Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 17, September 10, 2024
This Rule is promulgated pursuant to sections
12-20-202,
12-20-204,
12-100-105(1)(b),
and 12-100-112, C.R.S., and sets forth
the general rules regarding a certificate, including CPE requirements, and how
a certificate holder may renew, reactivate, or reinstate a certificate, and
obtain a retired or inactive status certificate. For specific CPE requirements
also see Rule 1.10 . A certificate holder is responsible for completing the
renewal process when and as required if he wants to maintain his certificate in
an active, retired, or inactive status.
A.
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. No individual can hold out as defined in
Rule 1.4 unless that individual holds an active certificate issued pursuant to
the Act or under the laws of any other state, except that:
a. An individual whose license or certificate
is in an inactive status in this or another state may use or assume the title
or designation "certified public accountant" or "CPA" or similar designation
followed or preceded by the term "inactive"; or
b. An individual whose license or certificate
is in a retired status in this or another state may use or assume the title or
designation "certified public accountant" or "CPA" or similar designation
immediately followed or preceded by the term "retired," and
c. While practicing in this state under
section 12-100-117(2),
C.R.S., and Rule 1.14 (Practice Privilege/Mobility), an individual who holds an
active CPA license or certificate issued pursuant to the laws of another state
may use or assume the title or designation "certified public accountant" or
"CPA" or similar designation and an individual holding equivalent authority in
a non-U.S. jurisdiction may use or assume the equivalent designation authorized
in his non-U.S. jurisdiction.
2. No individual, while holding out as
defined in Rule 1.4, can perform for any client, employer, or other person, one
or more kinds, or any combination of services involving the use of accounting
or attestation skills, including, but not limited to, issuance of reports on
financial statements, or of one or more types of management advisory or
consulting services, or the preparation of tax returns, or the furnishing of
tax advice unless that individual:
(1) holds
an active certificate issued pursuant to the Act, or
(2) is authorized to provide such services
pursuant to Rule 1.14 (Practice Privilege/Mobility).
3. A certificate holder offering or rendering
services or using his CPA title in another state is subject to disciplinary
action in this state for conduct in another state if that conduct violates the
Act or these Rules or the laws or rules of that state.
4. Every certificate holder holding an active
status certificate must complete CPE. CPE accrues at a rate of ten hours for
every full quarter during which the certificate holder holds an active status
certificate. The CPE must be completed on or before December 31 of the year
ending the CPE reporting period in which the CPE obligation is incurred.
Failure to complete accrued CPE on or before December 31 of the year ending the
CPE reporting period in which the CPE obligation is incurred is cause for
discipline up to and including revocation. A change to expired, inactive, or
retired status does not eliminate the obligation to complete accrued CPE before
applying for reactivation or reinstatement.
5. Falsely attesting or otherwise providing
false information to the Board may violate sections
18-8-501(2)(a)(I),
and 18-8-503, C.R.S., and is also
grounds for discipline by the Board up to and including denial, suspension, or
revocation of a certificate.
B.
NOTICES
1. Certificate Holder Address and Name
Changes
a. Certificate holders shall inform
the Board of any name, assumed or trade name, address, telephone, or email
change within thirty days of the change. The Board will not change a
certificate holder's information without explicit notification provided in a
manner prescribed by the Board. Individuals and firms must provide separate
notices under this Rule. Information provided to the Board in a firm renewal or
initial application and firm changes reported pursuant to Rule 1.15 do not
fulfill the individual notice requirements under this Rule 1.9(B).
b. The Board requires one of the following
forms of documentation to change a certificate holder's name or correct a
social security number or individual taxpayer identification number:
(1) Marriage license;
(2) Divorce decree;
(3) Court order;
(4) Documentation from the Internal Revenue
Service verifying the licensee's valid individual taxpayer identification
number; or
(5) A driver's license
or social security card with a second form of identification may be acceptable
at the discretion of the Division of Professions and Occupations.
c. Board communications are sent
to the last address furnished to the Board. Failure to respond to a Board
communication within thirty days, as provided in section
12-100-121, C.R.S., is grounds for
discipline up to and including revocation. Failure to notify the Board of a
change of address does not relieve a certificate holder of the obligation to
respond to a Board communication.
