Code of Colorado Regulations
700 - Department of Regulatory Agencies
718 - Passenger Tramway Safety Board
3 CCR 718-1 - PASSENGER TRAMWAYS
Section 3 - Detachable grip aerial lifts
Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 5, March 10, 2024
Note: Timeframes relate to the ropeway installation date or modification date whichever controls, unless otherwise noted. For electrical drive or control system modifications performed on detachable grip aerial lifts installed prior to April 15, 2019, the requirements of ANSI B77.1-2011 shall be met (Refer to Annex R.3).
IN ADDITION TO ANSI 3.1.1.3 Location
3.1.1.3.1 Location of power lines.
Jan, 1, 1977 to Present:
Power lines shall be located a minimum distance equal to the height of poles or support structures from any passenger tramway so that poles and electrical lines cannot touch any portion of the tramway, loading or unloading points or platforms and tow path, if applicable, upon collapse of poles or lines, unless suitable and approved precautions are taken to safeguard human lives.
3.1.1.3.2 Air space requirements.
Note: Timeframes stated for this Rule define the air space requirements for each ropeway at the time when the encroachment was known to the area and DO NOT pertain to the installation date of the ropeway.
May 15, 2000 to Present:
No passenger tramway installation shall be permitted to operate when a structure encroaches into the air space of the passenger tramway, defined as the area bounded by vertical planes commencing at a point thirty-five feet from the intersection of the vertical planes of the ropes or cables and ground surface.
For purposes of this Rule, buildings controlled by the licensee used primarily for maintenance and operation of the lift and other tramways shall not be considered structures; however, buildings must comply with the following.
Jan. 1, 1994 to May 15, 2000:
No passenger tramway installation shall be permitted to operate when a structure encroaches into the air space of the passenger tramway, defined as the area bounded by planes having an outward slope of one horizontal and two vertical and commencing at a point twenty feet horizontally outside of the intersection of the vertical planes of ropes or cables and ground surface.
Dec. 30, 1977 to Jan. 1, 1994:
No passenger tramway installation shall be permitted whenever the Passenger Tramway Operator does not have permanent and irrevocable control of the following air space (except when the passenger tramway is located on Forest Service land): the area bounded by planes having an outward slope of one horizontal and two vertical and commencing at a point twenty feet horizontally outside of the intersection of the vertical planes of ropes or cables and ground surface.
Prior to Dec. 30, 1977:
Not required
Note: Timeframes stated for this Rule define the air space requirements for each ropeway at the time when the encroachment was known to the area and DO NOT pertain to the installation date of the ropeway.
May 15, 2000 to Present:
Any cable or rope installed on or near a ropeway that may represent a hazard to the ropeway shall be monitored to automatically stop the ropeway if the cable or rope fails. Failure would be defined as per Section 23.1 (g).
EXCEPTION: Track or haul ropes are excluded from this Rule.
Prior to May 15, 2000:
Not required
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.1.5.2.1 Line Clearances.
Terminals and towers shall be designed and installed to provide the clearances as herein specified and to minimize surge of the line under operating conditions. Local wind conditions shall be taken into consideration.
The minimum distance between passing carriers, each swung ten degrees inward from the vertical, shall be the greater of the following:
The distance between haul ropes, (or track cables), for the purpose of these checks, shall be considered as equal to the gauge of the line.
External structures, posts, or obstructions, other than lift structural components, shall have at least four feet (1.22 meters) of clearance from either edge of a loaded open carrier passenger seat or open cabin body (measured from the outermost attachments on or parts of the carrier while the carrier is hanging in a vertical position).
Prior to Jan. 1, 1984:
Terminals and towers shall be designed and installed to provide the clearances as herein specified and to minimize surge of the line under operating conditions. Local wind conditions shall be taken into consideration.
The minimum distance between passing carriers, each swung 10 degrees inward from the vertical, shall be the greater of the following:
The distance between haul ropes, (or track cables), for the purpose of these checks, shall be considered as equal to the gauge of the line.
3.1.1.5.2.3 Terminal clearances.
Prior to Nov. 1, 1991:
Not required.
