Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
a) Applicability
1) General. An owner or operator of a BIF
that burns hazardous waste and that does not operate under interim status must
comply with the requirements of this Section and 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.208
and
703.232,
unless exempt under the small quantity burner exemption of Section
726.208.
2) Applicability of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724
Standards. An owner or operator of a BIF that burns hazardous waste is subject
to the following provisions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724, except as provided
otherwise by this Subpart H:
A) In Subpart A
(General), 35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.104;
B) In Subpart B (General facility standards),
35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.111
through
724.118;
C) In Subpart C (Preparedness and
prevention), 35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.131
through
724.137;
D) In Subpart D (Contingency plan and
emergency procedures), 35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.151
through
724.156;
E) In Subpart E (Manifest system,
recordkeeping and reporting), the applicable provisions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.171
through
724.177;
F) In Subpart F (Releases from Solid Waste
Management Units), 35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.190 and
724.201;
G) In Subpart G (Closure and post-closure),
35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.211
through
724.215;
H) In Subpart H (Financial requirements), 35
Ill. Adm. Code
724.241,
724.242,
724.243,
and
724.247
through
724.251,
except that the State of Illinois and the federal government are exempt from
the requirements of Subpart H of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724; and
I) Subpart BB (Air emission standards for
equipment leaks), except 35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.950(a).
b) Hazardous Waste
Analysis
1) The owner or operator must
provide an analysis of the hazardous waste that quantifies the concentration of
any constituent identified in Appendix H of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721 that is
reasonably expected to be in the waste. Such constituents must be identified
and quantified if present, at levels detectable by using appropriate analytical
methods. The constituents listed in Appendix H of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 721 that
are excluded from this analysis must be identified and the basis for their
exclusion explained. This analysis must provide all information required by
this Subpart H and 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.208
and
703.232
and must enable the Agency to prescribe such permit conditions as are necessary
to adequately protect human health and the environment. Such analysis must be
included as a portion of the Part B permit application, or, for facilities
operating under the interim status standards of this Subpart H, as a portion of
the trial burn plan that may be submitted before the Part B application under
provisions of 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.232(g),
as well as any other analysis required by the Agency. The owner or operator of
a BIF not operating under the interim status standards must provide the
information required by 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.208
and
703.232
in the Part B application to the greatest extent possible.
2) Throughout normal operation, the owner or
operator must conduct sampling and analysis as necessary to ensure that the
hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks fired into the
BIF are within the physical and chemical composition limits specified in the
permit.
c) Emissions
Standards. An owner or operator must comply with emissions standards provided
by Sections
726.204
through
726.207.
d) Permits
1) The owner or operator must burn only
hazardous wastes specified in the facility permit and only under the operating
conditions specified under subsection (e), except in approved trial burns under
the conditions specified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 703.232.
2) Hazardous wastes not specified in the
permit must not be burned until operating conditions have been specified under
a new permit or permit modification, as applicable. Operating requirements for
new wastes must be based on either trial burn results or alternative data
included with Part B of a permit application under 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.208.
3) BIFs operating under
the interim status standards of Section
726.203
are permitted under procedures provided by 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.232(g).
4) A permit for a new BIF (those BIFs not
operating under the interim status standards) must establish appropriate
conditions for each of the applicable requirements of this Section, including
but not limited to allowable hazardous waste firing rates and operating
conditions necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (e), in order to
comply with the following standards:
A) For
the period beginning with initial introduction of hazardous waste and ending
with initiation of the trial burn, and only for the minimum time required to
bring the device to a point of operational readiness to conduct a trial burn,
not to exceed a duration of 720 hours operating time when burning hazardous
waste, the operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure
compliance with the emission standards of Sections
726.204
through 726.207, based on the Agency's engineering judgment. If the applicant
is seeking a waiver from a trial burn to demonstrate conformance with a
particular emission standard, the operating requirements during this initial
period of operation must include those specified by the applicable provisions
of Section 726.204, Section
726.205,
Section
726.206,
or Section 726.207. The Agency must extend the duration of this period for up
to 720 additional hours when good cause for the extension is demonstrated by
the applicant.