2. Renewal Notices to Certificate Holders.
a. The Board may send notices for renewal of
certificates according to a schedule established and in a manner approved by
the Division of Professions and Occupations pursuant to section
12-20-202, C.R.S., to the last
address furnished to the Board.
b.
There is a sixty-day grace period from the expiration date of the certificate
within which to pay the renewal fee, plus a late fee. A certificate holder will
not be disciplined for holding out or practicing public accounting with an
expired certificate during the grace period.
c. Failure to receive a renewal notice does
not relieve the certificate holder of the obligation to renew a
certificate.
C.
NAMES
1. A certificate holder engaged in the
practice of public accounting must not hold out, perform, or offer to perform
professional services using a name that has not been provided to the
Board.
2. A certificate holder
shall not use an assumed or trade name unless:
a. The assumed or trade name is filed with
the Colorado Secretary of State pursuant to section
7-71-101, C.R.S.;
b. The assumed or trade name has been
provided to the Board in a manner prescribed by the Board; and
c. The assumed or trade name otherwise
complies with these Rules.
3. The name under which a certificate holder
holds out or engages in the practice of public accounting must not be
misleading.
4. A name is considered
misleading if the name:
a. Implies the
existence of a corporation by the use of words or abbreviations such as
"Corporation," "Incorporated," "P.C.," "Corp.," or "Inc.," if the CPA is not
incorporated or is not a professional corporation.
b. Implies the existence of a partnership by
the use of a designation such as "Smith & Jones," "C.P.A.s," "Partnership,"
"Ltd.," "LP", "LLP", or "LLLP" if the CPA is not such an entity.
c. Implies the existence of a limited
liability company by the use of abbreviations such as "Ltd.," "L.L.C.," "LLC,"
or "LC" if the CPA is not such an entity.
d. Implies that the CPA is associated with or
employs another person by the use of terms such as "& Company," "&
Associates," or "Group" if, in addition to the CPA, there is not at least one
other owner or person employed by, professionally associated, or contractually
related on a regular and continuous basis with the CPA.
e. Implies the existence of more than one CPA
by the use of terms such as "CPAs," or "Certified Public Accountants" if no
more than one CPA is an Owner or is employed by, or professionally associated,
or contractually related on a regular and continuous basis with the
CPA.
f. Includes the name of a
person who is neither a CPA in any State nor a CPA or legal equivalent in a
foreign country if "CPA" is included in the name.
g. Indicates or implies an association with
persons who are not associated with the CPA, except that a CPA who is a member
of a network may include the brand name or initials of the Network provided
that the name does not otherwise violate this Rule 1.9(C).
h. Contains any representation that would
likely cause a reasonable person to be misled or confused about the CPA's legal
entity type, e.g., corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or sole
proprietorship, or about ownership.
i. Contains any representation that would
likely cause a reasonable person to have a false or unjustified expectation of
favorable results or capabilities.
j. Claims or implies the ability to influence
a regulatory body or official.
k.
Includes the name of any CPA or Firm whose certificate, license, or
registration has been revoked or disciplined whereby the CPA or Firm is
prohibited from practicing public accounting or prohibited from using the title
CPA or holding out if the name includes the designation "CPAs" or any other
language or device tending to indicate the disciplined CPA or firm possesses an
active certificate, license, or registration.
l. Contains other representations or
implications that in reasonable probability would cause a reasonable person to
misunderstand or be deceived.
5. A name must not be formulated in such a
manner that the initials or parts of the name form a term, phrase, or imply an
association that is misleading.
D.
OFFERING SERVICES VIA THE
INTERNET
Any certificate holder offering or performing professional
services via the Internet must include the following information on the
Internet site:
1. Name of the
certificate holder;
2. Mailing and
physical address of the principal location where the certificate holder offers
and/or provides professional services;
3. Business telephone number; and
4. Colorado certificate number.
E.
DISCLOSURE-
LICENSEES
1. A licensee must notify the
Board within thirty days of any of the following events relating to the
licensee:
a. Imposition of Discipline by:
(1) The SEC, PCAOB, or IRS.
(2) Another state board of accountancy for
any cause other than failure to pay a professional license fee by the due
date.
