Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
a)
Destruction Removal Efficiency (DRE) Standard
1) General. Except for subsection (a)(3), a
boiler and industrial furnace (BIF) burning hazardous waste must achieve a DRE
of 99.99 percent for all organic hazardous constituents in the waste feed. To
demonstrate conformance with this requirement, 99.99 percent DRE must be
demonstrated during a trial burn for each principal organic hazardous
constituent (POHC) designated (under subsection (a)(2)) in its permit for each
waste feed. DRE is determined for each POHC from the following equation:
Click
here to view image
Where:
|
I
|
=
|
Mass feed rate of one POHC in the hazardous waste
fired to the BIF
|
|
O
|
=
|
Mass emission rate of the same POHC present in stack
gas prior to release to the atmosphere
|
2)
Designation of POHCs. POHCs are those compounds for which compliance with the
DRE requirements of this Section must be demonstrated in a trial burn in
compliance with procedures prescribed in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 703.232. One or more
POHCs must be designated by the Agency for each waste feed to be burned. POHCs
must be designated based on the degree of difficulty of destruction of the
organic constituents in the waste and on their concentrations or mass in the
waste feed considering the results of waste analyses submitted with Part B of
the permit application. POHCs are most likely to be selected from among those
compounds listed in Appendix H to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721 that are also present
in the normal waste feed. However, if the applicant demonstrates to the Agency
that a compound not listed in Appendix H of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721 or not
present in the normal waste feed is a suitable indicator of compliance with the
DRE requirements of this Section, that compound must be designated as a POHC.
Such POHCs need not be toxic or organic compounds.
3) Dioxin-Listed Waste. A BIF burning
hazardous waste containing (or derived from) USEPA Hazardous Wastes Nos. F020,
F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 must achieve a DRE of 99.9999 percent for each
POHC designated (under subsection (a)(2)) in its permit. This performance must
be demonstrated on POHCs that are more difficult to burn than tetra-, penta-,
and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. DRE is determined for each
POHC from the equation in subsection (a)(1). In addition, the owner or operator
of the BIF must notify the Agency of intent to burn USEPA hazardous waste
numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027.
4) Automatic Waiver of DRE Trial Burn. Owners
and operators of boilers operated under the special operating requirements
provided by Section 726.210 are considered to be in compliance with the DRE
standard of subsection (a)(1) and are exempt from the DRE trial burn.
5) Low risk waste. Owners and operators of
BIFs that burn hazardous waste in compliance with the requirements of Section
726.209(a) are considered to be in compliance with the DRE standard of
subsection (a)(1) and are exempt from the DRE trial burn.
b) CO Standard
1) Except for subsection (c), the stack gas
concentration of CO from a BIF burning hazardous waste cannot exceed 100 ppmv
on an hourly rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period),
continuously corrected to seven percent oxygen, dry gas basis.
2) CO and oxygen must be continuously
monitored according to "Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission
Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen for Incinerators, Boilers, and
Industrial Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in Appendix I.
3) Compliance with the 100 ppmv CO limit must
be demonstrated during the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim status
facility applying for a permit) or the compliance test (for interim status
facilities). To demonstrate compliance, the highest hourly rolling average CO
level during any valid run of the trial burn or compliance test must not exceed
100 ppmv.
c) Alternative
CO Standard
1) The stack gas concentration of
CO from a BIF burning hazardous waste may exceed the 100 ppmv limit if stack
gas concentrations of HCs do not exceed 20 ppmv, except for subsection (f) for
certain industrial furnaces.
2) HC
limits must be established under this Section on an hourly rolling average
basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period), reported as propane, and continuously
corrected to seven percent oxygen, dry gas basis.
3) HC must be continuously monitored
according to "Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of
Hydrocarbons for Incinerators, Boilers, and Industrial Furnaces Burning
Hazardous Waste" in Appendix I. CO and oxygen must be continuously monitored
according to subsection (b)(2).
