Compilation of Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia
Department 391 - RULES OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Chapter 391-3 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Subject 391-3-19 - HAZARDOUS SITE RESPONSE
Appendix (391-3-19) III - MEDIA TARGET CONCENTRATIONS AND STANDARD EXPOSURE ASSUMPTIONS

Universal Citation: GA Rules and Regs r (391-3-19) III

Current through Rules and Regulations filed through March 20, 2024

Table 1. Groundwater Criteria

CAS #	Regulated Substance/Analyte	Concentration (mg/L)
83329	Acenaphthene	0.54
67641	Acetone	14
75058	Acetonitrile	0.13
98862	Acetophenone	1.9
107028	Acrolein	0.00004
79061	Acrylamide	0.0005
107131	Acrylonitrile	0.0005
116063	Aldicarb	0.003
309002	Aldrin	0.000009
7664417	Ammonia	30
62533	Aniline	0.13
7440360	Antimony	0.006
7440382	Arsenic	0.010
1332214	Asbestos (fibers longer than 10 µm)	7 million/liter
7440393	Barium	2
56553	Benz(a)anthracene	0.0003
71432	Benzene	0.005
92875	Benzidine	0.000001
50328	Benzo(a)pyrene	0.0002
205992	Benzo(b)fluoranthene	0.0025
207089	Benzo(k)fluoranthene	0.025
100447	Benzyl chloride	0.0009
7440417	Beryllium	0.004
111444	Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether	0.0001
75252	Bromoform	See Trihalomethanes
85687	Butyl benzyl phthalate	0.16
7440439	Cadmium	0.005
63252	Carbaryl	1.9
1563662	Carbofuran	0.04
75150	Carbon disulfide	0.81
56235	Carbon tetrachloride	0.005
12789036	Chlordane	0.002
126998	Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2-	0.0002
106478	Chloroaniline, p-	0.0037
108907	Chlorobenzene	0.1
510156	Chlorobenzilate	0.0031
124481	Chlorodibromomethane	see Trihalomethanes
67663	Chloroform	see Trihalomethanes
95578	Chlorophenol, 2-	0.091
2921882	Chlorpyrifos	0.0084
7440473	Chromium	0.1
218019	Chrysene	0.25
7440508	Copper	1.3
4319773	Cresols	1.5
57125	Cyanide	0.2
110827	Cyclohexane	12.5
72548	DDD	0.0003
72559	DDE	0.0005
50293	DDT	0.0023
75990	Dalapon	0.2
117840	Di-n-octyl phthalate	0.2
2303164	Diallate	0.0054
333415	Diazinon	0.01
53703	Dibenz(a,h)anthracene	0.0003
96128	Dibromochloropropane	0.0002
84742	Dibutyl phthalate	0.9
1918009	Dicamba	0.57
95501	Dichorobenzene, 1,2-	0.6
106467	Dichorobenzene, 1,4-	0.075
91941	Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-	0.0013
75274	Dichlorobromomethane	see Trihalomethanes
75718	Dichlorodifluoromethane	0.2
75343	Dichloroethane, 1,1-	0.028
107062	Dichloroethane, 1,2-	0.005
75354	Dichloroethylene, 1,1-	0.007
156592	Dichloroethylene, cis 1,2	0.070
156605	Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-	0.1
108601	Dichloroisopropyl ether	0.71
120832	Dichlorophenol, 2,4-	0.046
94757	Dicholorphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-	0.07
78875	Dichloropropane, 1,2-	0.005
542756	Dichloropropene, 1,3-	0.0047
60571	Dieldrin	0.00002
84662	Diethyl phthalate	15
117817	Diethylhexyl phthalate	0.006
60515	Dimethoate	0.044
119904	Dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3'-	0.0005
119937	Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'-	0.00007
105679	Dimethylphenol, 2,4-	0.36
99650	Dinitrobenzene, m-	0.002
51285	Dinitrophenol, 2,4-	0.039
121142	Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-	0.0024
606202	Dinitrotoluene, 2,6-	0.0005
88857	Dinoseb	0.007
123911	Dioxane, 1,4-	0.0046
122394	Diphenylamine	1.3
122667	Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2-	0.0008
85007	Diquat dibromide	0.02
298044	Disulfoton	0.0005
115297	Endosulfan (mixed isomers)	0.1
145733	Endothall	0.1
72208	Endrin	0.002
106898	Epichlorohydrin	0.002
110805	Ethoxyethanol, 2-	0.34
75003	Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane)	21
60297	Ethyl ether	3.9
97632	Ethyl methacrylate	0.63
100414	Ethylbenzene	0.7
106934	Ethylene dibromide	0.00005
22224926	Fenamiphos	0.0044
206440	Fluoranthene	0.8
86737	Fluorene	0.29
7782414	Fluoride, Soluble	4
944229	Fonofos	0.025
50000	Formaldehyde	0.0043
64186	Formic acid	0.00063
110009	Furan	0.019
76448	Heptachlor	0.0004
