Illinois Administrative Code
Title 23 - EDUCATION AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Part 27 - STANDARDS FOR ENDORSEMENTS IN SPECIFIC TEACHING FIELDS
Subpart B - FUNDAMENTAL LEARNING AREAS
Section 27.220 - Geography
Universal Citation: 23 IL Admin Code ยง 27.220
Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 38, September 20, 2024
By October 1, 2024, all candidates for an endorsement in Social Science-Geography will be required to complete a program aligned to the NCSS National Standards for the Preparation of Social Studies Teachers (2017), published by the National Council for the Social Studies, 8555 Sixteenth Street, Silver Spring MD 20910, and available at https://www.socialstudies.org/standards/teacherstandards. (No later amendments to or editions of these guidelines are incorporated.) The standards effective until September 30, 2024 are as follows:
a) In addition to the standards for all social science teachers that are set forth in Section 27.200, those who specialize in the teaching of geography shall be required to meet the standards described in this Section.
b) The competent geography teacher understands how to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire and use information about people, places, and environments on Earth.
1) Knowledge
Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) understands how to use maps and other
graphic representations to depict geographic problems.
B) understands how to use technologies to
represent and interpret Earth's physical and human systems.
C) understands how to use geographic
representations and tools to analyze, explain, and solve geographic
problems.
2) Performance
Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) produces, interprets, and evaluates maps
and other graphic representations to solve geographic problems.
B) uses maps and other geographic
representations to analyze world events and suggest solutions to world
problems.
C) uses geographic tools
and technologies to pose and answer questions about spatial distributions and
patterns on Earth.
D) uses
technologies (e.g., satellite images, aerial photographs, Geographic
Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems) to represent, interpret, and
analyze Earth's physical and human systems.
c) The competent geography teacher is able to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context.
1) Knowledge Indicators
- The competent geography teacher:
A)
understands how to use mental maps of physical and human features of the world
to answer complex geographic questions.
B) understands how mental maps reflect the
human perception of places.
C)
understands how mental maps influence spatial and environmental
decision-making.
2)
Performance Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) uses mental maps to analyze physical and
human systems and answer complex geographic questions.
B) identifies the ways in which mental maps
influence human decisions about location, settlement, and public
policy.
C) analyzes ways in which
people's mental maps reflect an individual's attitudes toward places.
D) explains how mental maps influence spatial
and environmental decision-making.
d) The competent geography teacher is able to analyze spatial information about people, places, and environments on Earth's surface.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The
competent geography teacher:
A) understands
the generalizations that describe and explain spatial interaction.
B) understands the models that describe
patterns of spatial organization.
C) understands the spatial behavior of
people.
D) understands how to apply
concepts and models of spatial organization to make decisions.
2) Performance Indicators - The
competent geography teacher:
A) applies
concepts of spatial interaction (e.g., complementarity, intervening
opportunities, distance decay, connections) to account for patterns of movement
on Earth.
B) analyzes and explains
patterns of land use in urban, suburban, and rural areas using terms such as
distance, accessibility, and connections.
C) uses models of spatial organization to
analyze relationships in and between places.
D) applies concepts and models of spatial
organization to make decisions.
e) The competent geography teacher understands the physical and human characteristics of places.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) understands the meaning
and significance of places.
B)
understands the changing physical and human characteristics of
places.
C) understands how
relationships between humans and the physical environment lead to the formation
of places and to a sense of personal and community identity.
2) Performance Indicators - The
competent geography teacher:
A) describes and
interprets physical processes that shape places.
B) explains how social, cultural, and
economic processes shape the features of places.
C) analyzes how technology shapes the
physical and human characteristics of places.
D) evaluates how humans interact with
physical environments to form places.
f) The competent geography teacher understands the concept of regions and how regions are used to interpret Earth's complexity.
1) Knowledge Indicators -
The competent geography teacher:
A)
understands how multiple criteria can be used to define a region.
B) understands the structure of regional
systems.
C) understands the ways in
which physical and human regional systems are interconnected.
2) Performance Indicators - The
competent geography teacher:
A) identifies and
explains the changing criteria that are used to define regions.
B) analyzes the connections and interactions
within and among the parts of regional systems to develop solutions to spatial
problems.
C) analyzes places and
regions in different time periods to identify human and physical changes and to
explain the factors that have contributed to those changes.