(3) Any other federal or
state agency or any professional association or entity regarding the licensee's
conduct while rendering professional services.
(4) Any federal or state taxing, insurance,
or securities regulatory authority.
(5) Any non-U.S. authority or credentialing
body that regulates the practice of accountancy.
b. Notice of disciplinary charges filed by
the SEC, PCAOB, IRS, or another state board of accountancy, or a federal or
state agency concerning the practice of public accounting or a non-U.S.
authority or credentialing body that regulates the practice of public
accounting.
c. Initiation of a
civil proceeding or an alternative dispute resolution proceeding by a
governmental entity relating to an audit report for a public or non-public
company.
d. Judgment, settlement,
or resolution of a civil proceeding or an alternative dispute resolution
proceeding by a governmental entity relating to an audit report for a public or
non-public company.
e. Initiation
of an administrative proceeding or disciplinary proceeding by any federal,
state, or non-U.S. agency, board, or administrative or licensing authority, or
any professional association or entity regarding an audit report for a public
or non-public company.
f. Any
decision, judgment, settlement, or resolution of an administrative proceeding
or disciplinary proceeding by any federal, state, or non-U.S. agency, board, or
administrative or licensing authority, or any professional association or
entity regarding an audit report for a public or non-public company.
g. Any judgment, award, or settlement of a
civil action or arbitration proceeding of $150,000 or more in which the
licensee was a party if the action or proceeding included any allegation of
negligence, violation of specific standards of practice, fraud, or
misappropriation of funds in the practice of public accounting or during
employment.
h. A criminal charge
against or a conviction of the licensee, deferred prosecution, or a plea of
guilty or
nolo contendere to a crime by the licensee if:
(1) The crime is a felony under the laws of
any state, or of the United States, or of any territory or insular possession
of the United States, or the District of Columbia or any non-U.S. jurisdiction;
or
(2) An element of the crime is
dishonesty or fraud.
i.
Occurrence of any matter that must be reported by the licensee to the PCAOB
pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
15 U.S.C. sec.
7201 et seq., and PCAOB Rules and forms
adopted pursuant thereto.
2. The notice to the Board shall include the
following information regarding the reportable event:
a. If the reportable event is a disciplinary
proceeding, alternative dispute resolution proceeding, administrative
proceeding, or civil action by any entity referenced in Rule 1.9, the name of
the entity, its jurisdiction, the case name, the docket or proceeding or case
number by which it is designated, a description of the matter, or a copy of the
document initiating the action or proceeding and, if the matter has been
adjudicated or settled, a copy of the consent decree, order, or
decision.
b. If the reportable
event is a criminal conviction or plea, the court, its jurisdiction, the case
name, the case number, and a description of the matter or a copy of the
indictment or charges, and, if the matter has been adjudicated, a copy of the
judgment of conviction.
c. If the
reportable event concerns a civil action or arbitration proceeding, the court
or arbiter, the jurisdiction, the case name, the case number, a description of
the matter, or a copy of the complaint, and a copy of the verdict, the court or
arbitration decision, or, if settled, the court's order of dismissal.
3. The reporting licensee may
submit a written explanatory statement to be included in the Board's
records.
4. Documents provided to
the Board shall be closed to public inspection if federal or state statute,
rule, or regulation so provides.
5.
This Rule shall apply to any reportable event that occurs on or after the
Rule's effective date.
F.
APPLICATION FOR BOARD ACTION
A certificate holder or a person wishing the Board to take
any action regarding the status of a certificate shall apply in a manner
prescribed by the Board, except as otherwise provided under Rule 1.9 (transfer
to inactive status).
G.
ACTIVE CERTIFICATE
An active certificate expires and must be renewed according
to the schedule established by the Division of Professions and Occupations
pursuant to section
12-20-202, C.R.S., in order to
maintain the certificate in active status.
1. CPE hours completed prior to
certification, but within the CPE reporting period, may be eligible for CPE
credit upon Renewal.
2. A
certificate holder, including the holder of an initial certificate, must
complete ten hours of CPE for each full quarter in which the certificate holder
is actively licensed during a CPE reporting period.
a. No more than twenty percent of CPE can be
in Personal Development, as defined by the Fields of Study.
b. Four hours of CPE must be in Ethics, of
which two hours may be in CR&R.
c. No more than fifty percent of CPE can be
in any combination of teaching or publishing an article or book.
