Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
a)
The provisions of this Section apply to the control of air pollutant emissions
from surface impoundments for which Section
724.982(b)
references the use of this Section for such air emission control.
b) The owner or operator must control air
pollutant emissions from the surface impoundment by installing and operating
either of the following:
1) A floating
membrane cover in accordance with the provisions specified in subsection (c);
or
2) A cover that is vented
through a closed-vent system to a control device in accordance with the
provisions specified in subsection (d).
c) The owner or operator that controls air
pollutant emissions from a surface impoundment using a floating membrane cover
must meet the requirements specified in subsections (c)(1) through (c)(3).
1) The surface impoundment must be equipped
with a floating membrane cover designed to meet the following specifications:
A) The floating membrane cover must be
designed to float on the liquid surface during normal operations and form a
continuous barrier over the entire surface area of the liquid.
B) The cover must be fabricated from a
synthetic membrane material that is either of the following:
i) High density polyethylene (HDPE) with a
thickness no less than 2.5 millimeters (mm) (0.098 in); or
ii) A material or a composite of different
materials determined to have both organic permeability properties that are
equivalent to those of the material listed in subsection (c)(1)(B)(i) and
chemical and physical properties that maintain the material integrity for the
intended service life of the material.
C) The cover must be installed in such a
manner that there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces
between cover section seams or between the interface of the cover edge and its
foundation mountings.
D) Except as
provided for in subsection (c)(1)(E), each opening in the floating membrane
cover must be equipped with a closure device so designed as to operate that
when the closure device is secured in the closed position there are no visible
cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure device or between the
perimeter of the cover opening and the closure device.
E) The floating membrane cover may be
equipped with one or more emergency cover drains for removal of stormwater.
Each emergency cover drain must be equipped with a slotted membrane fabric
cover that covers at least 90 percent of the area of the opening or a flexible
fabric sleeve seal.
F) The closure
devices must be made of suitable materials that will minimize exposure of the
hazardous waste to the atmosphere, to the extent practical, and will maintain
the integrity of the closure devices throughout their intended service life.
Factors to be considered when selecting the materials of construction and
designing the cover and closure devices must include the following: the organic
vapor permeability; the effects of any contact with the liquid and its vapor
managed in the surface impoundment; the effects of outdoor exposure to wind,
moisture, and sunlight; and the operating practices used for the surface
impoundment on which the floating membrane cover is installed.
2) Whenever a hazardous waste is
in the surface impoundment, the floating membrane cover must float on the
liquid and each closure device must be secured in the closed position, except
as follows:
A) Opening of closure devices or
removal of the cover is allowed at the following times:
i) To provide access to the surface
impoundment for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or other activities
needed for normal operations. Examples of such activities include those times
when a worker needs to open a port to sample the liquid in the surface
impoundment, or when a worker needs to open a hatch to maintain or repair
equipment. Following completion of the activity, the owner or operator must
promptly replace the cover and secure the closure device in the closed
position, as applicable.
ii) To
remove accumulated sludge or other residues from the bottom of surface
impoundment.
B) Opening
of a safety device, as defined in 35 Ill. Adm. Code
725.981, is allowed
at any time conditions require doing so to avoid an unsafe condition.
3) The owner or operator must
inspect the floating membrane cover in accordance with the following
procedures:
A) The floating membrane cover
and its closure devices must be visually inspected by the owner or operator to
check for defects that could result in air pollutant emissions. Defects
include, but are not limited to, visible cracks, holes, or gaps in the cover
section seams or between the interface of the cover edge and its foundation
mountings; broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged seals or gaskets on closure
devices; and broken or missing hatches, access covers, caps, or other closure
devices.
B) The owner or operator
must perform an initial inspection of the floating membrane cover and its
closure devices on or before the date that the surface impoundment becomes
subject to this Section. Thereafter, the owner or operator must perform the
inspections at least once every year except for the special conditions provided
for in subsection (g).
C) In the
event that a defect is detected, the owner or operator must repair the defect
in accordance with the requirements of subsection (f).
D) The owner or operator must maintain a
record of the inspection in accordance with the requirements specified in
Section
724.989(c).
d) The owner or operator that controls air
pollutant emissions from a surface impoundment using a cover vented to a
control device must meet the requirements specified in subsections (d)(1)
through (d)(3).
1) The surface impoundment
must be covered by a cover and vented directly through a closed-vent system to
a control device in accordance with the following requirements:
A) The cover and its closure devices must be
designed to form a continuous barrier over the entire surface area of the
liquid in the surface impoundment.
B) Each opening in the cover not vented to
the control device must be equipped with a closure device. If the pressure in
the vapor headspace underneath the cover is less than atmospheric pressure when
the control device is operating, the closure devices must be designed to
operate such that when the closure device is secured in the closed position
there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure
device or between the perimeter of the cover opening and the closure device. If
the pressure in the vapor headspace underneath the cover is equal to or greater
than atmospheric pressure when the control device is operating, the closure
device must be designed to operate with no detectable organic emissions using
the procedure specified in Section
724.983(d).