1024573	Heptachlor epoxide	0.0002
118741	Hexachlorobenzene	0.001
87683	Hexachlorobutadiene	0.0014
319846	Hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha)	0.00007
319857	Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta)	0.0003
608731	Hexachlorocyclohexane, Technical	0.0003
77474	Hexachlorocyclopentadiene	0.05
67721	Hexachloroethane	0.0033
70304	Hexachlorophene	0.006
193395	Indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene	0.0025
78831	Isobutyl alcohol	5.9
78591	Isophorone	0.78
98828	Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)	0.45
143500	Kepone	0.00004
7439921	Lead	0.015
58899	Lindane	0.0002
121755	Malathion	0.39
7439976	Mercury (inorganic)	0.002
126987	Methacrylonitrile	0.0019
67561	Methanol	20
16752775	Methomyl	0.5
72435	Methoxychlor	0.04
74839	Methyl bromide	0.0076
74873	Methyl chloride	0.19
78933	Methyl ethyl ketone	5.6
80626	Methyl methacrylate	1.4
298000	Methyl parathion	0.0045
74953	Methylene bromide	0.0083
75092	Methylene chloride	0.005
108101	Methyl isobutyl ketone	6.3
924163	N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine	0.00003
621647	N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine	0.0001
55185	N-Nitrosodiethylamine	0.000002
62759	N-Nitrosodimethylamine	0.000001
10595956	N-Nitrosomethylethylamine	0.000007
100754	N-Nitrosopiperidine	0.00008
930552	N-Nitrosopyrrolidine	0.0004
91203	Naphthalene	0.0061
91598	Naphthylamine, 2-	0.0004
7440020	Nickel	0.39
98953	Nitrobenzene	0.0014
1336363	PCBs	0.0005
1910425	Paraquat	0.09
56382	Parathion	0.086
608935	Pentachlorobenzene	0.0032
82688	Pentachloronitrobenzene	0.0012
87865	Pentachlorophenol	0.001
108952	Phenol	5.8
298022	Phorate	0.003
7723140	Phosphorus, elemental	0.0004
129000	Pyrene	0.12
110861	Pyridine	0.02
94597	Safrole	0.001
7782492	Selenium	0.05
7440224	Silver	0.1
93721	Silvex	0.05
100425	Styrene	0.1
1746016	TCDD,2,3,7,8- [Dioxin]	3 x 10-8 (a)
13071799	Terbufos	0.0002
95943	Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-	0.0017
630206	Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2-	0.0057
79345	Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-	0.0008
127184	Tetrachloroethylene	0.005
58902	Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-	0.24
3689245	Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate	0.0071
7440280	Thallium	0.002
108883	Toluene	1
95534	Toluidine, o-	0.047
106490	Toluidine,p-	0.025
8001352	Toxaphene	0.003
76131	Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-	10
120821	Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-	0.07
71556	Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-	0.2
79005	Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-	0.005
79016	Trichloroethylene	0.005
75694	Trichlorofluoromethane	5.2
95954	Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-	1.2
88062	Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-	0.012
93765	Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-	0.16
96184	Trichloropropane, 1,2,3-	0.000007
Trihalomethanes, total	0.08
99354	Trinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-	0.59
126727	Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate	0.00007
75014	Vinyl chloride	0.002
1330207	Xylenes (total)	10
7440666	Zinc	6

(a) For the purposes of Rule 391-3-19-.07, all polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are collectively considered as one substance, expressed as an equivalent concentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), based on the Toxicity Equivalency Factor approach described in "Recommended Toxicity Equivalence Factors (TEFs) for Human Health Risk Assessments of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenze-p-dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 2010. Where concentrations only of homologous groups are known (isomer-specific data are not available), the Division must be consulted to determine an appropriate method for determining 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents.

