Code of Colorado Regulations
1000 - Department of Public Health and Environment
1002 - Water Quality Control Commission (1002 Series)
5 CCR 1002-11 - REGULATION NO. 11 - COLORADO PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
Section 5 CCR 1002-11.34 - CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORT (CCR) RULE

Universal Citation: 5 CO Code Regs 1002-11 ยง 34

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 5, March 10, 2024

11.34(1) Applicability and Definitions

(a) For community water systems, the supplier must distribute an annual consumer confidence report that complies with the requirements specified in this rule.
(i) For a wholesale system that supplies water to a consecutive community water system(s), the wholesaler must provide the applicable information to the supplier(s) responsible for the consecutive system(s) necessary to complete the CCR.

(b) "CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORT" or "CCR" means an annual report that includes information on the quality of the water supplied by a public water system and characterizes the risks, if any, from exposure to contaminants detected in the drinking water in an accurate and understandable manner.

(c) "DETECTED" means a sample result was greater than or equal to (>=) the detection limits specified in 11.46 for disinfection byproducts and individual rules for inorganic chemical contaminants, volatile organic chemical contaminants, synthetic organic chemical contaminants, disinfection byproducts, and radioactive contaminants.

(d) "REGULATED CONTAMINANT" means a contaminant subject to a MCL, action level, MRDL, or treatment technique under the Colorado Primary Drinking Water Regulations.

11.34(2) Content Requirements for the CCR

(a) General Content Requirements for the CCR
(i) The supplier must include data collected for compliance purposes during the previous calendar year in the CCR.
(A) If the supplier sampled for a contaminant less frequently than annually, the supplier must include the date and result(s) of the most recent sampling for that contaminant.
(I) The supplier must include a brief statement that explains that the data presented are from the most recent sampling conducted.

(II) The supplier is not required to include data older than five years.

(ii) The supplier must include all of the following definitions in the CCR:
(A) Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) means the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.

(B) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) means the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.

(iii) If the CCR includes any of the following terms, the supplier must include the applicable definition(s) in the CCR:
(A) Treatment Technique means a required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

(B) Action Level means the concentration of a contaminant, which if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must comply with.

(C) Maximum residual disinfectant level goal (MRDLG) means the level of a drinking water disinfectant below which, there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.

(D) Maximum residual disinfectant level (MRDL) means the highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

(E) Variances and Exemptions mean that the supplier has Department permission to not meet an MCL or a treatment technique requirement under certain conditions.

(F) Level 1 assessment means a study of the water system to identify possible problems and determine, if possible, why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water system.

(G) Level 2 assessment means a very detailed study of the water system to identify possible problems and determine, if possible, why an E. coli MCL violation has occurred and/or why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water system on multiple occasions.

(iv) The supplier must include in the CCR the telephone number for the system that the consumer may call for additional information about the CCR.

(v) The supplier must include in the CCR information about opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water (e.g., time and place of regularly scheduled board meetings).

(vi) For systems supplying a large proportion of non-English speaking consumers, as determined by the Department, the supplier must include either of the following in the CCR:
(A) Information in the appropriate language(s) regarding the importance of the CCR.

(B) A telephone number or address where the consumer may contact the supplier to obtain a translated copy of the CCR or request assistance in the appropriate language.

(vii) For each violation that occurs during the year covered by the CCR specified in 11.34(2)(d)(vi), the supplier must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation, any potential adverse health effects, and the steps the supplier has taken to correct the violation.

(viii) For CCRs due on or after July 1, 2025, the supplier must include in the CCR a statement that a service line inventory has been prepared as required under 11.17(2)(a) and include instructions to access the service line inventory, including inventories consisting only of a statement under 11.17(2)(b)(i)(C).

(ix) For CCRs due on or after July 1, 2025, the supplier must include in the CCR a statement notifying consumers that complete lead tap sampling data are available for review and must include instructions on how to access the data.

(b) Language Requirements for the CCR
(i) The supplier must include all of the following language in the CCR, exactly as written:
(A) "Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791)."

(B) "Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791)."