3.1.1.11.2 Acceptance tests.
ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH ADDED:
Any changes to software logic that would affect a Safety Related Control function, Control Function, Protection Circuit (R.3.2.3), or Operation Circuit (R.3.2.4) after the start of initial testing shall result in a restart of testing to ensure software logic changes have not affected those systems already tested. Retesting for changes in software parameters shall be at the discretion of the Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.2.1.2 Evacuation power unit.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
An evacuation power unit (see 1.4 - evacuation power unit) with an independent power source shall be provided that can readily be used to unload the aerial lift in the event of failure of the prime mover. The evacuation power unit shall not depend upon the mechanical integrity of any other power unit to drive the aerial lift. This unit shall be electrically wired to meet the requirements of R.3.2.3.1 so that it can be stopped by the Emergency Shutdown Circuit. As a minimum, the evacuation power unit shall be capable of starting and moving a line with all carriers loaded to 110% of capacity in weight in a forward direction at not less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 meters per second).
The evacuation power unit shall be designed to become operational and move all the carriers to or through terminal areas within one hour from the time of initiating its connection.
3.1.2.1.3 Power unit interlock.
Prior to May 15, 2006: Not required.
3.1.2.5 Stops and shutdowns.
REPLACES FIRST PARAGRAPH of ANSI 3.1.2.5 Stops and shutdowns
For all stops, the minimum average rate of the carrier's horizontal deceleration shall be adequate to prevent carrier collision in the receiving and launching mechanisms.
The maximum rate of the rope deceleration shall be five feet per second squared (1.52 meters per second squared). These measurements shall be measured over any one second interval under any operating condition while the carrier is attached to the haul rope and referenced to the rope speed at the drive terminal.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.2.6 Brakes and rollback devices.
Prior to May 15, 2006:
The aerial lift shall have the following friction-type brakes and other devices as specified in table 3-1:
- Service brake (see 3.1.2.6.1);
- Drive sheave brake (see 3.1.2.6.2);
- Rollback device (see 3.1.2.6.3).
All braking systems shall be designed and monitored to ensure that:
EXCEPTION - For an aerial lift that overhauls only in the reverse direction, a drive train backstop (3.1.2.6.4) may be used in lieu of the above.
The service brake, drive sheave brake, and rollback device shall be designed such that failure of one braking system will not impair the function of the other systems, and all brakes shall have the braking force applied by springs, weights, or other approved forms of stored energy.
The service brake, drive sheave brake, and rollback device shall be designed to assure operation under all anticipated conditions.
Deceleration rates specified in 3.1.2.4 shall be achieved by each brake without the aid of other braking devices or drive regeneration.
Each braking system shall be capable of operation to comply with daily inspections and periodic testing.
A Qualified Engineer shall furnish a written procedure to be followed and specify the auxiliary equipment necessary for periodic testing and adjustment of the holding force of each brake, rollback, and backstop device. This procedure shall be performed during the acceptance test, and then at the frequency specified, to demonstrate the ability of each brake to produce the required torque.
Such testing shall be accomplished as part of normal maintenance during the operating season, but shall be performed when the aerial lift is not open to the public.
If a device is permanently installed to cause a brake, or rollback device, to be disabled for testing or reverse rotation, it shall be electronically monitored so that the aerial lift cannot be operated in its normal mode when the brake is so disabled.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
The bullwheel brake shall operate on any drive terminal bullwheel assembly that meets the requirements of 3.1.2.8.2.
The bullwheel brake shall be an automatic brake to stop and hold the aerial lift under the most unfavorable design loading condition. Deceleration rates specified in 3.1.2.5 shall be achieved by the bullwheel brake without the aid of other braking devices or drive regeneration.
Application of the bullwheel brake shall automatically disconnect the power source to the power unit in use. This brake shall act automatically when the speed of the haul rope exceeds the design value by 15% in either direction.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.2.7.3 Entrance and Egress.
Prior to Jan 1, 1994:
Not required.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.2.8.2 Haul rope terminal bullwheels (Bullwheel).
Prior to May 15, 2006:
Haul rope terminal sheave frames shall be designed to retain the rope in the event of the failure of the sheave, shaft, or mounting. In instances where the sheave is cantilevered, the design working stresses shall not be more than 60% of those otherwise allowable.