4)
The alternative CO standard is established based on CO data during the trial
burn (for a new facility) and the compliance test (for an interim status
facility). The alternative CO standard is the average over all valid runs of
the highest hourly average CO level for each run. The CO limit is implemented
on an hourly rolling average basis, and continuously corrected to seven percent
oxygen, dry gas basis.
d)
Special Requirements for Furnaces. Owners and operators of industrial furnaces
(e.g., kilns, cupolas) that feed hazardous waste for a purpose other than
solely as an ingredient (see Section 726.203(a)(5)(B)) at any location other
than the end where products are normally discharged and where fuels are
normally fired must comply with the HC limits of subsection (c) or (f)
irrespective of whether stack gas CO concentrations meet the 100 ppmv limit of
subsection (b).
e) Controls for
Dioxins and Furans. Owners and operators of BIFs that are equipped with a dry
PM control device that operates within the temperature range of 450 °F
through 750 °F, and industrial furnaces operating under an alternative HC
limit established under subsection (f) must conduct a site-specific risk
assessment as follows to demonstrate that emissions of chlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans do not result in an increased lifetime
cancer risk to the hypothetical maximum exposed individual (MEI) exceeding 1 x
10-5 (1 in 100,000):
1) During the trial burn (for new facilities
or an interim status facility applying for a permit) or compliance test (for
interim status facilities), determine emission rates of the tetra-octa
congeners of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) using
Method 0023A(Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Emissions from Stationary Sources) in "Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods," USEPA
publication number EPA-530/SW-846, or Method 23 (Determination of
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated
Dibenzofurans from Stationary Sources), incorporated by reference in 35 Ill.
Adm. Code 720.111(b);
2) Estimate
the 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalence of the tetra-octa CDDs/CDFs congeners
using section 4.0 (Procedures for Estimating the Toxicity Equivalence of
Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners) in appendix IX to 40
CFR 266 (Methods Manual for Compliance with the BIF Regulations), incorporated
by reference in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.111(b) (see Appendix I). Multiply the
emission rates of CDD/CDF congeners with a toxicity equivalence greater than
zero (see the procedure) by the calculated toxicity equivalence factor to
estimate the equivalent emission rate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD;
3) Conduct dispersion modeling using methods
recommended in appendix W to 40 CFR 51 (Guideline on Air Quality Models), in
section 5.0 (Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening Procedure) in
appendix IX to 40 CFR 266 (Methods Manual for Compliance with the BIF
Regulations), or in "Screening Procedures for Estimating Air Quality Impact of
Stationary Sources, Revised," USEPA publication number EPA-454/R-92-019, each
incorporated by reference in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.111, to predict the maximum
annual average off-site ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents
determined under subsection (e)(2). The maximum annual average on-site
concentration must be used when a person resides on-site; and
4) The ratio of the predicted maximum annual
average ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents to the
risk-specific dose (RSD) for 2,3,7,8-TCDD provided in Appendix E (2.2 x
10-7) must not exceed 1.0.
f) Monitoring CO and HC in the By-Pass Duct
of a Cement Kiln. Cement kilns may comply with the CO and HC limits provided by
subsections (b), (c), and (d) by monitoring in the by-pass duct if the
following conditions are met:
1) Hazardous
waste is fired only into the kiln and not at any location downstream from the
kiln exit relative to the direction of gas flow; and
2) The by-pass duct diverts a minimum of 10
percent of kiln off-gas into the duct.
g) Use of Emissions Test Data to Demonstrate
Compliance and Establish Operating Limits. Compliance with the requirements of
this Section must be demonstrated simultaneously by emissions testing or during
separate runs under identical operating conditions. Further, data to
demonstrate compliance with the CO and HC limits of this Section or to
establish alternative CO or HC limits under this Section must be obtained
during the time that DRE testing, and where applicable, CDD/CDF testing under
subsection (e) and comprehensive organic emissions testing under subsection (f)
is conducted.
h) Enforcement. For
the purposes of permit enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements
specified in the permit (under Section 726.202) will be regarded as compliance
with this Section. However, evidence that compliance with those permit
conditions is insufficient to ensure compliance with the requirements of this
Section is "information" justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance
of a permit under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 703.270 et seq.
