California Code of Regulations
Title 8 - Industrial Relations
Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations
Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety
Subchapter 7 - General Industry Safety Orders
Group 3 - General Plant Equipment and Special Operations
Article 13 - Agricultural Operations
Section 3449 - Outdoor Agricultural Operations During Hours of Darkness (Between Sunset and Sunrise)

(a) Illumination. Outdoor agricultural operations taking place between sunset and sunrise shall be illuminated at levels no less than the levels stated in Table 1. Illumination levels for task lighting shall be measured at the task/working surface, in the plane in which the task/work surface is present. Illumination levels for area lighting shall be measured at approximately 30 inches above the floor or other horizontal, vertical or sloped surface on or through which the employee walks, works or gains access to a work area.

NOTE: The illumination levels required in Table 1 may be provided by one or more light source (e.g. lamp mounted on equipment, vehicles, or personal hands free portable lighting) or a combination of methods.

(b) Safety meetings. Supervisory employees shall conduct a safety meeting at the beginning of each shift to inform employees of the location of the restrooms, drinking water, designated break areas, nearby bodies of water, and high traffic areas.

NOTE to Subsection (b): Safety meetings are part of the implementation of Section 3203(a)(3).

(c) The employer shall provide and require workers to wear Class 2 high visibility garments meeting the requirements of Section 3380(e) and conforming to specifications of American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Accessories, (ANSI/ISEA) 107-2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference, for work activities between sunset and sunrise.

NOTE to Subsection (c): See Sections 3380, Personal Protective Devices and 3383(b), Body Protection.

Non-Mandatory Appendix to Section 3449

This Appendix serves as a guide to employers in selecting light sources or lamps.

Wattage

Wattage is a unit of power, amount of electricity the light bulb will consume. Use a light bulb that is appropriate for the light fixture. Do not use a light bulb that exceeds the maximum wattage on your fixture.

Quantity of Light or Brightness

Lumens is a unit of luminous flux, a measure of the quantity of visible light emitted by a source.

Beam angle, beam radius, and target distance from the fixture

Different lamps have different beam angles, from a narrow beam for spot lighting to very wide angle for flood lighting. The brightest output is usually located at the center of the beam. It is important to match the beam angle, beam radius, and target distance to the application of use.

Photopic, Scotopic and Mesopic Vision

Photopic vision-human colour vision under normal lighting conditions during the day.

Scotopic vision-visual perception in dim light "night vision". Scotopic vision is more sensitive to blue light.

Mesopic vision-combination of photopic and scotopic vision which takes into account the combination of the higher total sensitivity of the rod cells in the eye for blue range, with the colour perception of the cone cells.

Light sources with a higher S/P ratio are better for night vision because their spectral distribution includes more blue and green light. A higher S/P ratio translates to a higher visually effective lux. A ratio higher than 1 means that the lamp is producing more scotopic lumens than photopic lumens.

General Scotopic/Photopic Ratios of Commercially Available Light Sources

Source: Lighting Industry Association Technical Statement, Issue 1-05/2013