B) For the duration
of the trial burn, the operating requirements must be sufficient to demonstrate
compliance with the emissions standards of Sections
726.204
through
726.207
and must be in accordance with the approved trial burn plan;
C) For the period immediately following
completion of the trial burn, and only for the minimum period sufficient to
allow sample analysis, data computation, submission of the trial burn results
by the applicant, review of the trial burn results, and modification of the
facility permit by the Agency to reflect the trial burn results, the operating
requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the emission
standards Sections
726.204
through
726.207
based on the Agency's engineering judgment.
D) For the remaining duration of the permit,
the operating requirements must be those demonstrated in a trial burn or by
alternative data specified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 703.208, as sufficient to
ensure compliance with the emissions standards of Sections
726.204
through 726.207.
e) Operating Requirements
1) General. A BIF burning hazardous waste
must be operated in accordance with the operating requirements specified in the
permit at all times when there is hazardous waste in the unit.
2) Requirements to Ensure Compliance with the
Organic Emissions Standards
A) DRE
(destruction or removal efficiency) Standard. Operating conditions must be
specified in either of the following ways: on a case-by-case basis for each
hazardous waste burned, which conditions must be demonstrated (in a trial burn
or by alternative data, as specified in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 703.208) to be
sufficient to comply with the DRE performance standard of Section
726.204(a),
or as special operating requirements provided by Section
726.204(a)(4)
for the waiver of the DRE trial burn. When the DRE trial burn is not waived
under Section
726.204(a)(4),
each set of operating requirements must specify the composition of the
hazardous waste (including acceptable variations in the physical and chemical
properties of the hazardous waste that will not affect compliance with the DRE
performance standard) to which the operating requirements apply. For each such
hazardous waste, the permit must specify acceptable operating limits including,
but not limited to, the following conditions, as appropriate:
i) Feed rate of hazardous waste and other
fuels measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
ii) Minimum and maximum device production
rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, measured and
specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
iii) Appropriate controls of the hazardous
waste firing system;
iv) Allowable
variation in BIF system design or operating procedures;
v) Minimum combustion gas temperature
measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber temperature, measured,
and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
vi) An appropriate indicator of combustion
gas velocity, measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6), unless
documentation is provided under 35 Ill. Adm. Code
703.232
demonstrating adequate combustion gas residence time; and
vii) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the DRE performance standard of Section
726.204(a)
is met.
B) CO and
Hydrocarbon (HC) Standards. The permit must incorporate a CO limit and, as
appropriate, a HC limit as provided by Section
726.204(b),
(c), (d), (e), and (f). The permit limits
must be specified as follows:
i) When
complying with the CO standard of Section
726.204(b)(1),
the permit limit is 100 ppmv;
ii)
When complying with the alternative CO standard under Section
726.204(c),
the permit limit for CO is based on the trial burn and is established as the
average over all valid runs of the highest hourly rolling average CO level of
each run; and, the permit limit for HC is 20 ppmv (as defined in Section
726.204(c)(1)
), except as provided in Section
726.204(f);
or
iii) When complying with the
alternative HC limit for industrial furnaces under Section
726.204(f),
the permit limit for HC and CO is the baseline level when hazardous waste is
not burned as specified by that subsection.
C) Start-Up and Shut-Down. During start-up
and shut-down of the BIF, hazardous waste (except waste fed solely as an
ingredient under the Tier I (or adjusted Tier I) feed rate screening limits for
metals and chloride/chlorine, and except low risk waste exempt from the trial
burn requirements under Sections
726.204(a)(5),
726.205, 726.206, and 726.207) must not be fed into the device, unless the
device is operating within the conditions of operation specified in the
permit.
3) Requirements
to Ensure Conformance with the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard
A) Except as provided in subsections
(e)(3)(B) and (e)(3)(C), the permit must specify the following operating
requirements to ensure conformance with the PM standard specified in Section
726.205:
i) Total ash feed rate to the device
from hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks, measured
and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
ii) Maximum device production rate when
producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, and measured and
specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
iii) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control
system (APCS);
iv) Allowable
variation in BIF system design including any APCS or operating procedures;
and
v) Such other operating
requirements as are necessary to ensure that the PM standard in Section
726.205(a)
is met.