(ii) The supplier must also include in the CCR a brief explanation regarding contaminants which may reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water including bottled water.
(A) The supplier may use the following language or comparable language:
(I) "The sources of drinking water include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.

Contaminants that may be present in source water include:

- Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.

- Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban storm water runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.

- Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban storm water runoff, and residential uses.

- Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and also may come from gas stations, urban storm water runoff, and septic systems.

- Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.

In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The Food and Drug Administration regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health."

(iii) The supplier must include in the CCR a short informational statement about lead in drinking water and its effects on children.
(A) The supplier may use the following language, providing the specific information for the text in brackets, or other Department-approved language written by the supplier:
(I) Lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. [NAME OF UTILITY] is responsible for providing high quality drinking water and removing lead pipes, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components in your home. You share the responsibility for protecting yourself and your family from the lead in your home plumbing. You can take responsibility by identifying and removing lead materials within your home plumbing and taking steps to reduce your family's risk. Before drinking tap water, flush your pipes for several minutes by running your tap, taking a shower, doing laundry or a load of dishes. You can also use a filter certified by an American National Standards Institute accredited certifier to reduce lead in drinking water. If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to have your water tested, contact [NAME OF UTILITY and CONTACT INFORMATION]. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.

(c) Source Water Content Requirements for the CCR
(i) The supplier must include all of the following information about each of the system's sources in the CCR:
(A) The type of source (e.g., surface water or groundwater).

(B) The commonly used name(s) of the source(s), if any.

(C) The general location(s) of the source(s).

(D) If a source water assessment has been completed, the supplier must include all of the following:
(I) Notification of the availability of this information.

(II) How to obtain this information.

(III) If the Department has provided a source water assessment, a brief summary of the system's susceptibility to potential sources of contamination, using language provided by the Department or written by the supplier.

(d) Detected Contaminant Content Requirements for the CCR
(i) The supplier must include in the CCR information on all of the following detected contaminants, except Cryptosporidium:
(A) Regulated contaminants.

(B) Unregulated contaminants that the supplier must sample for under 11.47.

(C) Unregulated detected contaminants in finished water that the supplier must monitor for under 11.14

(ii) The information for detected contaminants must be displayed in a table or several adjacent tables.
(A) If the supplier chooses to include information related to any additional sample results not required by 11.34(2)(d)(i), the supplier must display this information separately from the table(s) of detected contaminants.

(iii) For each regulated contaminant, the table(s) of detected contaminants must include all of the following:
(A) The MCL expressed as a whole number as specified in Table 11.34-I.
(I) If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the supplier must show in the table(s) that there is a treatment technique, or specify the action level, applicable to that contaminant.

(B) The MCLG expressed in the same units as the MCL.

(C) For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity, total coliforms and E. coli, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance and the range of detected levels as follows:
(I) If compliance with the MCL is determined annually or less frequently, the highest detected level and the range of all detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL.

(II) If compliance with the MCL is determined based on a RAA, the RAA and range of all detected sample results expressed in the same units as the MCL.

(III) If compliance with the MCL is determined based on an LRAA, the highest LRAA and the range of all LRAAs expressed in the same units as the MCL.
(a) For the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs, the supplier must also include the range of all individual sample results expressed in the same units as the MCL.

(b) For the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs, if more than one LRAA exceeds the MCL, the supplier must include the LRAAs for all sampling locations that exceeded the MCL.

(D) For turbidity reported under 11.8, the highest single turbidity measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the turbidity limit specified in 11.8 for the filtration technology being used.
(I) The supplier should include an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity.

(E) For lead and copper, the 90th percentile value(s) and the number of sampling sites that exceeded the action levels.

(F) For E. coli, the total number of E. coli-positive samples that are not special purpose samples, collected under 11.16.

(iv) For each unregulated contaminant for which the supplier must monitor, the table(s) of detected contaminants must include the average of the sample results and the range of all detected levels.
(A) The supplier may include a brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants.

(v) The table(s) of detected contaminants must also include the likely source(s) of the contaminants to the best of the supplier's knowledge.
(A) If the supplier lacks specific information on the likely source, the supplier must include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant listed in Table 11.34-I that is most applicable to the system.