Table 2. Type 1 Soil Criteria

Regulated Substance Analyte	Concentration (mg/kg)
Antimony	5.4
Arsenic	20
Barium	1600
Beryllium	63
Cadmium	7.5
Chromium	100
Copper	920
Lead	270
Mercury	2.1
Nickel	510
Selenium	5.2
Silver	16
Thallium	1
Zinc	7500

Table 3: Standard Default Exposure Factors for Risk Reduction Standard Calculations

The default exposure factors presented in this table must be utilized for Type 1 and Type 3 risk reduction standard (RRS) calculations. For toxicity assessment, EPD adopts EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) recommended hierarchy of toxicity information (OSWER Directive 9285.7-53, 2003). Note that EPA uses this toxicity data hierarchy for the Regional Screening Level (RSL) tables. If a value for only one of the two variables in a variable pair (RfDo/RfC or SFo/IUR) is not available for a substance, the term containing that variable in an equation can be omitted or equated to zero. If neither value is available for a variable pair, a concentration cannot be calculated with the RAGS equations unless an appropriate surrogate compound is available for use in assessing its risk. Appropriately selected surrogate compounds may be utilized for regulated substances without toxicity values as accepted by the Division. Dermal toxicity values are to be derived in accordance with the methods described in this table. The risk equations and methodology for deriving the RRS are prescribed in the U.S. EPA's RSL User's Guide.

