Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
a) The methods specified in subsections
(a)(1) through (a)(6) of this Section shall be used to determine whether the
gas collection system is in compliance with Section
220.220
of this Subpart.
1) To calculate the maximum
expected gas generation flow rate from the MSW landfill, one of the following
equations shall be used. The k and Lo kinetic factors
shall be those published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
(AP-42) incorporated by reference in Section
220.130
of this Part, or other site-specific emission factors approved by the Agency.
If k has been determined as specified in Section
220.260(a)(4)
of this Subpart, the value of k determined from the test shall be used. A value
of no more than 15 years shall be used for the intended use period of the gas
mover equipment, the variable t. The active life of the landfill is the age of
the landfill plus the estimated number of years until closure.
A) For sites with unknown year-to-year solid
waste acceptance rate:
where:
|
Qm
|
=
|
maximum expected gas generation flow rate,
m3/yr
|
|
Lo
|
=
|
methane generation potential,
m3 per Mg solid waste
|
|
R
|
=
|
average annual acceptance rate, Mg/yr
|
|
k
|
=
|
methane generation rate constant,
yr-1
|
|
t
|
=
|
age in years of the landfill at equipment
installation plus time the owner or operator intends to use the gas mover
equipment or active life of the landfill, whichever is less. If the equipment
is installed after closure, t in years is the age of the landfill at
installation
|
|
c
|
=
|
time since closure, years (for an active landfill c =
0 and e-kc=1)
|
B)
For sites with known year-to-year solid waste acceptance rates:
|
Qm
|
=
|
n
|
2kLoMi(e-kti)
|
|
[SIGMA]
|
|
i=1
|
where:
|
Qm
|
=
|
maximum expected gas generation flow rate,
m3/yr
|
|
k
|
=
|
methane generation rate constant,
yr-1
|
|
Lo
|
=
|
methane generation potential,
m3 per Mg solid waste
|
|
Mi
|
=
|
mass of solid waste in the
ith section, Mg
|
|
ti
|
=
|
age of the ith section,
yr
|
C)
If a collection and control system has been installed, actual flow data may be
used to project the maximum expected gas generation flow rate instead of, or in
conjunction with, the equations in subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(1)(B) of this
Section. If the landfill is still accepting waste, the actual measured flow
data will not equal the maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations
made using the equations in subsection (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B) of this Section
or other methods shall be used to predict the maximum gas generation rate over
the intended period of use of the gas control system equipment.
2) For the purpose of determining
the sufficient number of gas collectors, the owner or operator shall design a
system of vertical wells, horizontal collectors, or other type of collection
device, capable of controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the
landfill sufficient to meet the operational and performance standards of
Sections
220.220
through
220.250.
Such design must be approved by the Agency as part of an air construction
permit or a CAAPP permit, if the gas collection system was installed prior to
July 31, 1998.
3) For the purpose
of demonstrating whether the gas collection system flow rate of an active
collection system is sufficient, the owner or operator shall measure gauge
pressure in the gas collection header at each individual well monthly. If
positive pressure exists, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedence
within 5 calendar days, except for the three conditions allowed under Section
220.250(b)
of this Subpart. If negative pressure cannot be achieved without excess air
infiltration within 15 calendar days after the first measurement, the gas
collection system shall be expanded to correct the exceedence within 120 days
after the initial measurement of positive pressure. Any attempted corrective
measure must not cause exceedences of other operational or performance
standards. An alternate timeline for correcting the exceedence may be submitted
to the Agency for approval.
4)
Owners or operators are not required to expand the system, as required in
subsection (a)(3) of this Section, during the first 180 days after gas
collection system startup.
5) For
purposes of identifying whether excess air infiltration into the landfill is
occurring, the owner or operator shall monitor each well on a monthly basis for
temperature and nitrogen or oxygen, as provided in Section
220.250(c)
of this Subpart. If a well exceeds one of these operating parameters, action
shall be initiated to correct the exceedence within 5 calendar days. If
correction of the exceedence cannot be achieved within 15 calendar days after
the first measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct
the exceedence within 120 days after the initial exceedence. An alternate
timeline for correcting the exceedence may be submitted to the Agency for
approval.