The minimum diameter of terminal sheaves shall be seventy-two times the nominal diameter of the haul rope. The sheave assembly shall be designed to retain the haul rope in the event of a deropement from the sheave. A flange extension of 1-½ times the rope diameter (measured from the bottom of the rope groove) shall be deemed adequate for retention.
Haul rope terminal sheaves that act as driving, braking, or holding sheaves shall be so designed tht the haul rope does not slip in the sheave groove. The design coefficient of friction for a particular sheave liner shall not exceed the following values:
|
Sheave Liner |
Coefficient of Friction |
|
Steel or cast iron grooves |
0.070 |
|
Leather |
0.150 |
|
Rubber, neoprene, or other |
0.205 |
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.2.10 Tension systems.
Prior to May 15, 2006:
Counterweights, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, or other suitable devices shall be used to provide the tensioning requirements of the particular installation. All devices used to provide the tension shall have sufficient travel to adjust to all normal operating changes in loading and temperature.
The tension for haul ropes and track cables for all modes of operation shall be determined by the design engineer. Tension systems may be automatic or manual; however, all systems shall have monitoring equipment that will automatically prevent operation outside of design limits (see R.3.2.3.3).
Tension systems may be adjustable to provide proper tensions for different modes of aerial lift operation.
The tension system design shall consider changes, for each mode of operation, in tensions due to rope elongation, friction, and other forces affecting traction on driving, braking, or holding sheaves, tower and sheave loading, and maximum vertical loads on grips to assure that tensions remain within design limits.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.3.1 Towers.
Nov. 1, 1991 to April 15, 2019:
The design of the tower structure and foundation shall be in accordance with the requirements of 3.1.1.6. Where guyed towers are used and guys intersect the ground within or near ski runs, the guys shall be marked for visibility.
Means shall be provided for ready access from the ground to all tower tops. Permanent ladders are required for heights above those accessible by portable ladders. Portable ladders, if used, shall be in at least sufficient quantity to be available at each point where attendants are positioned. Portable ladders extending more than twenty feet (6.10 meters) shall not be used.
Permanent anchor points shall be provided on all tower tops for the attachment of fall protection devices.
Towers shall be identified with successive numbers clearly visible to passengers.
Where towers are designed to permit variations in rope height, sheave unit supports shall be guided and attached so as to prevent misalignment by rotation during normal operation.
Prior to Nov. 1, 1991:
The design of the tower structure and foundation shall be in accordance with the requirements of 3.1.1.6. Where guyed towers are used and guys intersect the ground within or near ski runs, the guys shall be marked for visibility.
Means shall be provided for ready access from the ground to all tower tops. Permanent ladders are required for heights above those accessible by portable ladders. Portable ladders, if used, shall be in at least sufficient quantity to be available at each point where attendants are positioned. Portable ladders extending more than twenty feet (6.10 meters) shall not be used.
Towers shall be identified with successive numbers clearly visible to passengers.
Where towers are designed to permit variations in rope height, sheave unit supports shall be guided and attached so as to prevent misalignment by rotation
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.4.3.4.3 - Incorrect attachment
May 15, 2000 to May 2, 2011:
The designer shall incorporate provisions to stop the grip and carrier in a controlled fashion when a grip is incorrectly attached to the rope. The path of the rope from the terminal where passengers are loaded shall be approximately level or inclined upward for a length at least equal to:
L = Length of level or inclined upward rope
V = rope speed during passenger loading at that station
An incorrectly attached grip tripping the last checking switch shall cause the rope to stop in a distance not greater than the calculated length "L" or in the case where a greater length of level or inclined upward rope is provided, in a distance not greater than the length provided.
Nov. 1, 1991 to May 15, 2000
At each carrier launching position (any area where a grip is designed to attach to the haul rope), devices shall be installed that will stop the aerial lift if any grip incorrectly attaches to the haul rope.