Exposure Parameter	Symbol	Units	Default Values	Referencea
Risk Thresholds:
Target Risk Level (Cancer Effects)	TR	unitless	1E-05	EPD
Target Hazard Quotient (Non-cancer Effects)	THQ	unitless	1	EPD
Averaging Time:
Averaging Time for Carcinogens	ATc	days	25,550	EPA 1991 (70 years x 365 days/year)
Averaging Time for Non-Carcinogens	ATnc	days	ED x 365	EPA 1989, 1991
Body Weight:
Resident Child	BW	kg	15	EPA 2011, 2014
Resident Adult			80	EPA 2011, 2014
Non-resident			80	EPA 2011, 2014
Exposure Duration:
Resident Child	ED	years	6	EPA 1991
Resident Adult			20	EPA 2011, 2014
Commercial/Industrial Worker			25	EPA 1991
Excavation Worker	1	EPA 2002
Mutagenic Exposure Duration:
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (0-2 years)	EDmut	years	2	EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (2-6 years)			4	EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (6-16 years)			10	EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (16-26 years)			10	EPA 2005
Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment Factorsb:
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment Factor (0-2 years)	ADAF	unitless	10	EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment Factor (2-6 years)			3	EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment Factor (6-16 years)			3	EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment Factor (16 years)			1	EPA 2005
Exposure Frequency:
Resident Child	EF	days/year	350	EPA 1991
Resident Adult			350	EPA 1991
Commercial/Industrial Worker			250	EPA 1991
Excavation Worker			130	5 days/week for 26 weeks/year
Drinking Water Ingestion Rate:
Resident Child	IRw	L/day	0.78	EPA 2011, 2014
Resident Adult			2.5	EPA 2011, 2014
Commercial/Industrial Worker			1	EPA 2011, 2014
Skin Surface Area for Dermal Contact with Water:
Resident Child	SAwater	cm2	6,365	EPA 2011 (Table 7-9); 2014
Resident Adult			19,652	EPA 2011 (Table 7-9); 2014
Non-resident			3,527	EPA 2011 (Table 7-2); 2014
Exposure Time for Dermal Contact with Waterc:
Resident Child	tevent	hours/event	0.54	EPA 2011, 2014
Resident Adult			0.71	EPA 2011, 2014
Non-resident			0.54	Professional judgement
Event Frequency for Dermal Contact with Soil and Water:
Resident and Non-residents	EV	unitless	1	EPA 2002 (Exhibit 1-2); 2004
Soil Ingestion Rate:
Resident Child	IRs	mg/day	200	EPA 2011 (Table 5-1); 2014
Resident Adult			100	EPA 1991
Commercial/Industrial Worker			100	EPA 1991
Excavation Worker			330	EPA 2002 (Exhibit 1-2)
Skin Surface Area for Dermal Contact with Soil:
Resident Child	SAsoil	cm2	2,373	EPA 2011 (Table 7-2 and 7-8); 2014
Resident Adult			6,032	EPA 2011 (Tables 7-2 and 7-12); 2014
Non-resident			3,527	EPA 2011 (Table 7-2); EPA 2014
Soil-to-Skin Adherence Factor:
Resident Child	AF	mg/cm2	0.2	EPA 2004 (Exhibit 3-5)
Resident Adult			0.07	EPA 2004 (Exhibit 3-5)
Non-resident			0.12	EPA 2004 (Exhibit 3-5)
Excavation Worker			0.3	EPA 2002 (Exhibit 1-2)
Gastrointestinal Absorption Factor:
Residential and Non-residential	GIABS	unitless	chemical-specific	RSL Table
Dermal Absorption Factor:
Residential and Non-residential	ABSd	unitless	chemical-specific	RSL Table
Relative Bioavailability Factord:
Arsenic and Lead	RBA	unitless	0.6	EPA 2007
Exposure Time for Indoor/Outdoor Inhalation Rate:
Resident	ET	hours/day	24	Upper bound of time spent at a residence
Non-resident	ET	hours/day	8	Average length of work day
Wind Particulate Emission Factor:
Residential and Non-residential	PEF	m3/day	1.36E+09	EPA 2002 (Exhibit D-2)
Volatilization Factor for Domestic Water Use (K):
Residential and Non-residential	K	L/m3	0.5	Andelman 1990
Toxicity Values:
Oral Cancer Slope Factor	SFo	(mg/kg-day)-1	chemical-specific	EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Inhalation Unit Risk	IUR	(µg/m3)-1	chemical-specific	EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Oral chronic reference dose	RfDo	mg/kg-day	chemical-specific	EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Reference Concentration	RfC	mg/m3	chemical-specific	EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Dermal Cancer Slope Factor	SFd	(mg/kg-day)-1	chemical-specific	SFd = CSFo x GIabs; EPA 2004
Dermal chronic Reference Dose	RfDd	mg/kg-day	chemical-specific	RfDd = RfDo / GIabs; EPA 2004

a Source:

U.S. EPA 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (RAGS Part A), EPA/540/1-89/002, December 1989

Andelman, J.B. 1990. Total Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Potable Water. Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Supplies, Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, MI, USA, Chapter 20, pp. 485-504

U.S. EPA 1991. Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors. OSWER Directive 9285.6-03, March 1991

U.S. EPA 2002. Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. OSWER 9355.4-24, December 2002

U.S. EPA 2003. Human Health Toxicity Values in Superfund Risk Assessments. OSWER Directive 9285.7-53, December 2003

U.S. EPA 2004. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment) (RAGS Part E) Final. OSWER 9285.7-02EP, July 2004

U.S. EPA 2005. Supplemental Guidance for Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens, March 2005

U.S. EPA 2007. Guidance for Evaluating the Oral Bioavailability of Metals in Soils for Use in Human Health Risk Assessment. OSWER 9285.7-80, May 2007 (as amended)

U.S. EPA 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. EPA/600/R-090/052F, September 2011

U.S. EPA 2014. Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance: Update of Standard Default Exposure Factors. OSWER Directive 9200.1-120, February 2014

