California Code of Regulations
Title 8 - Industrial Relations
Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations
Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety
Subchapter 7 - General Industry Safety Orders
Group 13 - Cranes and Other Hoisting Equipment
Article 101 - Slings
Section 5041 - Definitions
Angle of Loading. Inclination of a leg or branch of a sling may be measured from the horizontal or vertical plane as shown in Figure S-5. When angle of loading is less than 5 degrees from the vertical, the load may be considered a vertical load.
Basket Hitch. A sling configuration whereby the sling is passed under the load and has both ends, end attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single master link.
Braided Wire Rope. A rope formed by plaiting component wire ropes.
Braided Wire Rope Sling. A sling made from braided rope.
Bridle Wire Rope Sling. A sling composed of multiple legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that goes over the lifting hook.
Cable Body Endless Sling, Mechanical Joint. A wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of cable laid rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.
Cable Laid Grommet, Hand Tucked. An endless wire rope sling made from one continuous length of rope formed to make a body composed of 6 ropes around a rope core. The rope ends are hand tucked into the body thus forming the core. No sleeves are used.
Cable Laid Rope. A wire rope composed of 6 ropes laid as strands with a rope core.
Cable Laid Rope Sling, Mechanical Joint. A wire rope sling made from a cable laid wire rope with eyes fabricated by pressing or swaging one or more metal sleeves over the rope junction.
Choker Hitch. A sling configuration with one end of the sling passing under the load and through an end attachment, handle or eye on the other end of the sling.
Coatings. Elastomers or other suitable material applied to a sling to impart desirable properties.
Cross Rod. A wire used to join spirals of metal mesh to form the complete fabric. (See Figure S-3).
Equivalent Entity. A person or organization (including an employer) which, by possession of equipment, technical knowledge and skills, can perform with equal competence the same repairs and tests as the person or organization with which it is equated.
Fabric (Metal Mesh). The flexible portion of the sling consisting of a series of transverse coils and cross rods and exclusive of terminal fittings. (See Figure S-3).
Fabric Length (Metal Mesh). Length of the fabric measured between the extreme ends of the spiral loops. (See Figure S-2).
Fabric Thickness (Metal Mesh). The fabric thickness shall be the nominal overall thickness of the spirals. (See Figure S-3).
Handle. A terminal fitting to which metal mesh fabric is attached. This terminal fitting may be either a male handle (triangle) or female handle (choker). (See Figure S-2).
Handle Eye. An opening in the handle shaped to accept a hook, shackle or other lifting device.
Handle, Female (Choker). A terminal fitting containing a handle eye and a slot. The slot shall be of such a dimension as to permit passage of the male handle and thereby allow use of the sling in a choker hitch.
Handle, Male (Triangle). The standard terminal fitting without a choker slot.
Hitch, Basket. Loading with sling passed under the load with both ends, end attachments, eyes, or handles on the hook or a single master link.
Hitch, Choker. Loading with sling passed through one end attachment, eye or handle and suspended by the other.
Hitch, Vertical. Loading with the sling vertical. Load suspended on a single part or leg.
Link, Master Coupling. Alloy steel welded coupling link used as an intermediate link to join alloy steel chain to master links. (See Figure S-1).
Link, Master (Gathering Ring). Forged or welded steel link used to support all members (legs) of an alloy steel chain or wire rope sling. (See Figure S-1).
Link, Mechanical Coupling (Alloy Steel Chain). A non-welded, mechanically closed link used primarily to attach master links, hooks, etc. to running length alloy steel chain.
Proof Load. The specific load applied in performance of the proof test.
Proof Test. A nondestructive tension test made by the sling manufacturer or equivalent entity to verify construction and workmanship of the individual sling.
Rated Capacity (Working Load Limit). The maximum allowable working load established by the sling manufacturer and permitted by the provisions of this Article.
Reach (Alloy Steel Chain). Effective length of an alloy steel chain sling measured from the top bearing surface of the master link to the bearing surface in the base (Bowl) of the hook.
Selvage Edge. Finished edge of synthetic webbing to prevent unraveling.
Sling Manufacturer. A person or company assembling sling components into their final form for actual use. The sling manufacturer and the manufacturer of the sling material (Alloy steel chains, wire rope, metal mesh webbing, fiber rope or synthetic webbing) may or may not be identical.
Spiral. A single transverse coil that is the basic element from which metal mesh is fabricated.
Strand Laid Endless Sling, Mechanical Joint. A wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.
Strand Laid Grommet, Hand Tucked. An endless wire rope sling made from one continuous length of strand formed to make a 6 strand rope with a strand core. The strand ends are hand tucked into the body. No sleeves are used.
Strand Laid Rope. A wire rope made with strands (usually 6 or 8) formed around a fiber core, wire strand core, or independent wire rope core (IWRC).
Strength, Minimum Breaking. Minimum load at which the sling will break when loaded to destruction in direct tension.
Strength, Nominal Breaking. Load at which the sling could be expected to break when loaded to destruction in direct tension.
Tagline. A restraining line to control position of the load.
1. New NOTE filed 5-1-87; operative 5-31-87 (Register 87, No. 19).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