When a grip is detected to be incorrectly attached to the rope, the designer shall incorporate provisions to stop the grip and carrier so that it will come to a stop in a controlled fashion, or the path of the rope from the terminal where passengers are loaded shall be approximately level or inclined upward for a length at least equal to the calculated stopping distance. The level or sloping length of rope shall be measured from the last switch where the grip is checked for attachment to the rope. Calculated stopping distance for this subsection is equal to:
D = stopping distance
V = rope speed during passenger loading at that station
Upon clamping to the haul rope or haul-carrying rope, the carrier velocity and rope speed shall not vary sufficiently to introduce unduly either passenger discomfort or mechanical wear.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.1.4.4.2 Cabin.
Jan. 1, 1994 to May 15, 2000:
Fully enclosed passenger cabins shall be ventilated. They shall be equipped with doors that fill the entire entrance opening. Each door shall be provided with a lock located in such a manner that it can be unlocked only by authorized persons or by automatic means.
All windows shall be of shatter-resistant material.
Means of emergency evacuation of passengers shall be provided.
The maximum capacity of each cabin, both in pounds and kilograms and number of passengers, shall be posted in a conspicuous place in each cabin.
If passengers are to remain standing, floor space of 2.5 square feet (0.23 square meter) per person shall be available; the width of cabin seats shall be at least eighteen inches (46 cm) per person.
All carriers shall be clearly identified with numbers located on each end of each carrier.
Semi-open carriers shall meet applicable requirements for enclosed cabins and open chairs.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.1.1 Applicable codes.
April 15, 2019 to July 15,2023:
All electrical systems shall comply with American National Standard, ANSI/NFPA 70-2017, National Electrical Code and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE C2-2017, National Electrical Safety Code.
May 2, 2011 to April 15, 2019:
All electrical systems shall comply with American National Standard, ANSI/NFPA 70-2011, National Electrical Code and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE C2-2007, National Electrical Safety Code.
May 15, 2006 to May 2, 2011:
All electrical systems shall comply with American National Standard, ANSI/NFPA 70-2011, National Electrical Code and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE C2-2007, National Electrical Safety Code.
May 15, 2000 to May 15, 2006:
All electrical systems shall comply with 3.2.1.1 Applicable codes of the B77.1-1999 ANSI Standard.
Jan. 1, 1994 to May 15, 2000:
All electrical systems shall comply with 3.2.1.1 Applicable codes of the B77.1-1992 ANSI Standard.
Nov. 1, 1991 to Jan 1, 1994:
All electrical systems shall comply with 3.2.1.1 Applicable codes of the B77.1-1990 ANSI Standard.
Jan. 1, 1984 to Nov 1, 1991:
All electrical systems shall comply with 3.2.1.1 Applicable codes of the B77.1-1982 ANSI Standard.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.1.2 Location.
April 15, 2019 to July 15, 2023:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-2017 ANSI Standard.
May 2, 2011 to April 15, 2019:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-2011 ANSI Standard.
May 15, 2006 to May 2, 2011:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-2006 ANSI Standard.
May 15, 2000 to May 15, 2006:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-1999 ANSI Standard.
Jan. 1, 1994 to May 15, 2000:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-1992 ANSI Standard.
Nov. 1, 1991 to Jan 1, 1994:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-1990 ANSI Standard.
Jan. 1, 1984 to Nov 1, 1991:
All electrical power transmission wiring located near or proposed to cross over aerial lifts shall comply with 3.2.1.2 Location of the B77.1-1982 ANSI Standard.
Prior to Jan. 1, 1984:
All exposed electrical power transmission wiring shall be so located that in case of collapse or breakage of the power line it will not come into contact with carriers, ropes, or passengers.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.1.5.5 Ground fault interrupter protection for personnel.
Prior to May 15, 2006:
Not required.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.2 Electrical system function design and classification.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.2.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.2.1
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.3 Safety related control functions
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3, R.3.2.4, or R.3.4.5 as applicable.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.1
July 15, 2023 to Present:
On aerial lifts using chairs, an automatic stopping device beyond each unloading area are required where passengers wearing skis are required to disembark. The device shall automatically stop the aerial lift in the event a passenger rides beyond the intended point of unloading. The operation of the automatic stop device may be delayed or overridden momentarily by the operator or attendant.