(vi) The table(s) of detected contaminants must clearly identify any data that show a violation of any of the requirements listed below that occurred during the year covered by the CCR:
(A) MCLs.

(B) MRDLs.

(C) Treatment techniques.

(D) Monitoring and reporting of compliance data.

(E) Filtration and disinfection as specified in 11.8.

(F) Recordkeeping of compliance data.

(G) Special monitoring requirements as specified in 11.47 and 11.20.

(H) If applicable, the terms of a variance, an exemption, or an administrative or judicial order.

(vii) If a system supplies water through multiple hydraulically independent distribution systems that use different sources, the supplier should identify each separate distribution system in the CCR and should include a separate column for each independent distribution system in the table(s) of detected contaminants.
(A) Alternatively, the supplier may produce separate CCRs that only include data for each independent distribution system.

(e) Additional Content Requirements for the CCR
(i) If the supplier is required to comply with 11.11:
(A) The supplier must include all of the following information in the CCR about any significant deficiency that has not been corrected at the time of delivery of the CCR:
(I) The nature of the significant deficiency(s).

(II) The date(s) the significant deficiency(s) was identified by the Department.

(III) For each significant deficiency that was required to be addressed under 11.38(3) that has not been addressed, the Department-approved plan and schedule for correction, including interim measures, progress to date, and any interim measures completed.

(B) The supplier must continue to include the information under 11.34(2)(e)(i)(A) each year until the Department determines that the significant deficiency was corrected under 11.38(3).

(C) If directed by the Department, the supplier must include all of the following information for any significant deficiency that was corrected before the CCR is issued:
(I) Inform the customers of the significant deficiency.

(II) How the deficiency was corrected.

(III) The date of correction.

(D) The supplier must include all of the following information in the CCR about any fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample:
(I) The source of the fecal contamination, if the source is known.

(II) The date(s) of the fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample(s).

(III) For each fecal indicator-positive contamination event in the groundwater source that was required to be addressed under 11.11(6)(b) that has not been addressed, the Department-approved plan and schedule for correction, including interim measures, progress to date, and any interim measures completed.

(IV) If the fecal contamination in the groundwater source was addressed under 11.11(6), the date of such action.

(V) The applicable potential health effects language specified in Table 11.34-I for a fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample(s) that was not invalidated by the Department.

(E) The supplier must continue to include the information specified in 11.34(2)(e)(i)(D) each year until the Department determines that the fecal contamination in the groundwater source was addressed under 11.11(6)(b).

(ii) If the supplier has nitrate sample result(s) greater than (>) 5 mg/L but less than (<) the MCL, the supplier must include a short informational statement about nitrate's effect on children.
(A) The supplier may use the following language or other Department-approved language written by the supplier:
(I) "Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant you should ask advice from your health care provider."

(iii) If the supplier has arsenic sample result(s) greater than (>) 0.005 mg/L but less than or equal to (<=) 0.010 mg/L, the supplier must include a short informational statement about arsenic.
(A) The supplier may use the following language or other Department-approved language written by the supplier:
(I) "While your drinking water meets the EPA's standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. The EPA's standard balances the current understanding of arsenic's possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. The EPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems."

(iv) If the supplier sampled for Cryptosporidium and the sample results show that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source water or the finished water, the supplier must include all of the following:
(A) A summary of the sample results.

(B) An explanation of the significance of the sample results.

(v) If the supplier sampled for radon and the sample results show that radon may be present in the finished water, the supplier must include all of the following:
(A) The sample results.

(B) An explanation of the significance of the sample results.

(vi) If a supplier is operating under a variance or an exemption as specified in 11.43, the supplier must include all of the following:
(A) An explanation of the reasons for the variance or exemption.

(B) The date on which the variance or exemption was issued.

(C) A brief status report on the steps the supplier is taking to install treatment, find alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules of the variance or exemption.

(D) A notice of any opportunity for public input in the review or renewal, of the variance or exemption.