B) Permit
conditions to ensure conformance with the PM standard must not be provided for
facilities exempt from the PM standard under Section
726.205(b);
C) For cement kilns and light-weight
aggregate kilns, permit conditions to ensure compliance with the PM standard
must not limit the ash content of hazardous waste or other feed
materials.
4)
Requirements to Ensure Conformance with the Metals Emissions Standard
A) For conformance with the Tier I (or
adjusted Tier I) metals feed rate screening limits of Section
726.206(b)
or (e), the permit must specify the following
operating requirements:
i) Total feed rate of
each metal in hazardous waste, other fuels and industrial furnace feedstocks
measured and specified under provisions of subsection (e)(6);
ii) Total feed rate of hazardous waste
measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6); and
iii) A sampling and metals analysis program
for the hazardous waste, other fuels and industrial furnace
feedstocks;
B) For
conformance with the Tier II metals emission rate screening limits under
Section
726.206(c)
and the Tier III metals controls under Section
726.206(d),
the permit must specify the following operating requirements:
i) Maximum emission rate for each metal
specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;
ii) Feed rate of total hazardous waste and
pumpable hazardous waste, each measured and specified as prescribed in
subsection (e)(6)(A);
iii) Feed
rate of each metal in the following feedstreams, measured and specified as
prescribed in subsections (e)(6): total feed streams; total hazardous waste
feed; and total pumpable hazardous waste feed;
BOARD NOTE: The Board has combined the text of
40 CFR
266.102(e)(4)(ii)(C)
(1) and (e)(4)(ii)(C)(2) into this subsection
(e)(4)(B)(iii) to comport with Illinois Administrative Code codification
requirements.
iv) Total
feed rate of chlorine and chloride in total feed streams measured and specified
as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
v) Maximum combustion gas temperature
measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber temperature, and
measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
vi) Maximum flue gas temperature at the inlet
to the PM APCS measured and specified as prescribed in subsection
(e)(6);
vii) Maximum device
production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate units
and measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
viii) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any APCS;
ix) Allowable variation in BIF system design
including any APCS or operating procedures; and
x) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the metals standards under Section
726.206(c)
or (d) are met.
C) For conformance with an alternative
implementation approach approved by the Agency under Section
726.206(f),
the permit must specify the following operating requirements:
i) Maximum emission rate for each metal
specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;
ii) Feed rate of total hazardous waste and
pumpable hazardous waste, each measured and specified as prescribed in
subsection (e)(6)(A);
iii) Feed
rate of each metal in the following feedstreams, measured and specified as
prescribed in subsection (e)(6): total hazardous waste feed; and total pumpable
hazardous waste feed;
BOARD NOTE: The Board has combined the text of
40 CFR
266.102(e)(4)(iii)(C)
(1) and (e)(4)(iii)(C)(2) into this
subsection (e)(4)(C)(iii) to comport with Illinois Administrative Code
codification requirements.
iv) Total feed rate of chlorine and chloride
in total feed streams measured and specified prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
v) Maximum combustion gas
temperature measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber
temperature, and measured and specified as prescribed in subsection
(e)(6);
vi) Maximum flue gas
temperature at the inlet to the PM APCS measured and specified as prescribed in
subsection (e)(6);
vii) Maximum
device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate
units and measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
viii) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any APCS;
ix) Allowable variation in BIF system design
including any APCS or operating procedures; and
x) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the metals standards under Section
726.206(c)
or (d) are met.