C) The cover and its closure devices must be
made of suitable materials that will minimize exposure of the hazardous waste
to the atmosphere to the extent practical and which will maintain the integrity
of the cover and closure devices throughout their intended service life.
Factors to be considered when selecting the materials of construction and
designing the cover and closure devices must include the following: the organic
vapor permeability; the effects of any contact with the liquid or its vapors
managed in the surface impoundment; the effects of outdoor exposure to wind,
moisture, and sunlight; and the operating practices used for the surface
impoundment on which the cover is installed.
D) The closed-vent system and control device
must be designed and operated in accordance with the requirements of Section
724.987.
2) Whenever a hazardous waste is in the
surface impoundment, the cover must be installed with each closure device
secured in the closed position and the vapor headspace underneath the cover
vented to the control device, except as follows:
A) Venting to the control device is not
required, and opening of closure devices or removal of the cover is allowed at
the following times:
i) To provide access to
the surface impoundment for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or
other activities needed for normal operations. Examples of such activities
include those times when a worker needs to open a port to sample liquid in the
surface impoundment, or when a worker needs to open a hatch to maintain or
repair equipment. Following completion of the activity, the owner or operator
must promptly secure the closure device in the closed position or reinstall the
cover, as applicable, to the surface impoundment.
ii) To remove accumulated sludge or other
residues from the bottom of the surface impoundment.
B) Opening of a safety device, as defined in
35 Ill. Adm. Code 725.981, is allowed at any time conditions require doing so
to avoid an unsafe condition.
3) The owner or operator must inspect and
monitor the air emission control equipment in accordance with the following
procedures:
A) The surface impoundment cover
and its closure devices must be visually inspected by the owner or operator to
check for defects that could result in air pollutant emissions. Defects
include, but are not limited to, visible cracks, holes, or gaps in the cover
section seams or between the interface of the cover edge and its foundation
mountings; broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged seals or gaskets on closure
devices; and broken or missing hatches, access covers, caps, or other closure
devices.
B) The closed-vent system
and control device must be inspected and monitored by the owner or operator in
accordance with the procedures specified in Section 724.987.
C) The owner or operator must perform an
initial inspection of the air emission control equipment on or before the date
that the surface impoundment becomes subject to this Section. Thereafter, the
owner or operator must perform the inspections at least once every year except
for the special conditions provided for in subsection (g).
D) In the event that a defect is detected,
the owner or operator must repair the defect in accordance with the
requirements of subsection (f).
E)
The owner or operator must maintain a record of the inspection in accordance
with the requirements specified in Section
724.989(c).
e) The owner or operator must
transfer hazardous waste to a surface impoundment subject to this Section in
accordance with the following requirements:
1) Transfer of hazardous waste, except as
provided in subsection (e)(2), to the surface impoundment from another surface
impoundment subject to this Section or from a tank subject to Section
724.984 must be
conducted using continuous hard-piping or another closed system that does not
allow exposure of the waste to the atmosphere. For the purpose of complying
with this provision, an individual drain system is considered to be a closed
system when it meets the requirements of subpart RR of 40 CFR 63 (National
Emission Standards for Individual Drain Systems), incorporated by reference in
35 Ill. Adm. Code
720.111(b).
2) The requirements of subsection (e)(1) do
not apply when transferring a hazardous waste to the surface impoundment under
any of the following conditions:
A) The
hazardous waste meets the average VO concentration conditions specified in
Section
724.982(c)(1)
at the point of waste origination.
B) The hazardous waste has been treated by an
organic destruction or removal process to meet the requirements in Section
724.982(c)(2).
C) The hazardous waste meets the requirements
of Section
724.982(c)(4).
f) The owner or operator must repair each
defect detected during an inspection performed in accordance with the
requirements of subsection (c)(3) or (d)(3) as follows:
1) The owner or operator must make first
efforts at repair of the defect no later than five calendar days after
detection and repair must be completed as soon as possible but no later than 45
calendar days after detection except as provided in subsection
(f)(2).
2) Repair of a defect may
be delayed beyond 45 calendar days if the owner or operator determines that
repair of the defect requires emptying or temporary removal from service of the
surface impoundment and no alternative capacity is available at the site to
accept the hazardous waste normally managed in the surface impoundment. In this
case, the owner or operator must repair the defect the next time the process or
unit that is generating the hazardous waste managed in the surface impoundment
stops operation. Repair of the defect must be completed before the process or
unit resumes operation.
g) Following the initial inspection and
monitoring of the cover, as required by the applicable provisions of this
Subpart CC, subsequent inspection and monitoring may be performed at intervals
longer than one year in the case when inspecting or monitoring the cover would
expose a worker to dangerous, hazardous, or other unsafe conditions. In this
case, the owner or operator may designate the cover as an "unsafe to inspect
and monitor cover" and comply with all of the following requirements:
1) Prepare a written explanation for the
cover stating the reasons why the cover is unsafe to visually inspect or to
monitor, if required.
2) Develop
and implement a written plan and schedule to inspect and monitor the cover
using the procedures specified in the applicable Section of this Subpart CC as
frequently as practicable during those times when a worker can safely access
the cover.