D) analyzes regional systems and alliances
(e.g., newspaper circulation, airline service areas, European Union) to explain
how they are interconnected and to determine their spatial impact (e.g.,
movement of people and goods in Europe).
E) explains how the regionalization process
is used to analyze geographic issues (e.g., locating a new shopping
center).
g) The competent geography teacher understands how culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) understands why places
and regions serve as symbols for individuals and society.
B) understands why different groups of people
within a society view places and regions differently.
C) understands how changing perceptions of
places and regions reflect cultural change.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) evaluates the
characteristics of places and regions from a variety of points of
view.
B) explains how technology
affects the ways in which cultural groups perceive and use places and
regions.
C) analyzes human
perceptions of people, places, and regions to determine the impact of different
cultures and experiences.
D)
explains why places and regions are important to individual human identity and
as symbols for unifying or fragmenting society.
E) analyzes the ways in which people's
changing views of places and regions reflect cultural change.
F) explains how human experiences (e.g.,
wedding customs, funerals, social functions) in various places and regions of
the world may be interpreted differently by different cultural
groups.
h) The competent geography teacher understands the physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.
1) Knowledge
Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) understands the dynamics of the four basic
components of Earth's physical systems: the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere,
and hydrosphere.
B) understands the
interaction of Earth's physical systems.
C) understands the spatial variation in the
consequences of physical processes across Earth's surface.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) analyzes physical
processes to identify and explain spatial patterns in the physical
environment.
B) analyzes regions of
Illinois, the United States, and the world to determine how they have been
shaped by different physical processes.
C) explains how earth-sun relationships
affect Earth's physical processes and create physical patterns.
D) predicts the consequences of a specific
physical process operating on Earth's surface.
E) explains the ways in which Earth's
physical processes are dynamic and interactive.
i) The competent geography teacher understands the characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on Earth's surface.
1) Knowledge Indicators -
The competent geography teacher:
A)
understands the distribution and characteristics of ecosystems.
B) understands the bio-diversity and
productivity of ecosystems.
C)
understands the importance of ecosystems in people's understanding of
environmental issues.
2)
Performance Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) analyzes the distribution of ecosystems by
interpreting relationships between soil, climate, and plant and animal
life.
B) evaluates the concept of
ecosystems to understand and solve problems regarding environmental
issues.
C) explains the spatial
distribution of ecosystems from local to global scales.
D) identifies and explains how knowledge of
ecosystems informs human decisions about environmental issues.
j) The competent geography teacher understands the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface.
1)
Knowledge Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) understands trends in world population
numbers and patterns.
B)
understands the impact of human migration on physical and human
systems.
C) understands the reasons
for spatial variations in population distribution.
D) understands the types and historical
patterns of human migration.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) predicts trends in the
spatial distribution of human population on Earth.
B) analyzes population issues and proposes
probable solutions to population problems.
C) explains the economic, political, and
social factors that contribute to human migration.
D) evaluates the impact of human migration on
physical and human systems.
k) The competent geography teacher understands the characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
1) Knowledge Indicators -
The competent geography teacher:
A)
understands the spatial distribution of culture at different scales, local to
global.
B) understands the spatial
characteristics of the processes of cultural convergence and
divergence.
C) understands how
cultures shape the character of a region.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) explains the spatial
processes of cultural convergence and divergence.
B) describes and explains the significance of
patterns of cultural diffusion in the creation of Earth's varied cultural
mosaics.
C) identifies and explains
how different communities, including those affected by migrant populations,
reflect the cultural background of their inhabitants.
D) analyzes how culture influences the
characteristics of regions.
l) The competent geography teacher understands the patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The
competent geography teacher:
A) understands
the classification, characteristics, and spatial distribution of economic
systems.
B) understands how places
of various size function as centers of economic activity.
C) understands the increasing economic
interdependence of the world's countries.
D) understands the geographic causes and
consequences of world trade.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) classifies and
describes the spatial distribution of major economic systems and evaluates
their relative merits in terms of productivity and the social welfare of
workers.
B) identifies and
evaluates the spatial aspect of economic systems, e.g., market areas around
major business establishments.
C)
analyzes and evaluates international economic issues from a spatial point of
view.