(vii) For surface water systems, if the supplier failed to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes, or has had a failure of such equipment or processes which are a violation as specified in 11.8, the supplier must include the following language exactly as written as part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects:
(A) "Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches."

(viii) If the supplier failed to take one or more actions for lead and copper control as specified in 11.17 or 11.26, the supplier must include the applicable language from Table 11.34-I.

(ix) If the supplier failed to comply with the acrylamide and epichlorohydrin certification requirements as specified in 11.21(5), the supplier must include the applicable language from Table 11.34-I.

(x) The supplier must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of any violation specified in 11.34(2)(d)(vi), including the length of the violation, any potential adverse health effects, and the actions the supplier has taken to correct the violation.
(A) To describe the potential adverse health effects, the supplier must include the applicable language from Table 11.34-I.

(xi) If the supplier has collected additional voluntary samples and the sample results show the presence of other contaminants in the finished water, the Department strongly encourages the supplier to report any sample results which may show a health concern.
(A) To determine if results may show a health concern, the Department recommends that the supplier find out if EPA has proposed a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation or has issued a health advisory for that contaminant by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).

(B) Detects above a proposed MCL or health advisory level show possible health concerns. For such contaminants, the Department recommends that the supplier include all of the following:
(I) The sample results.

(II) An explanation of the significance of the sample results noting the existence of a health advisory or a proposed regulation.

(xii) If a backflow prevention and cross-connection control violation occurs under 11.39(6), the supplier must include the following.
(A) The following language exactly as written:
(I) "We have an inadequate backflow prevention and cross-connection control program. Uncontrolled cross-connections can lead to inadvertent contamination of the drinking water."

(B) If applicable, one or both of the following statements:
(I) We have installed or permitted an uncontrolled cross-connection.

(II) We experienced a backflow contamination event.

(xiii) If the supplier is required to conduct a Level 1 assessment and/or a Level 2 assessment that is not triggered by an E. coli MCL violation, the supplier must include the following:
(A) The following language exactly as written:
(I) "Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments."

(B) The following applicable language for a Level 1 assessment and/or a Level 2 assessment exactly as written, providing the specific information for the text in brackets:
(I) During the past year we were required to conduct [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENTS] Level 1 assessment(s). [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 1 ASSESSMENTS] Level 1 assessment(s) were completed. In addition, we were required to take [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] corrective actions and we completed [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] of these actions.

(II) During the past year [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENTS] Level 2 assessments were required to be completed for our water system. [INSERT NUMBER OF LEVEL 2 ASSESSMENTS] Level 2 assessments were completed. In addition, we were required to take [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] corrective actions and we completed [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] of these actions.

(xiv) If the supplier is required to conduct a Level 2 assessment that is triggered by an E. coli MCL violation, the supplier must include the following language exactly as written, providing the specific information for the text in brackets:
(A) "E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. We found E. coli bacteria, indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments."

(B) We were required to complete a Level 2 assessment because we found E. coli in our water system. In addition, we were required to take [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] corrective actions and we completed [INSERT NUMBER OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS] of these actions.

(xv) If a treatment technique violation occurs under 11.16(11)(b)(i), the supplier must include one or both of the following statements, as applicable:
(A) During the past year we failed to conduct all of the required assessment(s).

(B) During the past year we failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that were found during the assessment.

(xvi) If an E. coli-positive sample has not violated the E. coli MCL, in addition to completing the table in 11.34(2)(d), the supplier must include a statement that explains that although they have detected E. coli, they are not in violation of the E. coli MCL.

(xvii) If an E. coli MCL violation occurs, in addition to completing the table in 11.34(2)(d), the supplier must include one or more of the following statements, as applicable:
(A) We had an E. coli-positive repeat sample following a total coliform-positive routine sample.

(B) We had a total coliform-positive repeat sample following an E. coli-positive routine sample.

(C) We failed to take all required repeat samples following an E. coli-positive routine sample.

(D) We failed to test for E. coli when any repeat sample tests positive for total coliform.

(xviii) If the supplier is subject to the requirements specified in 11.14, the supplier must include the following information:
(A) A description of direct potable reuse.