U.S. EPA. Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites. Generic Tables (as amended)

b Age-Dependent Adjustment Factors (ADAFs) are to be applied to all regulated substances having a mutagenic mode of action for carcinogenesis when assessing cancer risks from early life exposures (16 years of age). Such substances are denoted by "M" in the "Mutagen" column of U.S. EPA's Regional Screening Level (RSL) table. For a child resident (0-6 years), the appropriate ADAF adjustment factor for cancer risk estimation is 32 {i.e., EDmut x ADAF or [(2 years x 10) + (4 years x 3)]}. For adults, the ADAF adjustment factor is 40 {i.e., [10 years (age 6-16 years) x 3] + [10 years (age 16-26 years) x 1]}.

c For the commercial/industrial worker, the dermal exposure time while bathing/showering was assumed to be equivalent to that of the child resident given the infrequent occurrence of this event in an occupational setting.

d Use of EPA's default oral relative bioavailability factors must be utilized when deriving the Type 1 and 3 RRS for soil and does not apply to groundwater. For groundwater, the oral bioavailability factor is 1 (assumed bioavailability of 100%). Site-specific bioavailability assessments for arsenic, lead and other compounds (e.g., PAHs) may be conducted as part of the Type 2 and Type 4 RRS for soil using in vitro and/or in vivo bioavailability test methods approved by EPA. However, note that in the absence of in vivo data, in vitro bioaccessibility on a subset of soil samples is required prior to use in risk assessment. For lead, EPA assumes a default RBA value of 0.6 (60%) in both the ALM and IEUBK models. RBA should not substitute or be confused with the absolute bioavailability values in these models.

Table 4: Equation and Default Values for Calculating Soil Concentrations Pursuant to Rule 391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1) and 391-3-19-.07(8)(d)(1)

Equation 10 USEPA Soil Screening Guidance: User's Guide (USEPA 1996)	Click here to view
Parameter	Symbol	Units	Default Value	Source
soil concentration pursuant to Rule 391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1)(ii) and 391-3-19-.07(8)(d)(1)	CS	mg/kg	calculated	Equation 10 USEPA 1996
target leachate concentration	CL	mg/L	calculated	for Rule 391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1): CL = (DAF) x (Type 1 RRS GW) for Rule 391-3-19-.07(8)(d)(1): CL = (DAF) x (Type 3 RRS GW)
dilution attenuation factor	DAF	unitless	20	Rule 391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1)(ii) USEPA 1996
Type 1 Risk Reduction Standard for Groundwater	Type 1 RRS GW	mg/L	chemical-specific	Rule 391-3-19-.07(6)(b)
Type 3 Risk Reduction Standard for Groundwater	Type 3 RRS GW	mg/L	chemical-specific	Rule 391-3-19-.07(8)(c)
soil-water partition coefficient	Kd	L/kg	chemical-specific	for organics: Kd = Koc x foc for inorganics: USEPA RSL Tables (as amended)
soil organic carbon-water partition coefficient	Koc	L/kg	chemical-specific	USEPA RSL Tables (as amended)
fraction of soil organic carbon	foc	kg/kg	0.002	USEPA 1996
water-filled soil porosity	[THETA]w	Lwater/Lsoil	0.3	USEPA 1996
air-filled soil porosity	[THETA]a	Lair/Lsoil	0.13	USEPA 1996
dimensionless Henry's Law Constant	H'	unitless	chemical-specific	USEPA RSL Tables (as amended)
dry soil bulk density	[ALPHA]b	kg/L	1.5	USEPA 1996

References:

USEPA. 1996. Soil Screening Guidance: User's Guide. USEPA Publication 9355.4-23. July.

USEPA. Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites. Generic Tables (as amended).

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Compilation of Rules and Regulations of the State of GeorgiaDepartment 391 - RULES OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCESChapter 391-3 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONSubject 391-3-19 - HAZARDOUS SITE RESPONSEAppendix (391-3-19) III - MEDIA TARGET CONCENTRATIONS AND STANDARD EXPOSURE ASSUMPTIONS

Compilation of Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia
Department 391 - RULES OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Chapter 391-3 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Subject 391-3-19 - HAZARDOUS SITE RESPONSE
Appendix (391-3-19) III - MEDIA TARGET CONCENTRATIONS AND STANDARD EXPOSURE ASSUMPTIONS