3. As a condition of renewal,
certificate holders shall attest that they have complied with the requirements
of this Rule 1.9(G).
4. The Board
cannot renew the certificate of a certificate holder who issues attest or
compilation reports unless he attests to having undergone a peer review as
provided in Rule 1.11.
5. As a
condition of renewal, a certificate holder shall attest that he has complied
with the requirements of Rule 1.12(K).
H.
INACTIVE STATUS CERTIFICATE
An inactive certificate expires and must be renewed according
to the schedule established by the Division of Professions and Occupations
pursuant to section
12-20-201, C.R.S., to maintain the
certificate in inactive status.
1.
Transfer of a Certificate to Inactive Status
To transfer a certificate to inactive status, a certificate
holder must submit notice in a manner prescribed by the Board or provide
written notice by first class mail to the Board.
2. Conditions of an Inactive Certificate
a. Inactive certificate holders are not
required to comply with CPE requirements for the period during which the
certificate is inactive.
b.
Inactive status must be indicated by the word "Inactive" (e.g., Inactive CPA or
Inactive Certified Public Accountant) if the certificate holder uses the CPA
designation in any manner.
c. A
certificate holder with a certificate in inactive status cannot hold out or
perform any service for which an active certificate is required under section
12-100-116(1),
C.R.S.
3. A certificate
holder may transfer a certificate to inactive status whether or not he has
complied with his current CPE requirements. However, transferring a certificate
to inactive status does not relieve the certificate holder of the obligation to
complete any CPE accrued but not completed as of the date he transferred the
certificate to inactive status. The certificate holder may be subject to
discipline for failure to timely complete such CPE and he must complete that
CPE prior to returning the certificate to active status (i.e., to reactivate
the certificate) as provided in Rule 1.9(K).
4. A certificate may be reactivated to active
status as provided in Rule 1.9(K).
I.
RETIRED STATUS CERTIFICATE
A retired certificate expires and must be renewed according
to the schedule established by the Division of Professions and Occupations
pursuant to section
12-20-202, C.R.S., to maintain the
certificate in retired status.
1. A
certificate holder may transfer a certificate from active, inactive, or expired
status to retired status. To transfer a certificate to retired status, the
certificate holder must:
a. Submit an
application in a manner prescribed by the Board;
b. Be at least fifty-five years old;
and
c. Have held an active
certificate in good standing issued by any State for a total of at least
fifteen years and must have held an active Colorado certificate for at least
two of those years.
2.
Conditions of a Retired Certificate
a. A
retired certificate holder is not required to comply with CPE requirements for
the period during which the certificate is in retired status.
b. Retired status must be indicated by the
word "Retired" (e.g., Retired CPA or Retired Certified Public Accountant) if
the certificate holder uses the CPA designation in any manner.
c. A retired certificate holder cannot hold
out or perform any service for which an active certificate is required under
section 12-100-116(1),
C.R.S.
3. A certificate
in retired status may be reactivated to active status pursuant to Rule
1.9(K).
J.
EXPIRED
STATUS CERTIFICATE
1. A certificate
that is not renewed on or before the expiration date will expire; however,
there is a sixty-day "grace period" from the expiration date within which the
certificate may be renewed, subject to a late fee. A certificate holder will
not be disciplined for holding out or practicing public accounting with an
expired certificate during the grace period.
2. Conditions of an Expired Certificate
a. After the grace period, a certificate
holder whose certificate has expired cannot hold out or perform any service for
which an active certificate is required under section
12-100-116(1),
C.R.S.
b. A certificate holder is
not required to comply with CPE requirements for the period in which his
certificate is in expired status.
3. An expired certificate may be transferred
to Inactive status as provided in Rule 1.9(H)(1).
4. Allowing a certificate to expire does not
relieve the certificate holder of the obligation to complete any CPE accrued
but not completed as of the date the certificate expired. The certificate
holder may be subject to discipline for failure to timely complete such CPE and
he must complete that CPE prior to reinstating the certificate to active status
as provided in Rule 1.9(K).
