Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 12, March 22, 2024
a) Siting
Requirements. Construction, alteration or expansion of a public water system
shall be accomplished so as to:
1) Avoid
locating any or all of the facility at a site that is subject to undue risk
from earthquakes, floods, or other disasters.
2) Except for the intake structures, avoid
locating any or all of the facility within the floodplain of a 100-year
flood.
3) Sources of pollution
shall be located no closer to wells and finished water storage facilities than
indicated in Table A. Beginning January 1, 1988, no new non-community water
system well may be located within 200 feet of any potential primary or
potential secondary source or any potential route, unless specifically allowed
in Table A. When the owner of a potable well is the same owner of a potential
primary source, potential secondary source, or a potential route, the
Department may allow a variance to the minimum separation distances required in
this Part provided the owner complies with the variance provisions of Section
920.30(c)
of the Water Well Construction Code.
b) Existing Water System. The sanitary
quality of an existing water system shall be determined by a survey of
facilities and laboratory analyses of water samples. Defects in facilities or
contamination shown present by laboratory analyses shall be considered
sufficient grounds for requiring repairs, chlorination or other treatment, or
termination of the use of the system. All repairs, modifications, and
alterations to existing wells and pump equipment shall be in accordance with
the Water Well Construction Code, the Illinois Plumbing Code, and the Illinois
Water Well Pump Installation Code. Treatment will not be considered a
substitute for location and construction in accordance with the Water Well
Construction Code. Wells terminating in pits shall not be allowed. Existing
pits shall be eliminated and the floor or one wall of the pit shall be broken
or removed, the pit shall be filled with compacted earth, and the casing shall
be extended to terminate 8 inches above grade.
c) New Well Construction. All new wells shall
be constructed in accordance with the Water Well Construction Code.
d) New Pumping Equipment. All new well pumps
shall be installed in conformance with the Illinois Water Well Pump
Installation Code.
e) Surface
Water. Gravity filtration and disinfection shall be provided as the minimum
treatment facilities for all supplies obtained from ponds, lakes, streams,
rivers, groundwater under the influence of surface water, and other surface
collectors of water. Surface water supply treatment facilities shall be
designed, constructed, operated, and maintained as described in the Surface
Source Water Treatment Code or in accordance with the Ten States' Standards.
Where average turbidity, based upon 30 daily samples, of the source exceeds 50
nephelometric turbidity units, complete treatment must be provided in
accordance with the Ten States' Standards. All systems that use surface water,
in whole or in part shall be operated by personnel who have taken a water
treatment course approved by the Department and have received a certificate or
other evidence that the course has been completed satisfactorily (such as a
letter from the school), or shall be operated by personnel that have received
certification from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency as a Class A or
Class B public water supply operator. The Department will approve a course if
the course is given by an accredited college or university, is at least
equivalent to .7 continuing education units, and addresses water filtration,
disinfection, water supply, and the measurement of disinfectant residual and
turbidity. The Department will make available a list of approved courses upon
request.
f) Springs. Spring water
supplies shall not be allowed except where it is impossible to develop a well
that meets the water quality and capacity standards of this Part. Where springs
are used for potable water, they shall be protected from entry of surface
water, housed in a permanent structure, and chlorinated in accordance with
subsection (n). Spring water supplies located in an area with sink-holes or
outcropping rock, with a history of periodic discolored discharge, or subject
to fecal contamination, as demonstrated by laboratory analysis, shall not be
approved unless provided with treatment consistent with that required for
surface water.
g) Cisterns.
Cisterns shall not be used for public water supply except where groundwater
resources will not produce the quantity of water needed for the population to
be served. Cistern water shall receive treatment consistent with that required
for surface water (see subsection (e)).
h) Design Capacity. The design capacity for a
non-community public water system shall be determined based on the estimated
peak demand or the average daily consumption rate obtained from Table
B.
i) Hydropneumatic Storage. The
minimum requirements for designing a hydropneumatic storage system are as
follows:
1) Well and Pump Sizing. The capacity
of the wells and pumps in a hydropneumatic system shall be at least eight times
the average daily consumption rate or shall be sufficient to meet the estimated
peak demand, whichever is greater. (Calculate the average daily consumption
rate from Table B). If it can be shown that a specified amount of water is more
appropriate, or if the Department can be shown that the storage requirements
are excessive, the Department will permit other sizing alternatives dependent
upon, but not limited to, water demand at the facility in question or water
usage reports from a similar facility.
2) Pressure Tank Sizing. The minimum capacity
of the pressure storage tank shall be calculated by the following formula:
Q = Qm(3)/Pf
Where:
QM = Pump capacity (g.p.m.)
Pf = Pressure factor obtained from TABLE C.
3) Precharged Pressure Tanks. The capacity of
a precharge pressure storage tank shall be calculated by the following formula:
Qp =
1.50
m/Pf
Where:
Qp = Precharged pressure tank volume, gal.
