1) TTHMs and HAA5
A) Routine Monitoring. A supplier must
monitor at the following frequency:
i) A
Subpart B system supplier that serves 10,000 or more persons must collect four
water samples per quarter per treatment plant. At least 25 percent of all
samples collected each quarter must be collected at locations representing
maximum residence time. The remaining samples may be taken at locations
representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system
and representing the entire distribution system, taking into account the number
of persons served, the different sources of water, and the different treatment
methods.
ii) A Subpart B system
supplier that serves from 500 to 9,999 persons must collect one water sample
per quarter per treatment plant. The samples must be collected from locations
representing maximum residence time.
iii) A Subpart B system supplier that serves
fewer than 500 persons must collect one sample per year per treatment plant
during month of warmest water temperature. The samples must be collected from
locations representing maximum residence time. If the sample (or average of
annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds the MCL, the supplier
must increase the monitoring frequency to one sample per treatment plant per
quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in the
distribution system, until the supplier meets the standards in subsection
(b)(1)(D).
iv) A supplier that uses
only groundwater not under direct influence of surface water, which uses
chemical disinfectant, and which serves 10,000 or more persons must collect one
water sample per quarter per treatment plant. The samples must be collected
from locations representing maximum residence time.
v) A supplier that uses only groundwater not
under direct influence of surface water, which uses chemical disinfectant, and
which serves fewer than 10,000 persons must collect one sample per year per
treatment plant during month of warmest water temperature. The samples must be
collected from locations representing maximum residence time. If the sample (or
average of annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds MCL, the
supplier must increase monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per
quarter, taken at a point reflecting the maximum residence time in the
distribution system, until the supplier meets standards in subsection
(b)(1)(D).
BOARD NOTE: If a supplier elects to sample more frequently
than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each
quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) must be
taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in
the distribution system. The remaining samples must be taken at locations
representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system.
For a supplier using groundwater not under the direct influence of surface
water, multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer may be considered one
treatment plant for determining the minimum number of samples required, with
Agency approval.
B) A supplier may reduce monitoring, except
as otherwise provided, in accordance with the following:
i) A Subpart B system supplier that serves
10,000 or more persons and which has a source water annual average TOC level,
before any treatment, of less than or equal to 4.0 mg/l may reduce monitoring
if it has monitored for at least one year and its TTHM annual average is less
than or equal to 0.040 mg/l and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to
0.030 mg/l. The reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per
treatment plant per quarter at a distribution system location reflecting
maximum residence time.
ii) A
Subpart B system supplier that serves from 500 to 9,999 persons and which has a
source water annual average TOC level, before any treatment, of less than or
equal to 4.0 mg/l may reduce monitoring if it has monitored at least one year
and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/l and HAA5 annual
average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/l. The reduced monitoring allowed is
a minimum of one sample per treatment plant per year at a distribution system
location reflecting maximum residence time during month of warmest water
temperature.
BOARD NOTE: Any Subpart B system supplier that serves fewer
than 500 persons may not reduce its monitoring to less than one sample per
treatment plant per year.
iii) A supplier using only groundwater not
under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and that
serves 10,000 or more persons may reduce monitoring if it has monitored at
least one year and its TTHM annual average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/l
and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/l. The reduced
monitoring allowed is a minimum of one sample per treatment plant per year at a
distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during month of
warmest water temperature.
iv) A
supplier using only groundwater not under direct influence of surface water
that uses chemical disinfectant and which serves fewer than 10,000 persons may
reduce monitoring if it has monitored at least one year and its TTHM annual
average is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/l and HAA5 annual average is less
than or equal to 0.030 mg/l for two consecutive years or TTHM annual average is
less than or equal to 0.020 mg/l and HAA5 annual average is less than or equal
to 0.015 mg/l for one year. The reduced monitoring allowed is a minimum of one
sample per treatment plant per three year monitoring cycle at a distribution
system location reflecting maximum residence time during month of warmest water
temperature, with the three-year cycle beginning on January 1 following the
quarter in which the supplier qualifies for reduced monitoring.
C) Monitoring Requirements for
Source Water TOC. In order to qualify for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5
under subsection (b)(1)(B), a Subpart B system supplier not monitoring under
the provisions of subsection (d) must take monthly TOC samples every 30 days at
a location prior to any treatment. In addition to meeting other criteria for
reduced monitoring in subsection (b)(1)(B), the source water TOC running annual
average must be [POUND] 4.0 mg/l (based on the most recent four quarters of
monitoring) on a continuing basis at each treatment plant to reduce or remain
on reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5. Once qualified for reduced monitoring
for TTHM and HAA5 under subsection (b)(1)(B), a system may reduce source water
TOC monitoring to quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior
to any treatment.