(B) A description of the supplier's direct potable reuse pathogen and chemical critical control points.

(C) A description or depiction of the service area that is supplied with finished water from the direct potable reuse project.

(xix) The supplier may include additional information necessary for public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the CCR.

11.34(3) Distribution of the CCR

(a) For a wholesale system that supplies water to a consecutive community water system(s), the wholesaler must:
(i) Distribute all the applicable information specified in 11.34(2)(a), 11.34(2)(b)(i)(A), 11.34(2)(b)(ii), 11.34(2)(c), 11.34(2)(d), 11.34(2)(e)(i), and 11.34(2)(e)(iv-xii) to the supplier responsible for the consecutive system(s) no later than either:
(A) April 1 each year.

(B) A date mutually agreed on that is included in the written contract between the suppliers.

(b) The supplier must distribute the CCR to customers no later than July 1 each year.
(i) For new systems or reclassified systems that now meet the applicability of this rule, the supplier must distribute the first CCR no later than July 1 of the year after the first full calendar year in operation.

(c) The supplier must mail or otherwise directly deliver one copy of the CCR to each customer.
(i) For systems supplying less than (<) 10,000 people, this requirement may be waived if the supplier complies with all of the following:
(A) Publishes the CCR in one or more local newspapers serving the area in which the system is located.

(B) Informs the customers that the CCR will not be mailed, either in the newspapers in which the reports are published or by other Department-approved means.

(C) The supplier makes the CCR available to the public upon request.

(ii) For systems supplying less than or equal to ([LESS THAN EQUAL TO]) 500 people, the requirements specified in 11.34(3)(c)(i)(A) and 11.34(3)(c)(i)(B) may be waived if the supplier provides notice to customers at least annually that the CCR is available upon request. This notice may be distributed either by mail, door-to-door delivery, or by posting in an appropriate location.

(d) The supplier must make a good faith effort to reach consumers who are supplied by the system but are not customers (e.g. renters, workers, etc.) using methods recommended by the Department.
(i) A good faith effort to reach consumers includes a combination of methods appropriate to the system such as:
(A) Posting the reports on the Internet.

(B) Mailing to postal patrons in metropolitan areas.

(C) Advertising the availability of the report in the news media.

(D) Publication in a local newspaper.

(E) Posting in public places (e.g., cafeterias or lunch rooms of public buildings).

(F) Delivery of multiple copies for distribution by single-billed customers (e.g., apartment buildings or large private employers).

(G) Delivery to community organizations.

(e) For systems supplying greater than or equal to (>=) 100,000 people, the supplier must post the most recent CCR to a publicly accessible site on the Internet.

(f) The supplier must make the CCR available to the public upon request.

11.34(4) Reporting Requirements for the CCR

(a) No later than July 1 of each calendar year, the supplier must submit a copy of the CCR along with a Certification of Delivery to the Department.
(i) The Certification of Delivery must state that the CCR has been distributed to customers and that the information is correct and consistent with the information that the supplier previously submitted to the Department.

(ii) The supplier must also distribute the CCR to any other agency or clearinghouse as directed to by the Department.

(b) For wholesale systems, the wholesaler must submit a copy of the information provided to the supplier responsible for the consecutive system along with a Certification of Delivery to the Department no later than the date specified in 11.34(3)(a)(i).
(i) The Certification of Delivery must state that the information has been distributed to the supplier responsible for the consecutive system(s) and that the information is correct and consistent with the information that the wholesaler previously submitted to the Department.

TABLE 11.34-I TABLE OF REGULATED CONTAMINANTS

Contaminant (units)

MCL (in mg/L unless otherwise noted)

To convert for CCR, multiply by

MCL in CCR units

MCLG

Major sources in drinking water

Health effects language

Microbiological Contaminants

Total coliform bacteria

TT

N/A

TT

N/A

Naturally present in the environment

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution.

Fecal Indicators:

1) E. coli,

2) enterococci or

3) coliphage

TT

N/A

TT

N/A

Human and animal fecal waste

Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short- term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.

