Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
a) A waste pile (except for an existing
portion of a waste pile) must have the following:
1) A liner that is designed, constructed, and
installed to prevent any migration of wastes out of the pile into the adjacent
subsurface soil or groundwater or surface water at any time during the active
life (including the closure period) of the waste pile. The liner may be
constructed of materials that may allow waste to migrate into the liner itself
(but not into the adjacent subsurface soil or groundwater or surface water)
during the active life of the facility. The liner must be as follows:
A) Constructed of materials that have
appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness to
prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external
hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or leachate to which
they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and the
stress of daily operation;
B)
Placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the liner and
resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent failure
of the liner due to settlement, compression, or uplift; and
C) Installed to cover all surrounding earth
likely to be in contact with the waste or leachate; and
2) A leachate collection and removal system
immediately above the liner that is designed, constructed, maintained, and
operated to collect and remove leachate from the pile. The Agency must specify
design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth
over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one foot). The leachate collection and
removal system must be as follows:
A)
Constructed of materials that are as follows:
i) Chemically resistant to the waste managed
in the pile and the leachate expected to be generated; and
ii) Of sufficient strength and thickness to
prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover
materials and by any equipment used at the pile; and
B) Designed and operated to function without
clogging through the scheduled closure of the waste pile.
b) The owner or operator will be
exempted from the requirements of subsection (a) if the Board grants an
adjusted standard pursuant to Section 28.1 of the Act and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 101
and 104. The level of justification is a demonstration by the owner or operator
that alternative design or operating practices, together with location
characteristics, will prevent the migration of any hazardous constituents (see
Section
724.193)
into the groundwater or surface water at any future time. In deciding whether
to grant an adjusted standard, the Board will consider the following:
1) The nature and quantity of the
wastes;
2) The proposed alternative
design and operation;
3) The
hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including attenuative capacity and
thickness of the liners and soils present between the pile and groundwater or
surface water; and
4) All other
factors that influence the quality and mobility of the leachate produced and
the potential for it to migrate to groundwater or surface water.
c) The owner or operator of each
new waste pile unit, each lateral expansion of a waste pile unit, and each
replacement of an existing waste pile unit must install two or more liners and
a leachate collection and removal system above and between such liners.
1) Liners
A) The liner system must include the
following:
i) A top liner designed and
constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of
hazardous constituents into such liner during the active life and post-closure
care period; and
ii) A composite
bottom liner, consisting of at least two components. The upper component must
be designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the
migration of hazardous constituents into this component during the active life
and post-closure care period. The lower component must be designed and
constructed of materials to minimize the migration of hazardous constituents if
a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component must be
constructed of at least 3 feet (91 cm) of compacted soil material with a
hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1 x 10-7
cm/sec.
B) The liners
must comply with subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), and (a)(1)(C).
2) The leachate collection and
removal system immediately above the top liner must be designed, constructed,
operated, and maintained to collect and remove leachate from the waste pile
during the active life and post-closure care period. The Agency must specify
design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth
over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one foot). The leachate collection and
removal system must comply with subsections (c)(3)(C) and (c)(3)(D).
3) The leachate collection and removal system
between the liners, and immediately above the bottom composite liner in the
case of multiple leachate collection and removal systems, is also a leak
detection system (LDS). This LDS must be capable of detecting, collecting and
removing leaks of hazardous constituents at the earliest practicable time
through all areas of the top liner likely to be exposed to waste or leachate
during the active life and post-closure care period. The requirements for a LDS
in this subsection (c) are satisfied by installation of a system that is, at a
minimum, as follows:
A) Constructed with a
bottom slope of one percent or more;
B) Constructed of granular drainage materials
with a hydraulic conductivity of 1x10-2 cm/sec or
more and a thickness of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more; or constructed of
synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of
3x10-5 m2/sec or
more;
C) Constructed of materials
that are chemically resistant to the waste managed in the waste pile and the
leachate expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and thickness to
prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover
materials, and equipment used at the waste pile;
D) Designed and operated to minimize clogging
during the active life and post-closure care period; and
E) Constructed with sumps and liquid removal
methods (e.g., pumps) of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids from the
sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each unit
must have its own sumps. The design of each sump and removal system must
provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in
the sump and of liquids removed.
4) The owner or operator must collect and
remove pumpable liquids in the LDS sumps to minimize the head on the bottom
liner.
5) The owner or operator of
a LDS that is not located completely above the seasonal high water table must
demonstrate that the operation of the LDS will not be adversely affected by the
presence of groundwater.
d) The Agency must approve alternative design
or operating practices to those specified in subsection (c) if the owner or
operator demonstrates to the Agency, by way of permit or permit modification
application, that such design or operating practices, together with location
characteristics, will do the following:
1)
Will prevent the migration of any hazardous constituent into the ground water
or surface water at least as effectively as the liners and leachate collection
and removal systems specified in subsection (c); and
2) Will allow detection of leaks of hazardous
constituents through the top liner at least as effectively.
e) Subsection (c) does not apply
to monofills that are granted a waiver by the Agency in accordance with Section
724.321(e).
f) The owner or operator of any replacement
waste pile unit is exempt from subsection (c) if the following are true:
1) The existing unit was constructed in
compliance with the design standards of section 3004(o)(1)(A)(i) and (o)(5) of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (
42
USC 6924(o)(1)(A)(i) and
(o)(5)); and
BOARD NOTE: The cited provisions required the installation of
two or more liners and a leachate collection system above (in the case of a
landfill) and between such liners, including a top liner designed, operated and
constructed of materials to prevent the migration of any constituent into such
liner during the period the facility remained in operation (including any
post-closure monitoring period), and a lower liner to prevent the migration of
any constituent through the liner during such period. The lower liner was
deemed to satisfy the requirement if it was constructed of at least a 3-foot
thick layer of recompacted clay or other natural material with a permeability
of no more than 1x10-7 cm/sec.
2) There is no reason to believe that the
liner is not functioning as designed.
g) The owner or operator must design,
construct, operate, and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing
flow onto the active portion of the pile during peak discharge from at least a
25-year storm.
h) The owner or
operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a run-off management
system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a
24-hour, 25-year storm.
i)
Collection and holding facilities (e.g., tanks or basins) associated with
run-on and run-off control systems must be emptied or otherwise managed
expeditiously after storms to maintain design capacity of the system.
j) If the pile contains any particulate
matter that may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or operator must cover
or otherwise manage the pile to control wind dispersal.
k) The Agency must specify in the permit all
design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that the
requirements of this Section are satisfied.