4) Existing Hydropneumatic Storage. An
existing undersized pressure storage system may be allowed provided a history
of adequate water supply exists. Major alterations shall comply with all
requirements of subsection (i).
j) Storage Reservoir. All nonpressure
underground reservoirs shall be constructed of permanently watertight material
and shall be provided with a watertight insect-proof cover. Examples of
permanently watertight materials are steel, plastic, concrete or fiberglass. On
new water system installations, all nonpressure storage reservoirs in or on the
ground shall be located in such a manner that surface water will flow away from
the structure. When the bottom of any such reservoir is located below the
ground surface, the reservoir shall be located with respect to sources of
pollution as outlined in Table A. Where manholes are necessary, they shall have
a raised curb and be provided with a cover of the overhanging type. Vents and
openings shall be insect-proof and shall be installed so there is no hazard to
the sanitary quality of the water supply. Piping shall enter the reservoir
through the top of underground tanks or through the exposed vertical extension
of the manhole opening. Points of entry must be sealed in a watertight manner.
No suction lines may enter the reservoir underground unless protected by an
external pipe enclosure maintained at system pressure.
k) Water Distribution Lines. The system shall
be designed to maintain a minimum positive pressure of 20 p.s.i. in all parts
of the system at all times. Water pipe shall conform to applicable
specifications and standards of the Illinois Plumbing Code for the type of pipe
to be used. The following shall govern the separation of water lines from
possible sources of pollution:
1) Whenever
possible, a water line shall be laid at least 10 feet horizontally from any
existing or proposed sewer line.
2)
Whenever water lines must cross sewers, the water line shall be laid at such an
elevation that the bottom of the water line is 18 inches above the top of the
sewer. This vertical separation shall be maintained for that portion of the
water line located within 10 feet horizontally of any sewer or drain it
crosses, with the 10 feet to be measured as the normal distance from the water
line to the drain or sewer. The sewer shall be constructed of cast iron pipe,
type K copper, or Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) plastic pipe (Schedule 40) with
water-tight joints for a distance of 10 feet from each side of the water line.
All crossings shall be made at right angles.
3) Where conditions prevent the minimum
horizontal and/or vertical separation specified in subsections (k)(1) and (2),
special consultation shall be obtained from the Department to determine other
routes of water piping. In all cases, construction shall meet the applicable
provisions of Section 1150 of the Illinois Plumbing Code.
4) No water line shall pass through, or come
into contact with, any part of a sewer manhole.
5) There shall be no physical connection
between a community water system and a non-community or private water system,
unless the non-community or private water system is in compliance with
cross-connection requirements in subsection (l).
6) Lines for potable water shall be laid at
least 25 feet horizontally from any underground sewage seepage field.
l) Plumbing Fixture
Backflow Protection. The water supply lines shall have no physical connection
with nonpotable water supplies. All plumbing shall be in accord with the
Illinois Plumbing Code. All plumbing fixtures and other equipment connected to
the water system shall be constructed and installed to safeguard the water
system from the possibility of contamination through cross-connections or
backsiphonage. Laundry units and equipment shall be so constructed and
installed to prevent the contamination of the contents by the backflow of
sewage. When required by the Illinois Plumbing Code, the fixture or appliance
shall be connected indirectly with the drainage system by means of an open,
funnel-type fitting with a suitable air gap.
m) Drinking Fountains. All outlets
established for the provision of drinking water shall consist of drinking
fountains in accordance with requirements contained in the Illinois Plumbing
Code, or a supply of single service drinking cups shall be provided. Common
drinking cups are prohibited.
n)
Disinfection. Disinfection may be accomplished with calcium or sodium
hypochlorites or gas chlorine. Other disinfecting agents will be considered,
providing reliable application equipment is available, and testing procedures
for residual are recognized in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater". Proposals for use of disinfecting agents must be approved by
the Department prior to preparation of final plans and specifications. Approval
will be given only when the information shows that the chemical to be used as a
disinfecting agent will not jeopardize the health of the user and that the
chemical will eliminate bacteria from the water supply. Disinfection is
required at all surface, spring, and cistern water supplies; and at any
groundwater supplies that are of questionable sanitary quality or where any
treatment that exposes the water to the atmosphere is provided. Disinfection
shall not be a substitute for proper well location and construction.
1) Chlorination Equipment. The chlorinator
shall be designed to provide a free chlorine residual of at least 2 milligrams
per liter in the water after contact time of at least 30 minutes at maximum
flow rates. The equipment shall be of such design that it will operate
accurately over the desired feeding range. Where flow is uniform, actuation of
a constant volume feeder by the pump circuit is required. Where flow is
variable, automatic flow proportioning is required.
2) Contact Time and Point of Application.
Chlorine shall be applied at a point that will provide the maximum contact
time. At facilities treating surface water, chlorine shall be applied to the
water after filtration. At facilities chlorinating groundwater, provisions
should be made for applying chlorine to the detention basin inlet. When
chlorination is required, minimum free chlorine residual at distant points in a
water distribution system shall be at least 0.1 milligram per liter, except
that systems utilizing surface water as a source shall have a minimum free
chlorine residual of 0.2 mg/l maintained at all distant points in the
distribution system and a minimum free chlorine residual of 0.4 mg/l shall
maintained in the water storage tank. Those systems utilizing surface water as
a source and groundwater under the influence of surface water shall be designed
in accordance with the Surface Water Treatment Code and shall meet disinfection
requirements and CT values of 40 CFR 141.