E. coli

E. coli-positive repeat sample following a total coliform-positive routine sample, total coliform-positive repeat sample following an E. coli-positive routine sample, failure to collect all required repeat samples following an E. coli-positive routine sample, or failure to analyze a total-coliform positive repeat sample for E. coli.

N/A

E. coli-positive repeat sample following a total coliform-positive routine sample, total coliform-positive repeat sample following an E. coli-positive routine sample, failure to collect all required repeat samples following an E. coli-positive routine sample, or failure to analyze a total-coliform positive repeat sample for E. coli.

0

Human and animal fecal waste

E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely-compromised immune systems.

Total organic carbon (ppm)

TT

N/A

TT

N/A

Naturally present in the environment.

Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by products. These byproducts include trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5s). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.

Turbidity (NTU)

TT

N/A

TT

N/A

Soil runoff.

Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

Disinfectant residual2

TT (in the distribution system)

N/A

TT (in the distribution system)

N/A

Water additive used to control microbes.

Disinfectant residual serves as one of the final barriers to protect public health. Lack of an adequate disinfectant residual may increase the likelihood that disease-causing organisms are present.

Radionuclides

Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)

4 mrem/yr

N/A

4

0

Decay of natural and man-made deposits.

Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta particle and photon radioactivity in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Alpha emitters (pCi/L)

15 pCi/L

N/A

15

0

Erosion of natural deposits.

Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Combined radium (pCi/L)

5 pCi/L

N/A

5

0

Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing radium -226 or -228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Uranium (µg/L)

30 µg/L

N/A

30

0

Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity.

Inorganic Chemicals

Antimony (ppb)

0.006

1000

6

6

Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder.

Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.

Arsenic (ppb)

0.010

1000

104

04

Erosion of natural deposits; Runoff from orchards; Runoff from glass and electronics production wastes.

Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Asbestos (MFL)

7 MFL

N/A

7

7

Decay of asbestos cement water mains; Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.

Barium (ppm)

2

N/A

2

2

Discharge of drilling wastes; Discharge from metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.

Beryllium (ppb)

0.004

1000

4

4

Discharge from metal refineries and coal burning factories; Discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries.

Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.

Bromate (ppb)

0.010

1000

10

0

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Cadmium (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

5

Corrosion of galvanized pipes; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from metal refineries; Runoff from waste batteries and paints.

Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.

Chloramines (ppm)

MRDL = 4

N/A

MRDL = 4

MRDLG = 4

Water additive used to control microbes.

Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.

Chlorine (ppm)

MRDL = 4

N/A

MRDL = 4

MRDLG = 4

Water additive used to control microbes.

Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort.

Chlorine dioxide (ppb)

MRDL = 0.8

1000

MRDL = 800

MRDLG = 800

Water additive used to control microbes.

Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.

Chlorite (ppm)

1

N/A

1

0.8

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.

Chromium (ppb)

0.1

1000

100

100

Discharge from steel and pulp mills; Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.

Copper (ppm)

AL=1.3

N/A

AL=1.3

1.3

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits.

Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson's Disease should consult their personal doctor.

Cyanide (ppb)

0.2

1000

200

200

Discharge from steel/metal factories; Discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories.

Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.

Fluoride (ppm)

4.0

N/A

4.0

4.0

Erosion of natural deposits; Water additive that promotes strong teeth; Discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.

Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of children's teeth, usually in children less than nine years old. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.

Lead (ppb)

AL=0.015

1000

AL=15

0

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits.

Exposure to lead in drinking water can cause serious health effects in all age groups. Infants and children can have decreases in IQ and attention span. Lead exposure can lead to new learning and behavior problems or exacerbate existing learning and behavior problems. The children of women who are exposed to lead before or during pregnancy can have increased risk of these adverse health effects. Adults can have increased risks of heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney or nervous system problems.

Mercury (inorganic) (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

2

Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from refineries and factories; Runoff from landfills; Runoff from cropland.

Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.

Nitrate (ppm)

10

N/A

10

10

Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits.

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.

Nitrite (ppm)

1

N/A

1

1

Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits.

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.

Selenium (ppb)

0.05

1000

50

50

Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from mines.

Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation.

Thallium (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

0.5

Leaching from ore-processing sites; Discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories.

Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.

Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)

2,4-D (ppb)

0.07

1000

70

70

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.

2,4,5-TP (Silvex)(ppb)

0.05

1000

50

50

Residue of banned herbicide.

Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.

Acrylamide

N/A

N/A

TT

0

Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment.

Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Alachlor (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

0

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Atrazine (ppb)

0.003

1000

3

3

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.

Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) (nanograms/L)

0.0002

1,000,000

200

0

Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines.

Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Carbofuran (ppb)

0.04

1000

40

40

Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.

Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.

Chlordane (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

0

Residue of banned termiticide.

Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Dalapon (ppb)

0.2

1000

200

200

Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way.

Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (ppb)

0.4

1000

400

400

Discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects, such as weight loss, liver enlargement or possible reproductive difficulties.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ppb)

0.006

1000

6

0

Discharge from rubber and chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Dibromochloro-propane (ppt)

0.0002

1,000,000

200

0

Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards.

Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Dinoseb (ppb)

0.007

1000

7

7

Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables.

Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.

Diquat (ppb)

0.02

1000

20

20

Runoff from herbicide use.

Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) (ppq)

0.00000003

1,000,000,000

30

0

Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Endothall (ppb)

0.1

1000

100

100

Runoff from herbicide use

Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines.

Endrin (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

2

Residue of banned insecticide

Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.

Epichlorohydrin

TT

N/A

TT

0

Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an impurity of some water treatment chemicals.

Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Ethylene dibromide (ppt)

0.00005

1,000,000

50

0

Discharge from petroleum refineries.

Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Glyphosate (ppb)

0.7

1000

700

700

Runoff from herbicide use.

Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.

Heptachlor (ppt)

0.0004

1,000,000

400

0

Residue of banned pesticide.

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)

0.0002

1,000,000

200

0

Breakdown of heptachlor.

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)

0.001

1000

1

0

Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Hexachloro-cyclopentadiene (ppb)

0.05

1000

50

50

Discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.

Lindane (ppt)

0.0002

1,000,000

200

200

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens.

Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.

Methoxychlor (ppb)

0.04

1000

40

40

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock.

Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.

Oxamyl (Vydate) (ppb)

0.2

1000

200

200

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes and tomatoes.

Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.

PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) (ppt)

0.0005

1,000,000

500

0

Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals.

Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Pentachloro-phenol (ppb)

0.001

1000

1

0

Discharge from wood preserving factories.

Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Picloram (ppb)

0.5

1000

500

500

Herbicide runoff.

Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

Simazine (ppb)

0.004

1000

4

4

Herbicide runoff.

Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.

Toxaphene (ppb)

0.003

1000

3

0

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle.

Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)

Benzene (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills.

Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities.

Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Chlorobenzene (ppb)

0.1

1000

100

100

Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)

0.6

1000

600

600

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.

p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)

0.075

1000

75

75

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.

1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from Industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)

0.007

1000

7

7

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)

0.07

1000

70

70

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)

0.1

1000

100

100

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

Dichloromethane (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Ethylbenzene (ppb)

0.7

1000

700

700

Discharge from petroleum refineries.

Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

Haloacetic Acids (HAA) (ppb)

0.060

1000

60

N/A

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Styrene (ppb)

0.1

1000

100

100

Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from landfills.

Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.

Tetrachloro-ethylene (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from factories and dry cleaners.

Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1,2,4-Trichloro-benzene (ppb)

0.07

1000

70

70

Discharge from textile-finishing factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)

0.2

1000

200

200

Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.

1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

3

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems.

Trichloro-ethylene (ppb)

0.005

1000

5

0

Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories.

Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

TTHMs (Total trihalomethanes) (ppb)

0.080

1000

80

N/A

Byproduct of drinking water disinfection.

Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Toluene (ppm)

1

N/A

1

1

Discharge from petroleum factories.

Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.

Vinyl Chloride (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

0

Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics factories.

Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Xylenes (ppm)

10

N/A

10

10

Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.

Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Colorado may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
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