When current carrying conductors are used in a plug/receptacle style stop gate circuit, the circuit voltage shall be limited to low voltage (see 1.4 Voltage, low).
Prior to July 15, 2023:
Refer to R.3.2.3.2
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.3
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.4.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.6
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.7
Prior to April 15, 2019, This Specific ANSI-B771-2017 Rule Number Not Required
Note: See CPTSB Rule 3.2.8 Manual Control Devices
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.5
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Not required - See 3.1.4.4.2.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.9.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.10.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3.11
3.2.4 Control functions
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.3, R.3.2.4, or R.3.2.5 as applicable.
Prior to April 15, 2019:
Refer to R.3.2.5.2
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.8 Manual control devices.
May 15, 2006 to April 15, 2019:
ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH ADDED:
A full length stop cord or equivalent shall be provided adjacent to the terminal conveying equipment access ways provided for the inspection and maintenance while equipment is in operation.
Prior to May 15, 2006
All automatic and manual stop and shutdown devices shall be of the manually reset type. An exception to this requirement is allowed for magnetic or optically operated automatic stop devices, if the operating circuit is such that it indicates that such devices initiated the stop and the circuit is of the manually reset type. Manual stop switches (push button) shall be positively opened mechanically and their opening shall not be dependent upon springs.
Manual control devices shall be installed in all attendants' and operators' work positions, in machine rooms, and out-of-doors in proximity to all loading and unloading areas. As a minimum at downhill loading stations, each of these control locations shall include an Emergency Shutdown device or a Normal Stop device. All manual control devices located in or on a control cabinet shall be mounted so that they are in the same plane or face of the cabinet. The control devices shall not be located in a position that would require the operator or attendant to pass through the path of moving carriers in order to operate the controls.
The devices shall be conspicuously and permanently marked with the proper function and color code.
A full length stop cord or equivalent shall be provided adjacent to the terminal conveying equipment access ways provided for the inspection and maintenance while equipment is in operation.
REPLACES ANSI FOR SPECIFIC TIMEFRAMES
3.2.13 Aerial lift data recording
Prior to July15, 2023:
Not required.
IN ADDITION TO ANSI 3.3.1.2 SIGNS
3.3.1.2.1 Requirements for signs.
IN ADDITION TO ANSI 3.3.1 General and personnel safety
3.3.1.3 Operational plan for transportation of recreational equipment.
Each licensee shall have an operational plan that has procedures for transportation of sports equipment and recreational devices by foot passengers. This plan shall be consistent with the tramway manufacturer's specifications and instructions, if any.
IN ADDITION TO ANSI 3.3.2.5 Operational requirements
3.3.2.5.10 Preoperational minimum ridership requirements.
Each licensee shall have an operational plan that identifies criteria for pre-operational tramway inspections for the transportation of personnel on aerial ropeways. Implementation of these procedures is intended for the protection of all personnel and shall be the responsibility of the area operator, supervisor, and the authorized individual.
The preoperational plan shall include, but not be limited to:
Minimum Requirements
Prior to the daily preoperational ride and the completion of X.3.2.4.2 Daily preoperational inspection, or any initial start-up of the ropeway, the following minimum steps shall be taken;
The plan shall also include the following requirements:
For the purpose of this Rule, "area employee" means an individual:
An area employee that is directly related to the opening of the aerial lift (i.e. Ski Patrol, Lift Maintenance, and Lift Operators) shall conduct the pre-operational inspection ride. If any other area employee is to ride the lift prior to the completion of the pre-operational inspection, the personnel responsible for the pre-operational inspection ride shall ride in the first carrier in front of the area employee(s). As used in this Rule, the term "area employee(s)" specifically excludes independent contractors, subcontractors, vendors, and their personnel.
Only personnel related to the completion of the construction, operation, and buildings directly related to the operation of the tramway may be transported by the tramway prior to testing and licensing.
IN ADDITION TO ANSI 3.3.5 Records
3.3.5.6 Software parameter log.
A software parameters log shall be maintained for each aerial lift. This log is intended for changes in software parameters that can be altered which affect the supervision circuit. The log shall include, but not be limited to:
