) The
commissioner may approve alternative chlorine dioxide or ozone CT values to
those listed in subsection (b):
(1) on a
site-specific basis; and
(2) based
on a site-specific study conducted by the PWS that follows a protocol approved
by the commissioner.
(d)
A PWS may receive Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, and virus treatment credits
for ultraviolet (UV) light reactors by meeting the following:
(1) The ultraviolet (UV) light reactors must
achieve the corresponding UV dose values shown under subdivision (3).
(2) A PWS shall validate and monitor UV
reactors as described under subdivisions (4) and (5) to demonstrate that they
are achieving a particular UV dose value for treatment credit.
(3) The UV light treatment credits listed
under Table 20(c) in clause (C) are available under the following conditions:
(A) For UV light at a wavelength of two
hundred fifty-four (254) nanometers as produced by a low pressure mercury vapor
lamp.
(B) To receive treatment
credit for lamp types other than two hundred fifty-four (254) nanometers, a PWS
shall demonstrate an equivalent germicidal dose through reactor validation
testing described under subdivision (4).
(C) The UV dose values under the following
table are applicable only to post-filter applications of UV in filtered
systems:
Table 20(c) |
UV Dose Table for Cryptosporidium, Giardia
Lamblia, and Virus Inactivation Credit |
Log Credit |
Cryptosporidium UV dose
(mJ/cm2) |
Giardia lamblia UV dose
(mJ/cm2) |
Virus UV dose (mJ/cm2) |
0.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
39 |
1.0 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
58 |
1.5 |
3.9 |
3.0 |
79 |
2.0 |
5.8 |
5.2 |
100 |
2.5 |
8.5 |
7.7 |
121 |
3.0 |
12 |
11 |
143 |
3.5 |
15 |
15 |
163 |
4.0 |
22 |
22 |
186 |
(4) PWSs shall use UV reactors that have
undergone validation testing to determine the operating conditions under which
the reactor delivers the UV dose required under subdivision (3), for example,
validated operating conditions. These operating conditions must include flow
rate, UV intensity as measured by a UV sensor, and UV lamp status and meet the
following:
(A) When determining validated
operating conditions, a PWS shall account for the following factors:
(i) UV absorbance of the water.
(ii) Lamp fouling and aging.
(iii) Measurement uncertainty of online
sensors.
(iv) UV dose distributions
arising from the velocity profiles through the reactor.
(v) Failure of UV lamps or other critical
system components.
(vi) Inlet and
outlet piping or channel configurations of the UV reactor.
(B) Validation testing must include the
following:
(i) Full scale testing of a reactor
that conforms uniformly to the UV reactors used by the PWS.
(ii) Inactivation of a test microorganism
whose dose response characteristics have been quantified with a low pressure
mercury vapor lamp.
(5) Reactor monitoring requirements are as
follows:
(A) A PWS shall monitor its UV
reactors to determine if the reactors are operating within validated
conditions, as determined under subdivision (4).
(B) UV reactor monitoring must include the
following:
(i) UV intensity as measured by a
UV sensor that must undergo:
(AA) verification
of calibration; and
(BB)
recalibration; in accordance with a protocol approved by the
commissioner.
(ii) Flow
rate.
(iii) Lamp status.
(iv) Other parameters the commissioner
designates based on UV reactor operations.
(6) To receive treatment credit for UV light,
a PWS shall treat at least ninety-five percent (95%) of the water delivered to
the public each month by UV reactors operating within validated conditions for
the required UV dose, as described under subdivisions (3) and (4). A PWS shall
demonstrate compliance with this condition through the monitoring required
under subdivision (5)(A).