Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
a) Any landfill that is not covered by
subsection (c) or 35 Ill. Adm. Code
725.401(a)
must have a liner system for all portions of the landfill (except for existing
portions of such landfill). The liner system must have the following:
1) A liner that is designed, constructed, and
installed to prevent any migration of wastes out of the landfill to the
adjacent subsurface soil or groundwater or surface water at any time during the
active life (including the closure period) of the landfill. The liner must be
constructed of materials that prevent wastes from passing into the liner during
the active life of the facility. The liner must fulfill the following:
A) It must be constructed of materials that
have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness to
prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external
hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or leachate to which
they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation and the
stress of daily operation;
B) It
must be placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the
liner and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent
failure of the liner due to settlement, compression, or uplift; and
C) It must be installed to cover all
surrounding earth likely to be in contact with the waste or leachate;
and
2) A leachate
collection and removal system immediately above the liner that is designed,
constructed, maintained, and operated to collect and remove leachate from the
landfill. The Agency must specify design and operating conditions in the permit
to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one
foot). The leachate collection and removal system must fulfill the following:
A) Constructed of materials that fulfill the
following:
i) Chemically resistant to the
waste managed in the landfill and the leachate expected to be generated;
and
ii) Of sufficient strength and
thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes,
waste cover materials, and any equipment used at the landfill; and
B) Designed and operated to
function without clogging through the scheduled closure of the
landfill.
b)
The owner or operator will be exempted from the requirements of subsection (a)
if the Board grants an adjusted standard pursuant to Section 28.1 of the Act
and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101 and 104. The level of justification is a
demonstration by the owner or operator that alternative design or operating
practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration
of any hazardous constituents (see Section
724.193)
into the groundwater or surface water at any future time. In deciding whether
to grant an adjusted standard, the Board will consider the following:
1) The nature and quantity of the
wastes;
2) The proposed alternative
design and operation;
3) The
hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including the attenuative capacity and
thickness of the liners and soils present between the landfill and groundwater
or surface water; and
4) All other
factors that influence the quality and mobility of the leachate produced and
the potential for it to migrate to groundwater or surface water.
c) The owner or operator of each
new landfill unit on which construction commences after January 29, 1992, each
lateral expansion of a landfill unit on which construction commenced after July
29, 1992, and each replacement of an existing landfill unit that was to
commence reuse after July 29, 1992, must install two or more liners and a
leachate collection and removal system above and between such liners.
"Construction commenced" is as defined in 35 Ill. Adm. Code
720.110 under
"existing facility".
1) Liner requirements.
A) The liner system must include the
following:
i) A top liner designed and
constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of
hazardous constituents into such liner during the active life and post-closure
care period; and
ii) A composite
bottom liner, consisting of at least two components. The upper component must
be designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the
migration of hazardous constituents into this component during the active life
and post-closure care period. The lower component must be designed and
constructed of materials to minimize the migration of hazardous constituents if
a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component must be
constructed of at least 3 feet (91 cm) of compacted soil material with a
hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1x10-7
cm/sec.
B) The liners
must comply with subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), and (a)(1)(C).
2) The leachate collection and
removal system immediately above the top liner must be designed, constructed,
operated, and maintained to collect and remove leachate from the landfill
during the active life and post-closure care period. The Agency must specify
design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth
over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one foot). The leachate collection and
removal system must comply with subsections (c)(3)(C) and (c)(3)(D).
3) The leachate collection and removal system
between the liners, and immediately above the bottom composite liner in the
case of multiple leachate collection and removal systems, is also a leak
detection system (LDS). This LDS must be capable of detecting, collecting, and
removing leaks of hazardous constituents at the earliest practicable time
through all areas of the top liner likely to be exposed to waste or leachate
during the active life and post-closure care period. The requirements for a LDS
in this subsection (c) are satisfied by installation of a system that, at a
minimum, fulfills the following:
A) It is
constructed with a bottom slope of one percent or more;
B) It is constructed of granular drainage
materials with a hydraulic conductivity of 1x10-2
cm/sec or more and a thickness of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more; or constructed
of synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of
3x10-5 m2/sec or
more;
C) It is constructed of
materials that are chemically resistant to the waste managed in the landfill
and the leachate expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and
thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes,
waste cover materials, and equipment used at the landfill;
D) It is designed and operated to minimize
clogging during the active life and post-closure care period; and
E) It is constructed with sumps and liquid
removal methods (e.g., pumps) of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids
from the sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each
unit must have its own sumps. The design of each sump and removal system must
provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in
the sump and of liquids removed.
4) The owner or operator must collect and
remove pumpable liquids in the LDS sumps to minimize the head on the bottom
liner.
5) The owner or operator of
a LDS that is not located completely above the seasonal high water table must
demonstrate that the operation of the LDS will not be adversely affected by the
presence of ground water.
d) Subsection (c) will not apply if the owner
or operator demonstrates to the Agency, and the Agency finds for such landfill,
that alternative design or operating practices, together with location
characteristics, will do the following:
1) It
will prevent the migration of any hazardous constituent into the groundwater or
surface water at least as effectively as the liners and leachate collection and
removal systems, specified in subsection (c); and
2) It will allow detection of leaks of
hazardous constituents through the top liner at least as effectively.
e) The Agency must not require a
double liner as set forth in subsection (c) for any monofill, if the following
is true:
1) The monofill contains only
hazardous wastes from foundry furnace emission controls or metal casting
molding sand, and such wastes do not contain constituents that render the
wastes hazardous for reasons other than the toxicity characteristics in 35 Ill.
Adm. Code
721.124,
with USEPA hazardous waste numbers D004 through D017; and
2) No Migration Demonstration
A) Design and Location Requirements
i) The monofill has at least one liner for
which there is no evidence that such liner is leaking;
ii) The monofill is located more than
one-quarter mile from an underground source of drinking water (as that term is
defined in 35 Ill. Adm. Code
702.110;
and
iii) The monofill is in
compliance with generally applicable groundwater monitoring requirements for
facilities with RCRA permits; or
B) The owner or operator demonstrates to the
Board that the monofill is located, designed, and operated so as to assure that
there will be no migration of any hazardous constituent into groundwater or
surface water at any future time.
f) The owner or operator of any replacement
landfill unit is exempt from subsection (c) if the following is true:
1) The existing unit was constructed in
compliance with the design standards of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724.401(c), (d), and
(e); and
BOARD NOTE: The cited subsections implemented the design
standards of sections 3004(o)(1)(A)(i) and (o)(5) of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (
42
USC 6924(o)(1)(A)(i) and
(o)(5)) .
2) There is no reason to believe that the
liner is not functioning as designed.
g) The owner or operator must design,
construct, operate, and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing
flow onto the active portion of the landfill during peak discharge from at
least a 25-year storm.
h) The owner
or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a run-off management
system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a
24-hour, 25-year storm.
i)
Collection and holding facilities (e.g., tanks or basins) associated with
run-on and run-off control systems must be emptied or otherwise managed
expeditiously after storms to maintain design capacity of the system.
j) If the landfill contains any particulate
matter that may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or operator must cover
or otherwise manage the landfill to control wind dispersal.
k) The Agency must specify in the permit all
design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that the
requirements of this Section are satisfied.