6) An owner or operator
using a collection system that does not conform to the specifications provided
in Section
220.220(b) or
(c) of this Subpart shall provide
information satisfactory to the Agency, as specified in Section
220.220(d)
of this Subpart, demonstrating that off-site migration is being
controlled.
b) To comply
with the operational standards in Section
220.250(a)
of this Subpart, each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall install
each well or design component as specified in a construction permit issued by
the Agency. Each well shall be installed no later than 60 days after the date
on which the initial solid waste has been in place for a period of:
1) 5 years or more if active; or
2) 2 years or more if closed or at final
grade.
c) The following
procedures shall be used for compliance with the surface methane operational
standard as provided in Section
220.250(d)
of this Subpart.
1) After installation of the
collection system, the owner or operator shall monitor surface concentrations
of methane along the entire perimeter of the collection area and along a
pattern that traverses the landfill at 30-meter intervals (or site-specific
established spacing) for each collection area on a quarterly basis using an
organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor
meeting the specifications provided in subsection (d) of this
Section.
2) The background
concentration shall be determined by moving the probe inlet upwind and downwind
outside the boundary of the landfill at a distance of at least 30 meters from
the perimeter wells.
3) Surface
emission monitoring shall be performed in accordance with section
4.3.1 of Method 21 of
Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section
220.130
of this Part, except that the probe inlet shall be placed within 5 to 10 cm of
the ground. Monitoring shall be performed during typical meteorological
conditions.
4) Any reading of 500
ppm or more above background at any location shall be recorded as a monitored
exceedence and the actions specified in subsections (c)(4)(A) through (c)(4)(E)
of this Section shall be taken. As long as the actions specified below are
taken, the exceedence is not a violation of the operational requirements of
Section
220.250(d)
of this Subpart.
A) The location of each
monitored exceedence shall be marked and the location recorded.
B) Cover maintenance or adjustments to the
vacuum of the adjacent wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of
each exceedence shall be made and the location shall be remonitored within 10
calendar days after detecting the exceedence.
C) If the remonitoring of the location shows
a second exceedence, additional corrective action shall be taken and the
location shall be monitored again within 10 days after the second exceedence.
If the remonitoring shows a third exceedence for the same location, the action
specified in subsection (c)(4)(E) of this Section shall be taken. No further
monitoring of that location is required until the action specified in
subsection (c)(4)(E) of this Section has been taken.
D) If the remonitoring of the location does
not show an exceedence, as specified by subsection (c)(4)(B) or (c)(4)(C), the
location shall be remonitored 1 month from the initial exceedence. If the 1
month remonitoring shows a concentration less than 500 ppm above background, no
further monitoring of that location is required until the next quarterly
monitoring period. If the 1 month remonitoring shows an exceedence, the actions
specified in subsection (c)(4)(C) or (c)(4)(E) of this Section, as appropriate,
shall be taken.
E) For any location
where there are three monitored exceedences within a quarterly period, a new
well or other collection device shall be installed within 120 calendar days
after the initial exceedence. An alternate remedy to the exceedence, such as
upgrading the blower, header pipes, or control device, and a corresponding
timeline for installation may be submitted to the Agency for
approval.
5) The owner
or operator shall implement a program to monitor for cover integrity and
implement cover repairs as necessary on a monthly basis.
d) The following instrumentation
specifications and procedures for surface emission monitoring devices apply to
the monitoring required by subsection (c) of this Section:
1) The portable analyzer shall meet the
instrument specifications provided in Section 3, Method 21, Appendix A, 40 CFR
60, incorporated by reference in Section
220.130
of this Part, except that methane shall replace all references to
VOC.
2) The calibration gas shall
be methane, diluted to a nominal concentration of 500 ppm in air.
3) To meet the performance evaluation
requirements in Section 3.1.3, Method 21, Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated
by reference in Section
220.130
of this Part, the instrument evaluation procedures of Section 4.4 of Method 21,
Appendix A, 40 CFR 60, incorporated by reference in Section
220.130
of this Part, shall be used.
4) The
calibration procedures provided in Section 4.2, Method 21, Appendix A, 40 CFR
60, incorporated by reference in Section
220.130
of this Part, shall be followed immediately before commencing a surface
monitoring survey.
e)
The MSW landfill owners or operators are required to comply with the provisions
of this Subpart at all times, except during periods of start-up, shutdown, or
malfunction, provided that the duration of start-up, shutdown, or malfunction
must not exceed 5 days for collection systems and must not exceed 1 hour for
treatment or control devices.