5) Requirements to Ensure
Conformance with the HCl and Chlorine Gas Standards
A) For conformance with the Tier I total
chlorine and chloride feed rate screening limits of Section
726.207(b)(1),
the permit must specify the following operating requirements:
i) Feed rate of total chlorine and chloride
in hazardous waste, other fuels and industrial furnace feedstocks measured and
specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
ii) Feed rate of total hazardous waste
measured and specified as prescribed in subsection (e)(6); and
iii) A sampling and analysis program for
total chlorine and chloride for the hazardous waste, other fuels and industrial
furnace feedstocks;
B)
For conformance with the Tier II HCl and chlorine gas emission rate screening
limits under Section
726.207(b)(2)
and the Tier III HCl and chlorine gas controls under Section
726.207(c),
the permit must specify the following operating requirements:
i) Maximum emission rate for HCl and for
chlorine gas specified as the average emission rate during the trial
burn;
ii) Feed rate of total
hazardous waste measured and specified as prescribed in subsection
(e)(6);
iii) Total feed rate of
chlorine and chloride in total feed streams, measured and specified as
prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
iv) Maximum device production rate when
producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, measured and specified
as prescribed in subsection (e)(6);
v) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any APCS;
vi) Allowable variation in BIF system design
including any APCS or operating procedures; and
vii) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the HCl and chlorine gas standards under Section
726.207(b)(2)
or (c) are met.
6) Measuring Parameters and
Establishing Limits Based on Trial Burn Data
A) General Requirements. As specified in
subsections (e)(2) through (e)(5), each operating parameter must be measured,
and permit limits on the parameter must be established, according to either of
the following procedures:
i) Instantaneous
Limits. A parameter is measured and recorded on an instantaneous basis (i.e.,
the value that occurs at any time) and the permit limit specified as the
time-weighted average during all valid runs of the trial burn; or
ii) Hourly Rolling Average. The limit for a
parameter must be established and continuously monitored on an hourly rolling
average basis, as defined in Section
726.200(i).
The permit limit for the parameter must be established based on trial burn data
as the average over all valid test runs of the highest hourly rolling average
value for each run.
BOARD NOTE: The Board has combined the text of
40 CFR
266.102(e)(6)(i)(B)
(1) and (e)(6)(i)(B)(2) into this subsection
(e)(6)(A)(ii) and moved the text of
40 CFR
266.102(e)(6)(i)(B)
(1)(i) and
(e)(6)(i)(B)(1)(ii) to appear as definitions
of "continuous monitor" and "hourly rolling average", respectively, in Section
726.200(i)
to comport with Illinois Administrative Code codification requirements.
B) Rolling Average
Limits for Carcinogenic Metals and Lead. Feed rate limits for the carcinogenic
metals (as defined in Section
726.200(i)
) and lead must be established either on an hourly rolling average basis, as
prescribed by subsection (e)(6)(A), or on (up to) a 24 hour rolling average
basis. If the owner or operator elects to use an average period from 2 to 24
hours, the following requirements apply:
i)
The feed rate of each metal must be limited at any time to ten times the feed
rate that would be allowed on an hourly rolling average basis;
ii) The continuous monitor must meet the
specifications of "continuous monitor", "rolling average for the selected
averaging period", and "one hour block average" as defined in Section
726.200(i);
and
BOARD NOTE: The Board has moved the text of
40 CFR
266.102(e)(6)(ii)(B)
(1) and (e)(6)(ii)(B)(2) to appear as
definitions in Section
726.200(i)
to comport with Illinois Administrative Code codification requirements.
iii) The permit limit for the feed
rate of each metal must be established based on trial burn data as the average
over all valid test runs of the highest hourly rolling average feed rate for
each run.
C) Feed Rate
Limits for Metals, Total Chlorine and Chloride, and Ash. Feed rate limits for
metals, total chlorine and chloride, and ash are established and monitored by
knowing the concentration of the substance (i.e., metals, chloride/chlorine and
ash) in each feedstream and the flow rate of the feedstream. To monitor the
feed rate of these substances, the flow rate of each feedstream must be
monitored under the continuous monitoring requirements of subsections (e)(6)(A)
and (e)(6)(B).
D) Conducting Trial
Burn Testing
i) If compliance with all
applicable emissions standards of Sections
726.204
through
726.207
is not demonstrated simultaneously during a set of test runs, the operating
conditions of additional test runs required to demonstrate compliance with
remaining emissions standards must be as close as possible to the original
operating conditions.
ii) Prior to
obtaining test data for purposes of demonstrating compliance with the emissions
standards of Sections
726.204
through
726.207
or establishing limits on operating parameters under this Section, the unit
must operate under trial burn conditions for a sufficient period to reach
steady-state operations. However, industrial furnaces that recycle collected PM
back into the furnace and that comply with an alternative implementation
approach for metals under Section
726.206(f)
need not reach steady state conditions with respect to the flow of metals in
the system prior to beginning compliance testing for metals
emissions.
iii) Trial burn data on
the level of an operating parameter for which a limit must be established in
the permit must be obtained during emissions sampling for the pollutants (i.e.,
metals, PM, HCl/chlorine gas, organic compounds) for which the parameter must
be established as specified by this subsection (e).