D) A Subpart B
system supplier on a reduced monitoring schedule may remain on that reduced
schedule as long as the average of all samples taken in the year (for a
supplier that must monitor quarterly) or the result of the sample (for a
supplier that must monitor no more frequently than annually) is no more than
0.060 mg/l and 0.045 mg/l for TTHMs and HAA5, respectively. A supplier that
does not meet these levels must resume monitoring at the frequency identified
in subsection (b)(1)(A) in the quarter immediately following the monitoring
period in which the supplier exceeds 0.060 mg/l for TTHMs or 0.045 mg/l for
HAA5. For a supplier that uses only groundwater not under the direct influence
of surface water and which serves fewer than 10,000 persons, if either the TTHM
annual average is greater than 0.080 mg/l or the HAA5 annual average is greater
than 0.060 mg/l, the supplier must go to increased monitoring identified in
subsection (b)(1)(A) in the quarter immediately following the monitoring period
in which the supplier exceeds 0.080 mg/l for TTHMs or 0.060 mg/l for
HAA5.
E) The Agency may return a
supplier to routine monitoring.
2) Chlorite. A CWS or NTNCWS supplier using
chlorine dioxide, for disinfection or oxidation, must conduct monitoring for
chlorite.
A) Routine Monitoring
i) Daily Monitoring. A supplier must take
daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample
that exceeds the chlorite MCL, the supplier must take additional samples in the
distribution system the following day at the locations required by subsection
(b)(2)(B), in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the
distribution system.
ii) Monthly
Monitoring. A supplier must take a three-sample set each month in the
distribution system. The supplier must take one sample at each of the following
locations: near the first customer, at a location representative of average
residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the
distribution system. Any additional routine sampling must be conducted in the
same manner (as three-sample sets, at the specified locations). The supplier
may use the results of additional monitoring conducted under subsection
(b)(2)(B) to meet the requirement for monitoring in this subsection
(b)(2)(A)(ii).
B)
Additional Monitoring. On each day following a routine sample monitoring result
that exceeds the chlorite MCL at the entrance to the distribution system, the
supplier must take three chlorite distribution system samples at the following
locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in a location
representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the
distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the
distribution system).
C) Reduced
Monitoring
i) Chlorite monitoring at the
entrance to the distribution system required by subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) may not
be reduced.
ii) Chlorite monitoring
in the distribution system required by subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) may be reduced
to one three-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring where no
individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system under subsection
(b)(2)(A)(ii) has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the supplier has not been
required to conduct monitoring under subsection (b)(2)(B). The supplier may
remain on the reduced monitoring schedule until either any of the three
individual chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system under
subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii) exceeds the chlorite MCL or the supplier is required
to conduct monitoring under subsection (b)(2)(B), at which time the supplier
must revert to routine monitoring.
3) Bromate
A) Routine Monitoring. A CWS or NTNCWS
supplier using ozone, for disinfection or oxidation, must take one sample per
month for each treatment plant in the system using ozone. A supplier must take
samples monthly at the entrance to the distribution system while the ozonation
system is operating under normal conditions.
B) Reduced Monitoring. A supplier required to
analyze for bromate may reduce monitoring from monthly to quarterly if the
supplier's running annual average bromate concentration is not greater than
0.0025 mg/l based on monthly bromate measurements under subsection (b)(3)(A)
for the most recent four quarters, with samples analyzed using USEPA 302.0(09),
USEPA 317.0(01), USEPA 321.8(97), USEPA 326.0(02), or USEPA 557 (09), each
incorporated by reference in Section
611.102.
If a supplier has qualified for reduced bromate monitoring under subsection
(b)(3)(B)(i), that supplier may remain on reduced monitoring as long as the
running annual average of quarterly bromate samples not greater than 0.0025
mg/l based on samples analyzed using USEPA 302.0(09), USEPA 317.0(01), USEPA
321.8(97), 326.0(02), or USEPA 557 (09). If the running annual average bromate
concentration is greater than 0.0025 mg/l, the supplier must resume routine
monitoring required by subsection (b)(3)(A).