3) Testing Equipment. Chlorine residual test
equipment capable of measuring free chlorine residual shall be provided and
should be capable of measuring residuals to the nearest 0.1 mg/1 in the range
below 0.5 mg/1, to the nearest 0.3 mg./1 between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/1, and to the
nearest 0.5 mg/1 between 1.0 mg/1 and 2.0 mg/1. Systems utilizing surface water
as a source shall test the chlorine residual in the distribution system daily
and keep a record of the results. Whenever the chlorine residual falls below
the values specified in subsection (n)(2), the supplier of water shall notify
the Department as soon as possible but no later than the end of the next
business day.
4) Hypochlorinator.
Positive displacement pumps shall be provided to inject hypochlorite solution.
The pump shall be of variable flow type and shall be of sufficient capacity to
feed the required amount of disinfectant. If calcium hypochlorite is used, the
concentration of calcium hypochlorite in the solution shall not exceed 5
percent. The solution container shall have a minimum capacity equal to the
volume of solution required per day. The hypochlorinator shall be interlocked
with the pump so that both will start and stop together.
5) Gas Chlorinators
A) The chlorine supply and gas feeding
equipment shall be in a separate, air-tight room. The room shall be provided
with an exhaust system that takes its suction not more than 8 inches from the
floor and discharges out-of-doors in a direction to minimize exposure to toxic
fumes. The fan shall be capable of producing one air change per minute. Means
for introducing a fresh air supply to the enclosure shall be provided through
appropriate openings, such as filters, grill openings, etc., at a high point
opposite the exhaust fan intake. The room shall have a window at least 18
inches square and artificial illumination so that the chlorinator equipment is
visible from the operating area outside the room. Electrical switches for
lighting and ventilation shall be outside the room and adjacent to the door.
Scales for weighing chlorine cylinders in service shall be provided and should
have the platform at floor level.
B) All chlorine cylinders, both full and
empty, shall be anchored to prevent their falling over.
C) The chlorine feeding device shall be
designed so that, during interruptions of the flow of the water supply, gas
feed is automatically terminated. Chlorinator vent lines shall terminate
out-of-doors.
D) The gas feed
equipment shall be solution feed type capable of delivering chlorine at its
maximum rate without releasing chlorine gas to the atmosphere.
E) The water supply for the gas feeding
equipment shall produce the flow rate and pressure required according to the
manufacturer's specifications for proper operation of the equipment. The
release of chlorine shall be automatically terminated when the pump is shut
off. The water supply line to the chlorine injector shall be equipped with an
electric shut-off valve interlocked with the pump and shall be equipped with a
suitable backflow preventer.
F) Gas
chlorinators shall be repaired and operated only in accordance with the
manufacturer's directions. The owner/operator shall determine the appropriate
emergency personnel to contact in the event of a chlorine gas emergency and
have the telephone number of emergency personnel conspicuously posted within
view of operating personnel.
6) General. The chlorinator water supply
piping shall be designed to prevent contamination of the treated water supply
by sources of questionable water that may be contaminated. Housing must be
provided for the chlorination equipment and for storing the chlorine.
o) Hauled Water. When it is
necessary to use hauled water as a source of public supply, the water shall be
obtained only from a regulated public water system.
1) Transport Equipment. Equipment used for
hauling water, including tank trucks or trailers, hoses, etc., shall be used
only for handling potable water. In an emergency, equipment used for handling
other potable materials, such as milk, syrup, etc., may be used after cleaning
and disinfection with not less than 100 ppm of free chlorine.
2) Storage Facilities. Equipment used for the
storage of hauled water shall be used only for that purpose and shall be
constructed in accordance with subsection (j). A minimum free chlorine residual
of 0.4 mg/l shall be maintained in the water storage tank.
p) Vending Machines. Vending machines that
serve water to the public shall meet the following conditions:
1) The source of water to a vending machine
shall be obtained from a community water system or a supply that meets the
construction and location requirements of this Part.
2) A dual check backflow device approved in
accordance with the Illinois Plumbing Code shall be installed in the water
supply pipe between the vending machine and the source of water.
3) An air gap shall be provided between the
water dispensing spout and the water container that is at least equal to 4
times the diameter of the water dispensing supply pipe.
4) The machine shall be kept in an area that
is free of dirt and debris. The area shall be maintained to prevent insect and
rodent harborage.
5) Any overflow
or discharge of water from the vending machine shall be indirectly connected to
a sewer or to waste in accordance with the Illinois Plumbing Code.
q) Sample Siting Plan. All
non-community supplies shall designate sampling points from which to collect
all required samples. If a kitchen tap is available, one sample shall be taken
from this location.