7) General Requirements
A) Fugitive Emissions. Fugitive emissions
must be controlled in one of the following ways:
i) By keeping the combustion zone totally
sealed against fugitive emissions;
ii) By maintaining the combustion zone
pressure lower than atmospheric pressure; or
iii) By an alternative means of control
demonstrated (with Part B of the permit application) to provide fugitive
emissions control equivalent to maintenance of combustion zone pressure lower
than atmospheric pressure.
B) Automatic Waste Feed Cutoff. A BIF must be
operated with a functioning system that automatically cuts off the hazardous
waste feed when operating conditions deviate from those established under this
Section. In addition, the following requirements apply:
i) The permit limit for (the indicator of)
minimum combustion chamber temperature must be maintained while hazardous waste
or hazardous waste residues remain in the combustion chamber;
ii) Exhaust gases must be ducted to the APCS
operated in accordance with the permit requirements while hazardous waste or
hazardous waste residues remain in the combustion chamber; and
iii) Operating parameters for which permit
limits are established must continue to be monitored during the cutoff, and the
hazardous waste feed must not be restarted until the levels of those parameters
comply with the permit limits. For parameters that are monitored on an
instantaneous basis, the Agency must establish a minimum period of time after a
waste feed cutoff during which the parameter must not exceed the permit limit
before the hazardous waste feed is restarted.
C) Changes. A BIF must cease burning
hazardous waste when combustion properties or feed rates of the hazardous
waste, other fuels or industrial furnace feedstocks, or the BIF design or
operating conditions deviate from the limits as specified in the
permit.
8) Monitoring
and Inspections
A) The owner or operator must
monitor and record the following, at a minimum, while burning hazardous waste:
i) If specified by the permit, feed rates and
composition of hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks
and feed rates of ash, metals, and total chlorine and chloride;
ii) If specified by the permit, CO, HCs, and
oxygen on a continuous basis at a common point in the BIF downstream of the
combustion zone and prior to release of stack gases to the atmosphere in
accordance with operating requirements specified in subsection (e)(2)(B). CO,
HC, and oxygen monitors must be installed, operated, and maintained in
accordance with methods specified in Appendix I; and
iii) Upon the request of the Agency, sampling
and analysis of the hazardous waste (and other fuels and industrial furnace
feedstocks as appropriate), residues, and exhaust emissions must be conducted
to verify that the operating requirements established in the permit achieve the
applicable standards of Sections 726.204, 726.205, 726.206, and
726.207.
B) All monitors
must record data in units corresponding to the permit limit unless otherwise
specified in the permit.
C) The BIF
and associated equipment (pumps, valves, pipes, fuel storage tanks, etc.) must
be subjected to thorough visual inspection when it contains hazardous waste, at
least daily for leaks, spills, fugitive emissions, and signs of
tampering.
D) The automatic
hazardous waste feed cutoff system and associated alarms must be tested at
least once every seven days when hazardous waste is burned to verify
operability, unless the applicant demonstrates to the Agency that weekly
inspections will unduly restrict or upset operations and that less frequent
inspections will be adequate. At a minimum, operational testing must be
conducted at least once every 30 days.
E) These monitoring and inspection data must
be recorded and the records must be placed in the operating record required by
35 Ill. Adm. Code
724.173.
9) Direct Transfer to the Burner.
If hazardous waste is directly transferred from a transport vehicle to a BIF
without the use of a storage unit, the owner and operator must comply with
Section
726.211.
10) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator must
maintain in the operating record of the facility all information and data
required by this Section for five years.
11) Closure. At closure, the owner or
operator must remove all hazardous waste and hazardous waste residues
(including, but not limited to, ash, scrubber waters, and scrubber sludges)
from the BIF.