5. An
expired certificate may be reinstated to active status as provided in Rule
1.9(K).
K.
REACTIVATION OF A RETIRED OR INACTIVE STATUS CERTIFICATE, AND
REINSTATEMENT OF AN EXPIRED CERTIFICATE
1. Conditions of Reactivation/Reinstatement-
Less Than 2 Years
When a certificate has been in retired, inactive or expired
status for less than two years, it may be reactivated or reinstated, provided
the certificate holder has met the following requirements preceding the
application receipt date.
a. Completed
the minimum eighty hours of CPE required for the CPE reporting period
immediately preceding the CPE reporting period in which the application for
reactivation or reinstatement is received; and
b. Completed a minimum of ten hours of CPE for each
full quarter during the current CPE reporting period in which the certificate
was retired, inactive or expired, up to eighty hours.
c. No more than twenty percent of the
required CPE can be in Personal Development, as defined by the Fields of Study,
and no more than fifty percent can be in any combination of teaching or
publishing an article or book.
2. Conditions of Reactivation/Reinstatement-
2 Years or More but Less Than 6 Years
When a certificate has been in retired, inactive or expired
status for at least two but less than six years, it may be reactivated or
reinstated, provided the certificate holder has met the requirements set forth
in section (1) of this Rule 1.9 and completes and passes the
Professional Ethics: The American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants' Comprehensive Course (for Licensure) or a subsequently
named course.
3. Conditions
of Reactivation/Reinstatement- 6 Years or More
When a certificate has been in retired, inactive or expired
status for six years or more, it may be reactivated or reinstated, provided the
certificate holder has satisfied the conditions set forth in paragraphs (a),
(b), or (c) of this Rule 1.9(K)(3).
a.
The certificate holder must:
(1) Meet the
requirements of section (2) of this Rule 1.9(K)(3)(a); and
(2) Obtain:
(a) One year of experience as provided in
Rule 1.7, except that the experience must be obtained within two years
immediately preceding the application receipt date; or
(b) A Master's degree or higher with a
concentration in accounting deemed obtained from an Accredited Baccalaureate
Granting College, as provided in Rule 1.5, within two years immediately
preceding the application receipt date.
b. The certificate holder may reinstate or
reactivate a certificate that has been retired, inactive or expired for six
years or more by satisfying the same conditions as an applicant for initial
certification, including passing the examination, meeting the education and
experience requirements as established by statute and these Rules, and
completing and passing the AICPA Ethics Course and Examination.
c. The certificate holder may reinstate or
reactivate a certificate that has been retired, inactive or expired for six
years or more if the certificate holder holds a certificate, license or other
recognized qualification in full force and effect from a foreign country that
has entered into an MRA as provided in Rule 1.8, or a certificate or license in
active status issued by another state provided the other state meets the
substantial equivalency requirements defined in Rule 1.4.
(1) The certificate holder must submit with
the application for reinstatement or reactivation an official verification of
licensure from the other state or foreign country; and
(2) Attest to having completed eighty hours
of CPE as described in this Rule 1.9 (K).
4. The certificate holder must meet the
requirements for reinstatement or reactivation to active status based on the
total combined period during which the certificate was expired, retired, or
inactive. For example, if a certificate had been in an inactive status for
three years and a retired status for four years, the certificate holder must
meet the reactivation requirements pertaining to six years or more per Rule
1.9(K)(3).
L.
CPE
REQUIRED AFTER REACTIVATION OR REINSTATEMENT TO ACTIVE STATUS
1. When a certificate is reactivated or
reinstated to active status, the CPE required for the current CPE reporting
period is ten hours for each full quarter remaining in the CPE reporting period
in which the certificate was reinstated or reactivated. No more than twenty
percent of the CPE can be in Personal Development, as defined by the Fields of
Study and, no more than fifty percent can be in any combination of teaching or
publishing an article or book. Two hours of CPE must be in Ethics, which cannot
be in CR&R.
2. CPE used for
reactivation or reinstatement to active status cannot be used to satisfy the
requirements of this Rule 1.9(L).
M.
EXCEPTIONS
The Board in its discretion may grant exceptions to the
requirements in this Rule 1.9 for reasons of individual hardship or other good
cause.