D) identifies and explains
the primary geographic causes for world trade.
m) The competent geography teacher understands the processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) understands the
functions and internal structure of cities.
B) understands the differing characteristics
of settlements in developing and developed countries.
C) understands the processes that change the
function and internal structure of cities.
D) understands the evolving forms of
present-day urban areas.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) analyzes the functions,
internal structure, and shape of cities in Illinois, the United States, and the
world.
B) analyzes the
characteristics of urban settlements in developing and developed
countries.
C) evaluates the
physical and human impacts of emerging urban forms (e.g., edge cities,
metropolitan corridors, megalopoli) in Illinois, the United States, and the
world.
D) explains the causes and
consequences of urbanization in Illinois, the United States, and the
world.
E) describes the nature,
causes, and spatial impact of change in urban areas.
n) The competent geography teacher understands how the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) understands why and how
cooperation and conflict are involved in shaping the distribution of social,
political, and economic spaces on Earth.
B) understands the divisions on Earth's
surface at different scales, local to global.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) analyzes how
cooperation and conflict influence the development and control of social,
political, and economic entities on Earth.
B) explains why people cooperate but also
engage in conflict to control Earth's surface.
C) analyzes divisions on Earth's surface at
different scales to identify examples of similar uses of political space at
local, State, national, and international levels.
o) The competent geography teacher understands how human actions modify the physical environment.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The
competent geography teacher:
A) understands
the role of technology in the capacity of the physical environment to
accommodate human modification.
B)
understands the significance of the global impacts of human modification of the
physical environment.
C)
understands how to apply appropriate models and information to understand
environmental problems.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) evaluates the ways in
which technology has expanded the human capability to modify the physical
environment.
B) analyzes and
develops possible solutions to scenarios of environmental change induced by
human modification of the physical environment.
C) analyzes and evaluates the global impacts
of human changes in the physical environment.
p) The competent geography teacher understands how physical systems affect human systems.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) understands how changes
in the physical environment can diminish its capacity to support human
activity.
B) understands how
different physical environments provide opportunities for or place constraints
on human activities.
C) understands
how natural hazards affect human spatial activities.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) analyzes examples of
changes in the physical environment that have reduced the capacity of the
environment to support human activity.
B) explains how the characteristics of
different physical environments affect human activity in Illinois, the United
States, and the world.
C) describes
the effects of natural hazards on human systems in Illinois, the United States
and the world.
q) The competent geography teacher understands the changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources.
1) Knowledge
Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) understands how the spatial distribution
of resources affects patterns of human settlement.
B) understands how resource development and
use change over time.
C)
understands the geographic results of policies and programs for resource use
and management.
2)
Performance Indicators - The competent geography teacher:
A) analyzes the relationships between the
spatial distribution of settlement and resources.
B) explains the relationship between
resources and the exploration, colonization, and settlement of different
regions of the world.
C) evaluates
policy decisions regarding the use of resources in different regions of the
United States and the world.
D)
evaluates policies and programs related to the use of resources in different
regions of the United States and the world.
r) The competent geography teacher is able to apply geography to interpret the past and present and to plan for the future.
1) Knowledge Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) understands the
processes of spatial change over time.
B) understands how to derive solutions to
local and regional problems that have a spatial dimension.
C) understands the interaction between
physical and human systems that have led to current conditions on
Earth.
D) understands multiple
points of view with respect to contemporary geographic issues.
E) understands how to use geographic
questions in past, present, and future contexts.
F) understands how to use the Five Themes of
Geography to study Earth and its people.
2) Performance Indicators - The competent
geography teacher:
A) explains how the
processes of spatial change (e.g., the spatial diffusion of a phenomenon such
as the bubonic plague or the diffusion of tobacco use) have affected United
States and world history.
B)
proposes plans to solve local and regional problems that have spatial
dimensions (e.g., safeguarding people and property during natural disasters,
solving mass-transit problems, deciding where to locate new commercial
establishments).
C) analyzes the
interaction between physical and human systems to understand possible causes
and effects of current conditions on Earth.
D) integrates multiple points of view to
analyze and evaluate contemporary geographic issues.
E) asks and answers geographic questions and
acquires, organizes, and analyzes geographic information about past, present,
and future events.
F) uses the Five
Themes of Geography to develop different approaches to the study of Earth and
its people.
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